Dynamic Surface Backstepping Global Sliding Mode Control for CPS Based on NDO

Based on dynamic surface control and the nonlinear disturbance observer technique,it proposes a nonlinear adaptive backstepping global sliding mode control system for a typical cyber physical system( CPS)with aerodynamic coefficients and external disturbance uncertainties. The dynamic surface control technique can provide the capability which can solve the problem of "explosion of complexity"in backstepping sliding mode controllers. The nonlinear disturbance observers are employed to observe the arbitrary model uncertainties of nonlinear flight dynamic system. The global sliding mode control method is used to improve the response rate and the precision of the tracking. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control system.     

基于扩张状态观测器与动态面控制的可重构模块机器人反演分散控制

针对可重构模块机器人控制中各子系统间关联项难以处理的问题,提出了一种基于三阶扩张状态观测器(ESO)和动态面控制(DSC)的反演分散控制方法。利用三阶ESO对各关节耦合的关联项及建模不确定性进行实时的估计和补偿,并利用粒子群算法(PSO)自适应调整ESO中的参数。在设计反演分散控制器时,为了克服对虚拟控制量进行重复求导运算而导致的所谓"计算膨胀"问题,采用基于动态面控制的方法设计反演分散控制器,并对所设计的分散控制器的Lyapunov稳定性进行了分析。将该控制策略应用于一个四自由度可重构模块机器人的轨迹跟踪控制中,仿真结果验证了该控制器对处理关联项及反演控制中"计算膨胀"问题的有效性。     

基于反馈增益反步法的非完整约束移动机器人路径跟踪控制

为实现非完整约束轮式机器人的路径跟踪控制,采用虚拟向导方法建立跟踪误差方程,基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论,设计了一种基于反馈增益的反步法控制器,既能通过控制反馈增益的调节补偿机器人动态误差模型中的非线性项对系统的影响,又能避免传统反步法控制器中存在虚拟控制的高阶导数的问题。仿真结果表明:设计的控制器参数易于调节,可实现轮式移动机器人对任意曲线路径的精确跟踪。     

一类含有滞回故障非线性系统Backstepping变结构控制

为解决执行器发生未知故障情况下不确定非线性系统的控制问题,采用一种自适应Backstepping变结构控制方法,建立了包括滞回非线性和失效、卡死等故障类型的非线性执行器模型.通过径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络逼近系统中的未知非线性函数项,神经网络参数根据自适应律实时调整,保证了逼近效果.结合动态面控制,避免了Backstepping控制中的计算复杂性问题.引入的自适应补偿项消除了系统建模误差和不确定干扰的影响,理论分析证明了闭环系统半全局一致最终有界,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

漂浮基空间机器人姿态与末端爪手协调运动的反演滑模控制

讨论了载体位置无控、姿态受控情况下,具有外部扰动的漂浮基空间机器人系统的控制问题。结合系统动量守恒关系及拉格朗日方法,建立了漂浮基空间机器人的运动Jacobi关系及系统动力学方程。以此为基础,借助于反演设计方法,设计出空间机器人载体姿态与机械臂末端爪手协调运动的滑模控制方案。此方案可有效地减少控制系统的在线计算时间,更能满足空间机器人这一时变系统控制的实时、在线要求。数值仿真结果证实了该控制方案的有效性。     

Seam tracking control for mobile welding robot based on vision sensor

To solve the seam tracking problem of mobile welding robot, a new controller based on the dynamics of mobile welding robot was designed using the method of backstepping kinematics into dynamics. A self-turning fuzzy controller and a fuzzy-Gaussian neural network (FGNN) controller were designed to complete coordinately controlling of cross-slider and wheels. The fuzzy-neural control algorithm was described by applying the Gaussian function and back propagation (BP) learning rule was used to tune the membership function in real time by applying the FGNN controller. To make the tracking more quickly and smoothly, the neural network controller based on dynamic model was designed, which utilized self-learning and self-adaptive ability of the neural network to deal with the partial uncertainty and the disturbances of the parameters of the robot dynamic model and real-time compensate the dynamics coupling. The results show that the selected control input torques make the system globally and asymptotically stable based on the Lyapunov function selected out; the accuracy of the proposed controller tracing is within ±0.4 mm and can satisfy the requirements of practical welding project.     

