微滴式数字PCR与实时荧光PCR检测羊肉制品中羊源和猪源性成分方法的比较

参考外文文献中羊肉和猪肉的特异性引物及TaqMan探针,分别建立一种定量检测羊肉制品中羊源和猪源性成分的微滴式数字PCR方法,并将该方法与标准SN／T 2051－2008中实时荧光PCR方法做对比来检测3份羊肉制品中的羊源和猪源性成分。结果表明,实时荧光PCR方法检测5号、9号、23号样品中的羊源性成分的Ct值分别是14?424／19?214、18?345／20?147、17?321／20?542;猪源性成分的 Ct 值分别是18?923／34?483、20?121／28?963、20?352／33?851;微滴式数字PCR方法检测5号、9号、23号样品中的羊源和猪源性成分的DNA拷贝数分别为236／0 copies／μL、421／0?3copies／μL、402／0?11copies／μL。表明两种方法均能检出3份样品中均含有羊源和猪源性成分,而微滴式数字PCR方法能够对DNA模板定量分析。结论：在肉种成分真伪鉴定上,微滴式数字PCR方法较实时荧光PCR方法更科学、准确。     

非洲猪瘟病毒核酸荧光定量PCR检测方法研究

目的 建立非洲猪瘟病毒核酸的荧光定量PCR检测方法, 并与微滴式数字PCR检测方法的优缺点进行比较。方法 根据非洲猪瘟病毒保守基因VP72和K205设计合成引物和探针, 探究荧光定量PCR检测方法的反应条件和方法的特异性、线性、灵敏性和重复性, 及其与微滴式数字PCR检测方法灵敏度差异。结果 本研究建立的非洲猪瘟病毒核酸荧光定量PCR检测方法检出限达到0.1 fg/反应, 在0.1~500.0 fg/反应范围内呈现良好的线性关系, 检测重复性变异系数均低于1%, 不与猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病毒发生交叉反应。结论 本研究建立的荧光定量PCR法灵敏度高、特异性强, 适用于猪肉及其制品中非洲猪瘟病毒的检测。     

微滴式数字PCR定量检测转基因玉米品系VCO-01981-5

建立基于QX100微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)平台的我国未批准转基因玉米品系VCO-01981-5的二重微滴式数字PCR定量检测方法。该方法选择基因组中单拷贝的玉米内源基因hmg和VCO-01981-5品系边界序列为定量靶序列,分别设计不同的PCR扩增引物和TaqMan探针,并对两种探针用不同的荧光进行标记,然后将上述探针和引物置于同一个PCR反应体系中以同时定量两个靶标序列。特异性实验结果显示该法只有VCO-01981-5品系的两个靶序列才都有扩增信号。灵敏度、线性和准确性实验结果显示在定量结果相对标准偏差不大于25%时,最低可稳定定量5个拷贝的VCO-01981-5品系特异性序列分子和4个拷贝的内源基因hmg分子;而在高达50 ng模板DNA以下范围内,PCR反应模板量与测定样品拷贝数之间呈高度正相关,相关系数达0.99以上;平均误差小于10%。结果表明本研究建立的该玉米品系定量方法特异性强,稳定性好,精确性、准确性以及灵敏度高,定量范围广,可用于进、出口农产品和食品中该转基因玉米品系成分的定量检测。此外,该法还可为其他转基因玉米品系及其他转基因作物品系建立类似定量检测方法提供参考。     

基于实时荧光PCR对肉制品中羊肉的精确定量

该研究将实时荧光定量PCR技术(real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,rPCR)与微滴式数字PCR技术(micro-droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)相结合,利用ddPCR建立拷贝数和羊肉质量的函数关系,确立了基于rPCR定量检测羊肉含量的方法。特异性实验结果表明,除绵羊和山羊外,非目标物种DNA未出现特异性扩增;灵敏度实验结果表明,该方法的最低检出限为0.01 ng/μL;通过对已知成分的混合样品和市售样品的检测表明,该方法能够对含量在5%以上的羊肉进行准确定量。因此,该方法在肉制品中羊肉含量检测和掺假鉴别方面具有较好应用潜力。     

