基于二维图像矩阵的ICA人脸识别

为了解决传统独立分量分析(ICA)在人脸识别过程中存在的高维小样本问题,同时为了提高识别效率,提出了一种基于二维图像矩阵的独立分量分析(ICA)特征提取方法.该方法将人脸图像矩阵作为训练样本,首先利用主分量分析(PCA)对训练样本进行去二阶相关和降维处理,然后对处理后的样本进行ICA特征提取,由于训练样本维数很小,因此它降低了传统ICA方法中高维小样本问题产生的识别错误率,同时减少了识别时间.在Yale人脸库和ORL人脸库上验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于局部人脸图像的ICA人脸识别方法

提出了一种基于局部人脸图像独立分量分析的特征提取方法.该方法将人脸图像分成若干个相等的部分,将分成的局部人脸图像矩阵作为训练样本,并先后从水平方向,垂直方向提取训练样本的独立分量.相较于传统的独立分量分析(ICA)方法,该方法具有如下优点:有效解决了传统ICA在进行特征抽取过程中的高维小样本问题;将局部人脸图像作为训练样本,这不仅增加了训练样本数,而且有利于提取人脸局部特征;依次从训练样本的水平方向、垂直方向提取训练样本特征,使得提取的特征不仅维数更小,而且能更有效地反映样本的局部信息.以上优点使得提出的算法较传统方法在人脸识别方面更稳定,识别率更高,在Yale人脸库和AR人脸库上验证了该算法的有效性.     

一种改进的模块PCA人脸识别新方法

提出了一种改进的模块PCA方法,即基于独立特征抽取的模块PCA方法。算法先对图像进行分块,然后对每一子块独立地进行PCA处理,求出测试样本子块与训练样本对应子块间的距离;最后将这些距离相加得到测试样本与训练样本的距离,用最近距离分类器分类。在ORL人脸库和Yale人脸库上的实验结果表明,提出的方法在识别性能上明显优于普通模块PCA方法。     

基于Gabor小波变换与分块PCA的人脸识别

由于Gabor小波描述的人脸特征维数太高,直接将Gabor小波提取的特征进行识别时出现计算量大、实时性差的问题,提出了基于Gabor小波变换与分块主分量分析的人脸识别新算法。首先对人脸图像进行Gabor小波变换得到人脸图像特征,然后用分块主分量分析方法对其进行降维、提取特征向量,最后用最近邻分类器分类识别。在ORL和NUST603人脸库上进行实验,结果表明,该方法的识别率优于传统PCA、分块PCA、Gabor小波变换与PCA结合的方法。     

基于分块小波变换与奇异值阈值压缩的人脸特征提取与识别算法

提出了一种基于分块小波变换与奇异值阈值压缩的人脸特征提取与识别算法.该方法首先对人脸图像进行分块小波变换,并根据图像块的位置分布选取不同的频率分量,然后对该分量进行奇异值阈值压缩与特征融合,最后在ORL人脸库上利用最近邻分类器对该特征进行分类识别,验证了算法的有效性.     

加权小波和流形正则化的NMF融合的人脸识别

为了获取更充分的人脸特征信息以提高识别性能,应用加权小波变换和流形正则化非负矩阵分解的方法实现人脸识别。采用小波变换,提取训练样本人脸图像的加权高频分量和低频分量的特征信息;应用流形正则化非负矩阵分解方法,在保持人脸特征数据原始几何结构和局部特征的基础上获取最终的识别特征;利用最近邻方法进行分类识别。将该算法在ORL人脸库和YALE人脸库上进行测试验证,结果表明,与传统的非负矩阵分解方法相比,其识别率高出5%左右,且计算时间很低,说明该方法耗时短,效率高。     

基于MW(2D)~2 PCA的单训练样本人脸识别

传统的人脸识别方法在单训练样本条件下性能会急剧下降,因此,研究出适合于单样本情况下的识别算法是人脸识别问题面临的巨大挑战.针对两个方向的二维主成分分析((2D)~2PCA)算法进行改进,文中提出将加权和分块与(2D)~2PCA相结合的方法称为分块加权(2D)~2PCA,以便更有效地提取人脸的局部特征.同时把模糊理论引入分类决策,应用于单训练样本人脸识别问题.在ORL人脸库以及部分CAS-PEAL人脸库中的实验结果表明,文中方法能取得较好的识别效果.     

