Si的添加对FeNiMoB合金非晶形成能力与软磁性能的影响

利用单铜辊甩带法制备Fe40Ni38Mo4B(18-x)Six(x=0,2,4,6,8,10和12)非晶合金带材,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)以及精密磁性器件分析仪研究Si元素对Fe Ni Mo BSi合金带材的非晶形成能力和软磁性能影响。结果表明,随着Si元素的添加,合金带材的矫顽力Hc先减小后增大,并在x=4时最小为5.8 A/m;Fe40Ni38Mo4B14Si4合金带材在405℃保温10 min热处理后获得较高的饱和磁化强度为112.63 A·m2/kg,在345℃保温10 min热处理后获得较低的矫顽力为7.0A/m。     

高Fe含量FeCuNbSiB系非晶/纳米晶合金制备及其磁性研究

研究了过渡金属元素(Zr,Nb,Mo)和Cu元素对Fe78Si9B13合金系非晶形成能力、热稳定性和磁性的影响;在Fe74Cu1Nb3Si13B9合金的基础上,通过逐步提高Fe含量,利用单辊甩带法制备Fe(76+x)Cu1Nb3Si(11-x)B9(x=0,2,4)和Fe(79+x)Cu1Nb2Si(6-x)B12(x=0,2,4)非晶/纳米晶合金薄带;利用XRD、DSC、TEM和VSM研究了高Fe含量Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B系非晶/纳米晶合金的微观结构和磁性,并通过添加Nb元素优化了高Fe含量合金的磁性。研究结果表明:Zr和Nb元素的添加能明显提高Fe78Si9B13合金的非晶形成能力和热稳定性;高Fe含量的Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B系纳米晶合金为典型的非晶/纳米晶双相结构,合金的饱和磁化强度Ms180 emu/g,且合金的矫顽力Hc在2Oe-9Oe之间,具有良好的软磁性能;Nb元素能显著细化Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B系合金晶粒尺寸,从而能显著降低合金的矫顽力,改善合金的软磁性能;当Fe含量在80%-83%(原子百分比,下同)之间时,合金具有良好的软磁性能,但当Fe含量达到85%时,会有Fe2B、Fe3B相析出,从而显著恶化其软磁性能。     

Fe-Si-B-P-Mo系高饱和磁感应强度非晶软磁合金

通过在Fe-Si-B-P合金体系中微合金化添加Mo元素,并提高铁含量,成功制备了具有较强非晶形成能力和优异软磁性能的非晶软磁合金。研究发现,Mo元素微合金化能有效提高合金的非晶形成能力,1%的Mo可以将该非晶合金体系的Fe含量极限提高到84%以上,从而得到了饱和磁感应强度(Bs)高达1.63 T的非晶合金。其中Fe80Si4.75B9.5P4.75Mo1非晶合金可以铸造形成非晶块体样品,临界直径达到1mm,饱和磁感应强度达到1.54 T,矫顽力为1.9 A/m。在整个成分范围内,该合金体系都具有1.9~5.1 A/m的低矫顽力和高于传统Fe-Si-B合金的饱和磁感应强度(Bs),具有较好的应用前景。     

制备态(Fe88Zr7B5)100-xCux非晶薄膜的磁特性和巨磁阻抗

采用射频溅射法在单晶Si衬底上制备了Fe88Zr7B5)100-xCux(x=0、1、2、3、4)非晶薄膜样品,对其软磁特性和巨磁阻抗(GMI)变化行为进行了测量和研究。测量结果显示,加入适量Cu元素(x=3)的制备态样品具有极好的软磁性能和GMI效应,此样品的矫顽力仅有56A/m,在13MHz的频率下,最大有效磁导率(μe)比和GMI比分别为42.5%和17.0%。研究发现,制备态样品的电阻R、电抗X和阻抗Z都随Cu含量的增加而下降。X=0、4两个样品的μe、R、X、Z对外加磁场响应极不敏感,只有软磁性能优异的x=3样品的μe、R、X、Z才显示出对外加磁场响应敏感,因而有显著的GMI效应。样品拥有高的磁导率、小的矫顽力和低的电阻率是获得大GMI效应的本质条件。     

Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex（x=1,2,3）合金的晶化过程和磁性能研究

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex(x=1,2,3)系非晶合金,在不同热处理条件下对两种合金进行热处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对合金的微观结构和磁性能进行研究。研究结果表明,3种合金的晶化过程相似:非晶→非晶+α-Fe(Co)→α-Fe(Co)+Fe3Zr+Fe2B。3种合金的比饱和磁化强度(Ms)大体上随退火温度的升高而增大;3种合金的矫顽力(Hc)随退火温度的升高均呈现先增加、后降低、再增加的复杂变化趋势。     

玻璃包覆Fe79-xCox Si8 B13非晶合金微丝的磁性能

实验以熔融纺丝法制备的玻璃包覆Fe79-xCoxSi8B13非晶合金微丝为对象,分析了微丝成分、尺寸以及玻璃包覆层去除对微丝静磁性能的影响。研究结果表明,玻璃包覆Fe79-xCoxSi8B13非晶合金微丝存在明显的磁各向异性,微丝轴向为易磁化方向;随着Co含量的增加,微丝的饱和磁化强度先增大后减小,Co含量为10%的Fe69Co10Si8B13非晶合金微丝饱和磁化强度最高,为1323emu·cm-3;对于玻璃包覆Fe69Co10Si8B13非晶合金微丝,当芯丝半径与玻璃包覆层厚度比值k约小于0.5时,其轴向磁滞回线为近矩形,表现出大巴克豪森效应;微丝的轴向剩磁比随k值的增大而减小,而微丝径向剩磁比保持很小,仅0.03左右;微丝的轴向和径向矫顽力均随比值k的增大而减小;当芯丝半径为10.9μm、玻璃包覆层厚度为9.7μm(k为1.12)时,去除包覆层后微丝的轴向矫顽力降低30%、径向矫顽力降低11%;而轴向剩磁比降低33%、径向剩磁比降低67%。     

Fe基超微晶合金的XRD研究

用XRD测定了退火Fe73.5Cu1M3Si13.5B9(M=Nb,Mo)合金中晶化相－－α-Fe(Si）和非晶相的结构，讨论了添加元素M＝Nb,Mo对Fe73.5Cu1m3Si13.5B9合金起始磁导率影响的原因，结果表明，添加Nb的Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9合金其α-Fe(Si）的尺寸小，Si含量高，且非晶相的铁磁性强，从而获得了较高的起始磁导率。     

Co对Nd-Fe-Al大块非晶合金的晶化行为和磁性能的影响

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)，X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了Co对Nd—Fe-Al大块非晶合金的非晶形成能力，晶化行为和磁性能的影响。结果表明：加入Co元素后可以显著提高Nd—Fe-Al大块非晶合金的非晶形成能力以及提高合金的居里温度。Nd60Fe30-xAl10Cox(z=0、5、10)大块非晶合金在室温有较高的内禀矫顽力，具有硬磁性。内禀矫顽力随着Co含量的增加变化不大．但是饱和磁化强度和剩磁则随着Co含量的增加有所下降。Nd60Fe3-xAl10Cox(x=0、5、10)大块非晶合金具有的硬磁性能来自于非晶相。合金少量晶化后，磁性能变化不大。完全晶化后合金的硬磁性迅速消失。     

Co64Fe11Nb5Si12B8合金磁导率与温度的关系

采用铁芯测试仪测得合金样品的初始磁导率随温度的变化曲线, 用磁化强度小角旋转法测量非晶及晶化合金条带的饱和磁致伸缩系数λs;研究了不同温度退火后Co64Fe11Nb5Si12B8合金的磁导率随温度的变化、磁性以及磁致伸缩系数;结果表明:合金在580、590℃热处理磁性变好的反常现象是由于磁致伸缩系数变小所致.     

Fe80-xCoxZr8Ge2B10 (x=0,8, 16)合金的热性能、结构和磁性能

用单辊快淬法制备Fe80-xCoxZr8Ge2B10(x=0,8,16)非晶合金,再对3种合金进行不同温度下退火处理.利用差热分析仪(DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对样品的热性能、微观结构及磁性能进行研究.结果表明,Fe80-xCox Zr8 Ge2 B10(x=0,8,16)合金在快淬态时均形成非晶.Fe80 Zr8 Ge2B10和Fe72 Co8 Zr8 Ge2 B10的晶化过程类似,比较复杂;Fe64 Co16 Zr8 Ge2 B10合金的晶化过程不同于其他两种合金,相对简单.3种合金的比饱和磁化强度整体上随着Co含量的增加而增大.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.