两种PCR方法检测食品中花生过敏原Arah1成分

采用套式PCR和荧光实时定量PCR两种方法检测食品中花生主要过敏原Ara h1基因成分,从而推断食品中是否含有花生过敏原成分。根据GenBank提供的花生主要过敏原基因Ara h1 DNA序列(登录号为AF432231)的中一段序列分别设计2对内外特异性引物,扩增目的基因片段来建立套式PCR方法;再用上述内引物扩增目的片段,建立SYBRGreenⅠ荧光实时定量PCR方法,绘出拷贝数-CT标准曲线;并通过这2种PCR方法检测8种食品中含有花生主要过敏原Ara h1基因成分。套式PCR方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,SYBR GreenⅠ荧光实时定量PCR方法的标准曲线在3×102至3×108 copies范围内线性关系良好,R2值为0.993 5,检测低限设定为3×103 copies。2种方法检测8种食品样品,结果均与食物过敏原标注内容相符。本研究建立的2种方法具有快速、灵敏等优点,可用于食品中花生主要过敏原基因Ara h1成分的检测。     

L-乳酸脱氢酶基因在乳酸乳球菌KLDS4.0325中的表达

本文研究了在m RNA转录水平上三种L-乳酸脱氢酶基因在乳酸乳球菌KLDS4.0325不同生长阶段的表达情况。以16s r RNA作为内参基因,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定不同生长阶段的菌体中L-乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh、ldh X和ldh B)表达的动态变化规律。该菌株的生长曲线呈S型,培养2~6 h为菌体的生长对数期,随后进入稳定期。生长曲线的测定表明该菌株生长力极其旺盛;16s r RNA、ldh、ldh X和ldh B基因的扩增效率曲线显示,内参基因与目的基因的扩增效率一致且接近100%,这说明利用相对荧光定量法能够较好的反应目的基因的表达量;ldh、ldh X和ldh B基因在菌体生长的3个时间点(6 h、9 h和12 h)都有一定量的表达,随着菌体的不断生长,基因表达的变化均呈现显著性上升趋势,且上升幅度不断增加,在12 h时基因表达量达到最大值。其中ldh基因在的表达量在菌体生长的3个时间点存在显著性差异,而ldh X、ldh B基因的表达量存在极显著差异。     

多重微滴式数字PCR定量检测市售核桃乳中核桃、大豆源性成分

目的:为市售核桃乳中核桃源及主要掺杂物种大豆两种源性成分建立准确、快速定量检测方法。方法:从植物组织(核桃、大豆)或是植物蛋白饮料(核桃乳饮料)提取核酸后,主要采用多重微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术,测算单位质量核桃和大豆的目的基因拷贝数比值,建立基因拷贝数与质量之间的关系,进而利用该比例关系换算出植物蛋白饮料中核桃和大豆的投料量,以实现对植物蛋白饮料中植物源性成分的定量检测。结果:基于多重微滴式数字PCR定量检测市售产品中大豆和核桃源性组分的方法,引物探针特异性好,目标物种间无交叉反应;灵敏度高,核桃中掺杂大豆的质量检测限为0.5%,相对误差为5.6%。将单一源性5种不同质量下靶基因拷贝数之比与5种不同比例混合源性靶基因拷贝数之比通过重复3次检测,综合比较并拟合后得到单位质量下拷贝数(C_(大豆)/C_(核桃)=1.771 1)的换算比例值。在从商品超市中抽取的11份不同品牌的核桃乳中(仅含核桃一种植物源成分),多重微滴式数字PCR方法检测显示:11份样品均检出核桃源性成分,6份样品检出大豆源性成分,其中4份样品中大豆与核桃质量之比高于10%,判断存在掺杂使假;2份样品大豆与核桃质量之比低于0.2%,极低的检出量推断为工艺沾染。结论:采用多重微滴式数字PCR准确、快速的定量方法可作为鉴别核桃乳中掺杂使假问题的有效手段。     