基于分块2DPCA的人脸识别方法

为进一步提高分块二维主成分分析(2DPCA)算法在人脸识别的识别率,提出一种人脸识别算法.将训练样本人脸矩阵按光照等相似条件进行分块并进行类内平均归一化;采用2DPCA算法构造特征空间,将分块矩阵在特征空间中进行投影得到训练样本识别特征,利用支持向量机(SVM)在分类上的优势,对训练样本识别特征和经过归一化分块2DPCA的测试样本识别特征进行分类,对人脸图像进行识别.选取ORL人脸数据库的图片进行实验,将该算法与传统2DPCA、2DPCA+SVM等算法进行比较,验证了该算法的性能优于其它算法.     

基于分块稀疏表示的部分遮挡人脸识别

人脸识别利用已有的人脸数据库对给定的人脸图像进行识别,不同光照、不同姿态、部分遮挡情况下的识别问题是其中的热门研究课题。笔者针对人脸图像中的部分遮挡问题,通过AR人脸库对处理过的人脸图像采用分块稀疏表示的方法,在不同训练样本下进行多次实验。实验结果表明,分块稀疏表示对部分遮挡人脸的识别率有较大提升。     

二阶分块PCA的人脸特征提取方法研究

为了提取更为有效的鉴别特征,在已有的二阶特征脸方法和分块主成分分析(PCA)方法上,提出了二阶分块PCA人脸特征提取方法.该方法对原始人脸图像和经重建得到的剩余图像分别运用分块PCA,将提取的一阶和二阶特征线性组合为一个特征矩阵,再进行分类识别.此特征能更充分反映人脸图像的低频和高频特性.采用ORL人脸库和FERET人脸库的实验结果表明该二阶分块PCA正确识别率优于普通分块PCA算法,具有较强的特征提取能力.     

块独立成分分析的人脸识别

针对利用ICA提取人脸特征时需要将人脸图像转换成向量，导致空间维数很高以及不能准确地估计特征等问题，提出了一种新的独立子空间人脸识别算法——块独立成分分析（B-ICA）。和经典的ICA相比，B-ICA算法把人脸图像划分成一些互不重叠的子块，然后把每个子块转换成向量，看成是低维空间中的训练点（训练向量）。因此在B-ICA算法中，样本的维数比ICA算法中样本的维数低，降低了维数灾难（即样本的训练个数远小于样本的维数）造成的错误识别率。在Yale和AR数据库上进行了大量仿真实验，实验结果表明B-ICA算法的识别率比ICA和其他一些子空间算法的识别率高。     

基于ICA和FLD相结合的人脸识别

ICA作为一种传统的人脸识别方法,虽然识别效果较好,但却没有考虑类别信息。为了将类别信息融入ICA方法中,尝试利用FLD和ICA相结合的方法对人脸进行识别处理,即在使用ICA方法获得训练模式的统计独立基向量的基础上,对基向量张成的子空间使用FLD方法。利用几个人脸数据库对该方法进行了实验。实验结果表明,使用上述方法进行人脸识别,其效果优于传统的PCA方法、FLD方法和ICA方法。     

ICA-based neighborhood preserving analysis for face recognition

We present a new dimensionality reduction method for face recognition, which is called independent component based neighborhood preserving analysis (IC-NPA). In this paper, NPA is firstly proposed which can keep the strong discriminating power of LDA while preserving the intrinsic geometry of the in-class data samples. As NPA depends on the second-order statistical structure between pixels in the face images, it cannot find the important information contained in the high-order relationships among the image pixels. Therefore, we propose IC-NPA method which combines ICA and NPA. In this method, NPA is performed on the reduced ICA subspace which is constructed by the statistically independent components of face images. IC-NPA can fully consider the statistical property of the input feature. Furthermore, it can find an embedding that preserves local information. In this way, IC-NPA shows more discriminating power than the traditional subspace methods when dealing with the variations resulting from changes in lighting, facial expression, and pose. The feasibility of the proposed method has been successfully tested on both frontal and pose-angled face recognition, using two data sets from the FERET database and the CAS-PEAL database, respectively. The experiment results indicate that the IC-NPA shows better performance than the popular method, such as the Eigenface method, the ICA method, the LDA-based method and the Laplacianface method.     