基于事件触发的大规模互联非线性系统的自适应分散漏斗控制

研究了一类不确定大规模非线性系统的分散自适应事件触发漏斗控制问题。首先,利用一个新的带有障碍李雅普诺夫函数的漏斗控制方法,构造了一种自适应分散漏斗控制器,以实现给定瞬态行为的输出跟踪。其次,为了解决控制器设计中的互联项问题,引入了一个辅助非线性函数。同时,将命令滤波技术应用到反步设计中,避免了反步过程中的“复杂性爆炸”问题。此外,还设计了一种事件触发机制,以减少控制器和执行器之间不必要的传输,从而提高资源效率。结果表明,所提出的控制方案能保证闭环系统的所有信号都是有界的,并且跟踪误差总是在漏斗中演化。最后,通过一个数值系统验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

Buck 型直流变换器的自适应动态面控制研究

基于脉冲宽度调制(PWM)原理工作的Buck 型直流变换器的平均模型, 利用非线性自适应动态面控 制方法设计控制器, 用来驱动一类Buck 型直流变换器工作, 使其输出电压能准确地跟踪参考电压, 以及对负载参数 的不确定性具有很强的鲁棒性和自适应性。非线性自适应动态面控制是非线性系统自适应反步控制的一种简化算 法, 设计过程中引入n - 1 个一阶滤波器, 克服了反步方法对虚拟控制求导而引起的方程项数的膨胀问题和对模型 非线性求导的问题。只要滤波时间足够小(现代的计算机完全能够满足), 选择合适的表面增益, 该方法设计的控制 器, 简单且易于实现, 并可保证系统是半全局稳定的, 完全能够满足工程上的要求。该控制器的有效性, 通过仿真实 例获得验证。     

Adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of switched MIMO nonlinear systems

An adaptive fuzzy tracking control scheme is presented for a class of switched multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with disturbances under arbitrary switching.Adaptive fuzzy systems are e...     

气动肌肉驱动关节轨迹跟踪的自适应鲁棒控制

设计了一种简单、经济的单根肌肉关节驱动上肢外骨骼助力机器人。为解决单根肌肉关节轨迹跟踪控制精度差、抗干扰能力差及颤振严重等问题,基于反步法设计单根肌肉关节伺服系统的自适应鲁棒控制器。该控制器呈两层级联结构,每层均包含一个鲁棒反馈、参数自适应及快速动态补偿项,基于递归最小二乘法和梯度法分别设计参数自适应及快速动态补偿项。通过Lyapunov函数证明所设计控制器的稳定性,并结合实验分析参数自适应及快速动态补偿项的作用。实验结果表明,设计的控制器具有良好的暂态及稳态性能,跟踪不同行程的轨迹时,系统运行平稳,颤振很小,特别是跟踪幅值为15 mm正弦信号时,其暂态最大绝对跟踪误差为0.94 mm,稳态跟踪误差均方差为0.21 mm,几乎没有颤振现象。干扰测试实验进一步证明所设计的自适应鲁棒控制器继承了传统鲁棒控制器的抗干扰能力。     

基于终端滑模的移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

分析了具有不确定性非完整约束移动机器人系统的轨迹跟踪问题。在运动学模型分析的基础上,利用非奇异终端滑模技术,提出了一种新的轨迹跟踪控制算法,该算法消除了传统滑模控制带来的奇异问题。基于后退方法的思想设计系统状态变量,将系统分解为低阶子系统处理,简化了控制律的设计。结合Lyapunov方法,证明了在该控制律作用下,对满足一定速度条件的期望轨迹,移动机器人完全能够实现轨迹跟踪。仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation for nonholonomic welding mobile robot