转基因大米TT51-1品系精准定量检测方法的比较研究

基于大米蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因和TT51-1品系特异性基因序列筛选适用于数字PCR的内、外源基因特异性引物探针并建立转基因大米TT51-1品系的双重数字PCR定量方法。其定量的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度分别达2 copies/μL和0.1%。当样品中TT51-1转基因大米成分含量低至0.1%时,6次定量值的相对标准偏差在7.30%~18.63%之间,偏差在-8.77%~9.62%之间,精密度和稳定性均较为理想,而同样的引物探针所建立的实时荧光PCR方法定量的相对灵敏度仅达到1%。为促进该方法的标准化应用,将微滴式数字PCR平台上建立的定量方法在芯片式数字PCR平台上进行室内验证,结果表明该方法的定量精密度和准确性符合要求。该方法可应用于大米、稻谷及其初加工产品中TT51-1转基因大米成分的精准定量检测。     

利用实时荧光PCR方法检测转Bt基因大米

应用实时荧光PCR技术对转基因大米进行了定性和定量检测研究.本研究以转基因B163大米为材料,采用TaqMan探针技术,对大米中的内源基因蔗糖磷酸合酶SPS和转基因水稻中普遍存在的外源基因CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子以及苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthndngiemis,简写为Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白基因Cry1Ac进行了实时荧光PCR研究,并对外源基因Cry1Ac进行了定量检测和敏感性分析.该实时荧光PCR方法检测结果和常规PCR结果一致,同时不用进行凝胶电泳,更为快速、简便,降低了污染机会,可用于转Bt基因大米的定性和定量检测.     

GⅡ型诺如病毒微滴式数字RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立快速准确的GⅡ型诺如病毒定量检测方法,本研究将微滴式数字RT-PCR技术应用于GⅡ型诺如病毒检测中,并与实时荧光RT-PCR法进行了比对。微滴式数字RT-PCR反应退火温度的优化实验确定了其最佳退火温度为56℃,实时荧光RT-PCR和微滴式数字RT-PCR两种方法的灵敏度实验对比表明微滴式数字RT-PCR法检测GⅡ型诺如病毒的灵敏度为5.40 copies/μL,其灵敏度高于实时荧光RT-PCR法,重复性实验对比表明两种方法在检测中间浓度的GⅡ型诺如病毒时重复性均较好;人工污染西生菜实验中表明微滴式数字RT-PCR法最低检测限为54.00 copies/μL。本研究建立的GⅡ型诺如病毒的微滴式RT-PCR检测方法,灵敏度高,重复性良好,在人工污染西生菜GⅡ型诺如病毒的检测中表现理想,具有良好的应用前景。     

Quantification of viable Brochothrix thermosphacta in cooked shrimp and salmon by real-time PCR

Brochothrix thermosphacta, a Gram-positive bacterium, is considered as the predominant spoilage microbiota of modified atmosphere packing (MAP) shrimp and fish. Traditional methods currently used to detect B. thermosphacta in foods are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The aim of this study was to develop a real-time PCR quantification method combined with a propidium monoazide (PMA) sample treatment step to monitor the population of B. thermosphacta in cooked shrimp and salmon. The specificity of the two primers MO405 and MO404 used to amplify a 70 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was demonstrated by using purified DNA from 30 strains, among 21 bacterial species including 22 reference strains. Using these primers for real-time PCR and in pure culture, a good correlation was obtained between real-time PCR and the conventional plating method. Quantification was linear over 7-log units using artificially inoculated samples. The method performed successfully when tested on naturally contaminated cooked shrimp and fresh salmon, with a minimum threshold of 1.9×102 CFU/g for accurate quantification of B. thermosphacta. The correlation between the B. thermosphacta counts obtained by real-time PCR and plate counts on naturally contaminated shrimp and salmon was high (R2=0.895). Thus, this study presents a rapid tool for producing reliable quantitative data on B. thermosphacta in cooked shrimp and fresh salmon.     