基于独立分量分析和遗传算法的人脸性别分类

性别是人脸反映的一个重要信息,通过人脸图像实现性别自动分类对大型人脸数据库的检索和识别具有重要意义。提出了一种新的结合独立分量分析(ICA)和遗传算法(GA)的人脸性别分类方法。首先采用快速独立分量分析方法(FastICA)提取人脸图像的独立基图像和投影向量,获得人脸的低维表征;然后通过遗传算法从该低维空间中选择对性别分类有利的特征子集;最后采用支持向量机进行分类。将ICA的空间局部特征提取功能、遗传算法快速寻优的特征选择功能以及SVM的强分类能力有机地结合起来。实验表明,该方法取得了很好的分类性能。     

Independent component analysis of Gabor features for face recognition

We present an independent Gabor features (IGFs) method and its application to face recognition. The novelty of the IGF method comes from 1) the derivation of independent Gabor features in the feature extraction stage and 2) the development of an IGF features-based probabilistic reasoning model (PRM) classification method in the pattern recognition stage. In particular, the IGF method first derives a Gabor feature vector from a set of downsampled Gabor wavelet representations of face images, then reduces the dimensionality of the vector by means of principal component analysis, and finally defines the independent Gabor features based on the independent component analysis (ICA). The independence property of these Gabor features facilitates the application of the PRM method for classification. The rationale behind integrating the Gabor wavelets and the ICA is twofold. On the one hand, the Gabor transformed face images exhibit strong characteristics of spatial locality, scale, and orientation selectivity. These images can, thus, produce salient local features that are most suitable for face recognition. On the other hand, ICA would further reduce redundancy and represent independent features explicitly. These independent features are most useful for subsequent pattern discrimination and associative recall. Experiments on face recognition using the FacE REcognition Technology (FERET) and the ORL datasets, where the images vary in illumination, expression, pose, and scale, show the feasibility of the IGF method. In particular, the IGF method achieves 98.5% correct face recognition accuracy when using 180 features for the FERET dataset, and 100% accuracy for the ORL dataset using 88 features.     

An independent component analysis-based disturbance separation scheme for statistical process monitoring

In this paper, an independent component analysis (ICA)-based disturbance separation scheme is proposed for statistical process monitoring. ICA is a novel statistical signal processing technique and has been widely applied in medical signal processing, audio signal processing, feature extraction and face recognition. However, there are still few applications of using ICA in process monitoring. In the proposed scheme, ICA is first applied to in-control training process data to determine the de-mixing matrix and the corresponding independent components (ICs). The IC representing the white noise information of the training data is then identified and the associated row vector of the IC in the de-mixing matrix is preserved. The preserved row vector is then used to generate the monitoring IC of the process data under monitoring. The disturbances in the monitoring process can be effectively enhanced in the monitoring IC. Finally, the traditional exponentially weighted moving average control chart is used to the monitoring IC for process control. For evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, simulated manufacturing process datasets with step-change disturbance are evaluated. Experiments reveal that the proposed monitoring scheme outperforms the traditional control charts in most instances and thus is effective for statistical process monitoring.     

基于PCA余像空间的ICA混合特征人脸识别方法

为改善传统的基于特征脸的人脸识别方法在识别光照变化较大的人脸时效果不尽理想的缺陷,提出一种基于“PCA余像空间”的ICA混合特征人脸识别方法。不同于2阶PCA人脸识别方法,用独立元分析法代替主元分析法,对“PCA余像特征脸集”进行独立元特征抽取得到人脸图像基于PCA余像空间的独立元特征,并综合人脸图像的原始独立元特征得到混合特征作为最终识别的特征。实验表明,基于PCA余像空间的ICA混合特征人脸识别方法,在识别光照、表情等外界因素变化较大的人脸图像时,要优于传统的基于特征脸的识别方法、基于ICA的识别方法以及基于2阶PCA的人脸识别方法,并具有较强的适用性。     

一种基于模糊支持向量机的人脸识别新算法

提出了基于独立分量分析进行特征提取和采用模糊支持向量机实现分类的人脸识别新方法。首先利用独立分量分析方法构造人脸的特征脸空间,在特征脸空间上运用模糊支持向量机进行分类识别。在ORL人脸数据库的仿真结果表明,该算法能有效提高人脸识别性能,具有较高的识别率。     

Identity management based on PCA and SVM

A new approach for face recognition, based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and support vector machines (SVMs), is presented to improve the recognition performance of the method based on principal component analysis (PCA). This method can simultaneously be applied to solve both the over-fitting problem and the small sample problem. The KPCA method is performed on every facial image of the training set to get the core facial features of the training samples. To ensure that the loss of the image information will be as less as possible, the facial data of high-dimensional feature space is projected into low-dimensional space, and then the SVM face recognition model is established to identify the low-dimensional space facial data. Our experimental results demonstrate that the approach proposed in this paper is efficient, and the recognition accuracy of the proposed method reaches 95.4 %.