Based on the Newton-Euler method, the dynamic behaviors of the left and right driving wheels and the robot body for the welding mobile robot were derived. In order to realize the combination control of body turning and slider adjustment, the dynamic behaviors of sliders were also investigated. As a result, a systematic and complete dynamic model for the welding mobile robot was constructed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the above model, a sliding mode tracking control method was proposed and simulated, the lateral error stabilizes between ?0.2 mm and 0.2 mm, and the total distance of travel for the slider is consistently within ±2 mm. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the established dynamic model and also show that the seam tracking controller based on the dynamic model has excellent performance in terms of stability and robustness. Furthermore, the model is found to be very suitable for practical applications of the welding mobile robot.     

Serret-Frenet frame based on path following control for underactuated unmanned surface vehicles with dynamic uncertainties

The path following problem for an underactuated unmanned surface vehicle(USV) in the Serret-Frenet frame is addressed. The control system takes account of the uncertain influence induced by model perturbation, external disturbance, etc. By introducing the Serret-Frenet frame and global coordinate transformation, the control problem of underactuated system(a nonlinear system with single-input and ternate-output) is transformed into the control problem of actuated system(a single-input and single-output nonlinear system), which simplifies the controller design. A backstepping adaptive sliding mode controller(BADSMC)is proposed based on backstepping design technique, adaptive method and theory of dynamic slide model control(DSMC). Then, it is proven that the state of closed loop system is globally stabilized to the desired configuration with the proposed controller. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

多机电力系统固定时间动态面高阶滑模控制

针对含有参数不确定性和外部扰动的多机电力系统,设计了静止无功补偿器(SVC)与发电机励磁的协调控制器.动态面控制(DSC)方法与高阶滑模控制方法相结合,并引入固定时间概念,不仅避免了反步法中存在的"微分爆炸"问题,同时保证了系统的收敛时间上界独立于初始状态;采用范数估计方法,在线估计模糊逼近器权重向量的范数,大大减轻了...     

Gait simulation of new robot for human walking on sand

In order to simulate the gait of human walking on different terrains a new robot with six degrees of freedom was proposed. Based on sand bearing characteristic compliance control was introduced to control system in horizontal and vertical movement directions at the end of the robot, and position control in attitude. With Matlab/Simulink toolbox, the system control models were established, and the bearing characteristics of rigid ground, hard sand, soft sand and softer sand were simulated. The results show that 0, 0.62, 0.89 and 1.12 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground along the positive direction of x-axis, respectively, and 0, −0.96, −1.99 and −3.00 mm are the maximal subsidences along the negative direction of x-axis, respectively. Every subsidence along y-axis is negative, and 0, −4.12, −8.23 and −12.01 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground, respectively. Simulation results show that the subsidence of footboard points to inferior anterior in early stage of stand phase, while points to posterior aspect in late stage. The subsidence tends to point to posterior aspect in the whole. These results are basically consistent with the gait characteristics of human walking on sand. Gait simulation of the robot for human walking on sand is achieved.     

一种核磁共振兼容液压驱动穿刺手术机器人的动力学建模及H∞控制方法研究

脑瘤是影响国民健康状况的重大难题。为了确定脑瘤的发展程度,以确定下一步治疗方案,通常需要对脑瘤组织进行穿刺活检手术。由于核磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI)对软组织有更好的分辨率,常用来检测脑部肿瘤。因此,针对MRI兼容的机器人的相关研究是非常必要的。本文基于一种核磁共振兼容的液压驱动穿刺手术机器人,根据液压连通器的原理,推导了该机器人的运动学模型,并基于流体力学的相关理论,得到了该机器人的动力学模型。为了精确控制所设计的机器人系统,根据H_∞控制理论设计了该液压驱动系统的状态反馈H_∞控制率,使机器人可以快速、稳定地跟踪目标信号。最后,通过实验研究,该机器人系统的综合定位精度为0.56 mm,在x轴、y轴、z轴、俯仰轴和横滚轴上的平均定位精度分别为0.41 mm、0.6 mm、0.67 mm、0.886°和1.17°。研究结果验证了机器人辅助定位穿刺针的性能,所建立的动力学模型和控制方法对穿刺机器人的控制算法研究有一定的参考价值。     