基于微滴式和芯片式数字PCR技术的转基因克螟稻成分的定量检测

以转基因克螟稻品系为研究对象,通过大米内源蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因和转基因克螟稻品系特异性序列的绝对拷贝数分析,建立转基因克螟稻成分的双重数字聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）定量分析方法。本研究中转基因克螟稻定量体系中最适DNA添加量在10 pg～13 ng之间,模板断裂程度、PCR扩增退火温度等因素对定量结果的影响不大。其定量的绝对灵敏度达1 copies/μL,可在微滴式和芯片式数字PCR平台上准确检测质量分数在0.1%～100%之间的转基因克螟稻成分,尤其是对低于1%的样品,其定量准确性高于传统的实时荧光PCR方法。本研究建立的转基因克螟稻成分定量分析方法适用性较好,可用于转基因水稻规范化与标准化的定量分析。     

Evaluation of real-time PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and recA genes for the enumeration of bifidobacteria in probiotic products

The application of real-time PCR targeting the multicopy 16S rRNA gene and the single copy recA gene was evaluated for the enumeration of bifidobacteria in 29 probiotic products claimed to contain these organisms. Both assays relied on the use of genus-specific primers and the non-specific SYBR Green I chemistry. For both applications, the calibration curve was constructed using the type strain of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Upon correction with a factor corresponding to the 16S rRNA gene copy number, both assays generally produced comparable enumeration results. Only in exceptional cases, differences between both gene targets were found in probiotic products containing low amounts of bifidobacteria in which case the quantification of the multicopy 16S rRNA gene turned out to be more sensitive than the recA-based assay. On the other hand, the use of the latter single copy gene in real-time PCR quantification offers the advantage that no prior knowledge of bacterial content is required when using genus-specific primers, since no correction for multiple gene copies has to be performed. Only 11 of the analysed products (38%), including one dairy based product and ten dried products, contained a minimal Bifidobacterium concentration of 10(6) CFU per ml or g of product. Depending on the application, both assays proved to be rapid and reproducible alternatives for culture-based detection and quantification of bifidobacteria in probiotic products.     

Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in meat mixtures

A rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using SYBR Green detection system, has been developed for the quantification of red deer, fallow deer, and roe deer DNAs in meat mixtures. The method combines the use of cervid-specific primers that amplify a 134, 169, and 120 bp of the 12S rRNA gene fragment of red deer, fallow deer and roe deer, respectively, and universal primers that amplify a 140 bp fragment on the nuclear 18S rRNA gene from eukaryotic DNA. The C_t (threshold cycle) values obtained with the 18S rRNA primers are used to normalize those obtained from each of the cervid-specific systems, serving as endogenous control for the total content of PCR-amplifiable DNA in the sample. Analysis of experimental raw and heat treated binary mixtures of red deer, fallow deer or roe deer meat in a swine meat matrix demonstrated the suitability of the assay for the detection and quantification of the target cervid DNAs in the range 0.1–0.8%, depending on the species and treatment of the meat samples analyzed.     

SYBR-Green real-time PCR approach for the detection and quantification of pig DNA in feedstuffs

A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using primers targeting the porcine-specific mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and universal eukaryotic primers amplifying a conserved fragment of the nuclear 18S rRNA gene has been developed for the detection and quantification of porcine DNA in food and feedstuffs. The 18S rRNA primers were used as endogenous control for the total content of PCR-amplifiable DNA in the sample. The assay was tested on DNA extracted from raw and heat-treated binary mixtures of porcine tissues in a plant matrix, and on DNA extracted from reference feedstuff samples. Analysis of experimental mixtures demonstrated the suitability of the assay for the detection and quantification of porcine DNA in mixtures containing as little as 0.1%.     

