多通道自适应MTI滤波器

本文提出一种新的雷达杂波抑制方案,即所谓多通道自适应MTI滤波器,它可以限制目标信号对自适应杂波抑制滤波器的不利影响。由于MTI滤波器的参数能够韧性地从若干个距离单元(通道)中估算出来,因此它不受目标信号的影响。     

基于二阶复数滤波器辅助通道参数搜索的杂波抑制方法

由于雷达接收到的运动杂波具有多普勒中心频率及带宽时变的特性，利用辅助参数搜索通道，本文结出准实时估计杂波抑制滤波器准最佳参数的距离分段杂波抑制方法，并结合常用的二阶复数滤波器幅频特性及其对于正交双通道输入的时域实现方法说明其工作原理，概述了在工程应用中目标保护，距离分段，凹口间隔选择及快速搜索等几个关键问题及其解决方法。     

MIMO双基地机载雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法

正侧视阵MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)双基地雷达系统具有严重的距离依赖问题和杂波谱展宽现象,该文分析其杂波特性,提出了一种距离模糊杂波抑制方法。该方法在传统的MIMO双基雷达中引入距离相关的相位项,从而提供额外的自由度,通过该相位项的距离信息实现不同距离的杂波分离,并进一步对其进行有效抑制。从而解决了双基地预警雷达大场景下地面杂波距离杂波模糊的问题,仿真结果显示该方法的正确性,并且和已有的DW(Doppler Warping)距离模糊杂波抑制方法进行比较,使用IF(Improve Factor)谱线对抑制结果进行对比,显示该方法有更优的性能。      

基于高超声速平台前斜视多通道SAR-GMTI杂波抑制方法

针对高超声速(HSV)平台雷达系统,该文提出一种基于高超声速平台前斜视多通道合成孔径雷达地面动目标检测(SAR-GMTI)杂波抑制方法。该方法先进行时域距离走动校正和距离压缩,并补偿距离向通道相位误差实现距离向包络对齐;然后再对方位多普勒扩展的信号进行3阶线调频傅里叶变换(CFT)压缩,并补偿方位向通道相位误差实现方位向包络对齐;接着在距离时域-方位CFT域利用数字波束形成(DBF)技术对杂波及其模糊分量置零进行空时自适应处理(STAP),从而可以有效抑制静止杂波及其模糊分量并提取出无模糊的运动目标回波信号。     

按多距离通道重构的杂波仿真方法

针对工作于中重频(MPRF)模式的机载脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达,提出了一种视频杂波信号仿真方法.该方法基于计算出的杂波功率谱,按距离通道进行时域信号重构,能够保留各距离通道内频域信息.仿真结果表明,I/Q两路视频信号进行FFT后能够反映出距离-多普勒通道的杂波二维分布,适用于杂波相干视频仿真.     

距离-多普勒-频带域3D-AWP-MRF分类辅助的SAR-GMTI杂波抑制方法

针对复杂地理场景下非均匀杂波造成多通道SAR-GMTI(Synthetic Aperture Radar Ground Moving Target Indicator,合成孔径雷达动目标指示)系统杂波抑制性能下降的问题,本文提出一种距离-多普勒-频带域三维自适应加权惩罚马尔科夫场(Three Dimension Adaptive Weighted Penalty Markov Random Field,3D-AWP-MRF)分类辅助的SAR-GMTI杂波抑制方法.利用地物类型在距离-多普勒-频带三维SAR图像空间的马尔科夫性,构造了包含空间距离、类间Fisher距离、局部粗糙度距离和梯度方向距离的自适应加权惩罚函数.在贝叶斯框架下利用条件迭代模型(Iterated Conditional Mode,ICM)算法求解距离-多普勒单元所属地物类型的最大化后验概率对多频带SAR图像进行分类,接着利用图像形态学操作对图像分类结果进行区域提取.最后,对每个闭合区域分别估计杂波协方差矩阵,并进行自适应杂波抑制处理.相比于传统方法,本文方法在非均匀杂波环境下不仅能提高起伏区域强杂波10～15dB的强杂波抑制能力,还可以减少平坦区域慢速运动目标约2.5dB的输出能量损失.     

利用发射角度的双基地MIMO 雷达杂波抑制方法

双基地雷达中引入多输入多输出(MIMO)技术,可以从接收数据中获取双基地雷达发射角度信息。这一新增的角度信息用于空时自适应处理,获得发射空间-接收空间和多普勒3 维杂波谱。该文旨在对双基地MIMO 雷达空时自适应处理抑制杂波方法进行综述。首先介绍了双基地MIMO 雷达信号模型,然后介绍了几种正侧视双基地MIMO 雷达空时3 维自适应处理方法(3D-STAP),包括3 维线性最小方差(3D-LCMV)方法、3 维辅助通道方法、3维局域化联合处理以及3 维投影的空时3 维降维杂波抑制方法,仿真分析表明这些降维方法能够有效提高小样本条件下的双基地MIMO 雷达距离依赖杂波抑制性能。最后,对双基地MIMO 雷达空时自适应处理研究做了总结和展望。      

基于最大似然估计的机载双基地雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法

针对存在距离模糊情况下机载双基地雷达杂波抑制的难题,本文分析了存在距离模糊时机载双基地雷达的杂波特性,提出了一种基于最大似然估计的机载双基地雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法.该方法首先通过最大似然估计对训练样本所包含的各个模糊距离环的杂波幅度进行估计,然后通过非均匀采样重构待检测距离门及其模糊距离环的杂波数据,再由重构的杂波数...     

机载双基STAP非线性时变加权技术的研究

针对机栽双基地雷达杂波的距离相关特性,提出一种新的基于非线性时变加权(NL-TVW)技术的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法用于抑制双基杂波.该方法考虑了双基杂波角度一多普勒频率特性随距离变化的非线性因素,可有效抑制来自远、中及近距离场景中的杂波回波.此外,NL-TVW方法是与数据相关的,可自适应地补偿双基杂波的距离非平稳性而无需了解有关雷达平台或场景的先验知识.仿真结果表明:在不同双基距离的场景下,非线性时变加权法比基于线性时变加权的STAP方法和无任何补偿措施的双基STAP方法有更优的杂波抑制性能.     

前视阵FDA-STAP雷达距离模糊杂波抑制方法

高重复频率前视阵机载雷达地杂波不仅存在严重的距离依赖性,而且存在距离模糊问题,传统空时自适应处理(STAP)方法在距离依赖和距离模糊同时存在时难以有效实现杂波补偿和杂波抑制。针对距离模糊下的机载雷达杂波抑制问题,该文提出一种基于频率分集阵列STAP雷达的距离模糊杂波分离与抑制方法。该方法利用频率分集阵列发射导向矢量的距离角度2维依赖性,通过空间频率域子空间投影实现距离模糊杂波的分离,然后对分离后的杂波分别进行距离依赖补偿,最终实现无模糊区域和模糊区域的杂波抑制和运动目标检测。仿真实验验证了该文方法的有效性。      

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.