有限时间Back-Stepping动态面控制

针对一类具有外干扰和建模误差的n阶非线性系统提出一种有限时间Back-stepping动态面控制.在动态面控制方法的子系统控制器设计中设计一个快速有限时间收敛的非线性滤波器,以代替一阶线性滤波器.该方法可避免"计算膨胀",降低高阶系统的误差积累,同时可避免高阶系统有限时间控制难以解决的奇异性问题.针对动态面控制稳定性分析中未将估计误差考虑在内的不足,将其一并考虑,并证明了其稳定性,给出稳态控制误差.最后结合四旋翼飞行器位置控制系统仿真验证了其工程的实用性和优越性.     

基于模型不确定补偿的轮式移动机器人反演复合控制

针对轮式移动机器人存在模型不确定性、非线性以及未建模的动态特性等因素,严重影响系统轨迹跟踪的稳定性和精确性,提出一种基于系统模型不确定性补偿的反演复合控制策略。基于非完整轮式移动机器人的运动学模型,采用反演控制思想以及李雅普诺夫稳定性判据设计轨迹跟踪的虚拟速度控制量,作为系统的持续激励输入。考虑轮式移动机器人具有模型不确定性和外部有界力矩干扰,根据轮式移动机器人的动力学模型推导得到系统不确定项,并采用具有高度非线性拟合特性的神经网络对其估计,得到模型的力矩控制量,且由李雅普诺夫稳定性分析得到不确定项的自适应律,实现自调整和实时轨迹跟踪。对比仿真表明,该复合控制策略能自适应的跟踪期望轨迹,与单一的反演控制、模型不确定性补偿控制策略、传统PID控制相比,均具有更好的鲁棒性和高的跟踪精度。     

基于观测器的永磁同步电机模糊自适应混沌控制

针对混沌现象能够影响永磁同步电动机驱动系统稳定性的问题,本文根据模糊自适应控制和反步设计法的原理,研究了具有不确定参数的永磁同步电动机混沌系统位置跟踪控制,设计了一种新型的降维观测器来估计系统的转子角速度,并利用模糊逻辑系统对永磁同步电动机混沌系统中的非线性函数进行逼近,同时采用反步设计方法,构造了模糊自适应控制器,并在Matlab环境下进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够避免永磁同步电动机出现混沌现象,确保系统可以快速跟踪期望的信号,并对永磁同步电动机混沌系统进行有效控制,该控制策略能够克服永磁同步电动机参数不确定性的影响,实现了对永磁同步电动机的位置跟踪控制。该研究具有实际应用价值。     

Double pull specimen more suitable for measuring bond-slip relationship of FRP-to-concrete interface

A new "conceptual" design named "double pull" specimen was proposed in order to measure the bond-slip (δ-τ) relationship of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-to-concrete interface more accurately. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed for preliminarily evaluating the suitability of the proposed conceptual double pull specimen. Through the FEA, it was indicated that the FRP-to-concrete interface of the proposed conceptual specimen might subject to a much higher load level than that of the most commonly used simple shear specimen, showing a great potential for measuring δ-τ relationship more accurately. In the light of the conceptual specimen, a kind of "practical" double pull specimen was developed and proved to be more suitable for measuring δ-τ relationship through an exploratory experimental study with 20 specimens. Consequently, an experimental program with 10 double pull specimens was performed for measuring the ultimate slip δ_u which was difficult to capture by using the existing specimens. It is shown that the range of δ_u is 0.31-0.52 mm based on the test results. The suggestion for improving the measure method is also put forward.