金黄色葡萄球菌新型肠毒素sek基因在3 株食品分离菌株中的表达

目的：肠毒素sek基因在临床分离的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中较为流行,研究新型肠毒素sek基因的时序性表达可为食物中毒预防和疾病控制补充新的基础数据。方法：本研究针对实验室保存的食源性金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行21 种肠毒素基因检测,筛选出3 株含sek基因的菌株SA005、SA008和SAB0,针对3 株菌株进行生长曲线测定,随后在培养不同时间段收集菌体提取RNA,利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（real time-polymerasechain reaction,real time-PCR）检测肠毒素sek基因在12～120 h的相对表达水平。结果：基因检测结果显示,菌株SA005含有16S、nuc、mecA、seb、sec、sek、sex基因,SA008含有16S、nuc、mecA、sea、sek、sex基因,SAB0含有16S、nuc、sek、sex基因。3 株菌株在胰酪胨大豆肉汤培养基中的生长曲线趋势较相似,18 h左右出现折点,之后细菌进入生长稳定期。3 株菌株的sek基因在12～120 h全程表达,SA005的sek基因在48 h时相对表达量最高,在84 h相对表达量最低;SA008在24 h时的相对表达量最高,在48 h相对表达量最低,在60～120 h表达量相对比较稳定;SAB0在12～120 h之间相对表达量呈现抛物线趋势,在60 h和72 h的表达量相对较高且差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：3 株菌株sek表达水平存在明显差异,相同菌株sek基因不同时间点表达也存在差异性,菌株基因背景的影响可能是造成sek基因表达差异性的关键。     

Real-time PCR quantification of nitrifying bacteria in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Real-time PCR assays using TaqMan or Molecular Beacon probes were developed and optimized for the quantification of total bacteria, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira, and Nitrosomonas oligotropha-like ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using a single-sludge nitrification process. The targets for the real-time PCR assays were the 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA) for bacteria and Nitrospira spp. and the amoA gene for N. oligotropha. A previously reported assay for AOB 16S rDNA was also tested for its application to activated sludge. The Nitrospira 16S rDNA, AOB 16S rDNA, and N. oligotropha-like amoA assays were log-linear over 6 orders of magnitude and the bacterial 16S rDNA real-time PCR assay was log-linear over 4 orders of magnitude with DNA standards. When these real-time PCR assays were applied to DNA extracted from MLSS, dilution of the DNA extracts was necessary to prevent PCR inhibition. The optimal DNA dilution range was broad for the bacterial 16S rDNA (1000-fold) and Nitrospira 16S rDNA assays (2500-fold) but narrow for the AOB 16S rDNA assay (10-fold) and N. oligotropha-like amoA real-time PCR assay (5-fold). In twelve MLSS samples collected over one year, mean cell per L values were 4.3 +/- 2.0 x 10(11) for bacteria, 3.7 +/- 3.2 x 10(10) for Nitrospira, 1.2 +/- 0.9 x 10(10) for all AOB, and 7.5 +/- 6.0 x 10(9) for N. oligotropha-like AOB. The percent of the nitrifying population was 1.7% N. oligotropha-like AOB based on the N. oligotropha amoA assay, 2.9% total AOB based on the AOB 16S rDNA assay, and 8.6% nitrite-oxidizing bacteria based on the Nitrospira 16S rDNA assay. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the wastewater treatment plant were estimated to oxidize 7.7 +/- 6.8 fmol/hr/cell based on the AOB 16S rDNA assay and 12.4 +/- 7.3 fmol/hr/cell based on the N. oligotropha amoA assay.     

一种快速定性和定量检测发酵乳中L.fermentum的方法

通过比对发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)与其他乳酸菌的16S rRNA基因序列的异同,设计出L.fermentum的种属特异性引物,应用此引物进行种属特异性PCR和实时荧光定量PCR反应,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱和实时荧光定量PCR图谱分析,建立一种快速检测发酵乳中L.fermentum定性和定量测定方法.