天然香辛料及其复配对脂肪氧化的影响

比较肉豆蔻、丁香、肉桂、生姜、甘草、月桂、白芷、牛至、茴香、迷迭香十种香辛料不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化效果,然后筛选出四种香辛料提取物,与生育酚(VE)两两复配,考察复配天然抗氧化剂对猪油体系氧化的抑制效果。结果表明:在猪油体系中,同等条件下香辛料乙醇提取物的抗氧化效果优于香辛料水提取物;不同抗氧化剂的作用效果从大到小依次为:BHT生姜甘草迷迭香丁香白芷肉豆蔻月桂桂皮牛至茴香;以生姜、甘草、迷迭香、丁香乙醇提取物以及VE两两复配试验发现,天然抗氧化剂复配具有增效效果,其中迷迭香-生姜效果更优于BHT单独作用效果;抗氧化效果较好的三种复配天然抗氧化剂组合为:迷迭香-生姜BHT甘草-迷迭香VE-迷迭香。     

复配天然抗氧化剂对食用油脂抗氧化效果研究

对天然抗氧化剂复配配方对食用油的抗氧化能力进行研究。根据正交试验结果,各种天然抗氧化剂在组分中的主次因素为迷迭香提取物＞甘草提取物＞茶多酚＞ VE,优化得出复合天然抗氧化剂的复配组合为迷迭香0.08%、茶多酚0.06%、甘草提取物0.08%、VE0.01%。此优化的配方对食用油的抗氧化能力弱于TBHQ,但强于BHA 和BHT。     

甘草、诃子提取物复合抗氧化剂对葵花籽油抗氧化作用的研究

目的研究甘草、诃子提取物复合抗氧化剂对葵花籽油抗氧化作用的影响。方法采用Schaal烘箱法和ABTS法,评价复合抗氧化剂对葵花籽油的抗氧化作用。结果 Schaal烘箱加速氧化实验中,甘草提取物比诃子提取物对葵花籽油的抗氧化作用更强,复合抗氧化剂均表现出协同抗氧化作用,其中,0.007%甘草提取物=0.013%α-生育酚、0.015%甘草提取物+0.005%抗坏血酸、0.007%诃子提取物+0.013%α-生育酚和0.003%诃子提取物+0.017%抗坏血酸对葵花籽油的抗氧化作用较强,均优于其单一抗氧化剂和人工合成抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT),弱于2-叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)。ABTS法中,多数复合抗氧化剂间表现出协同作用,其中,诃子提取物与抗坏血酸复配比例为5:1和3:1时清除ABTS自由基能力最强。结论复合抗氧化剂对葵花籽油具有协同抗氧化作用。     

几种天然植物黄酮的抗氧化对比研究

研究浸提香料后的桂花、甘草、竹叶、松叶总黄酮的提取方法,并测定提取物的抗氧化性能.清除超氧阴离子自由基实验和清除羟基自由基实验表明:桂花黄酮具有较强的抗氧化性能,效果优于目前广泛使用的食品工业抗氧化剂BHT、Vc;其抗氧化效果虽没有明显强于天然抗氧化剂茶多酚,但存在价格低的优势.因此,桂花总黄酮有望开发成为一种低价位高效能的天然抗氧化剂.     

复配天然抗氧化剂在食用油脂中的抗氧化效果研究

本文主要使用Schaal烤箱试验的方式研究天然抗氧化剂的复配配方对于食用油抗氧化能力的影响。根据试验的结果,对比各类抗氧化剂的稳定性和抗氧化性的效果:迷迭香提取物甘草提取物茶多酚VE,经过优化可以得到复合天然抗氧化剂的组合为迷迭香占0.08%,甘草提取物占0.08%,茶多酚占0.06%,VE占0.01%,同时发现提取的茶多酚以及复合迷迭香提取物对于食用油的稳定性具备明显的协同效果,但是其他的负荷抗氧化剂则没有协同作用。     

几种抗氧化剂对棉籽油氧化稳定性的影响

利用Rancimat法研究3种天然抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、维生素E(VE)及合成抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对棉籽油抗氧化性能的影响.通过在棉籽油样品中添加不同质量浓度的单一和复合配比的抗氧化剂,分别测定诱导时间并考察抗氧化效果.结果表明,在棉籽油中单一抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能依次为TBHQ＞迷迭香＞茶多酚＞VE;在复合抗氧化剂组合中,迷迭香提取物与茶多酚以3∶1进行复配时具良好的协同增效作用;当3种天然抗氧化剂与TBHQ进行复配时,其抗氧化效果优于同等质量浓度的单一天然抗氧化剂.     

天然抗氧化剂的增效作用及其对花生油抗氧化效果研究

对迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、植酸、VE、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在花生油中的抗氧化性能和五种天然抗氧化剂相互之间的增效作用进行了研究。通过Rancimat法测定了添加各种抗氧剂的花生油的诱导时间,根据正交实验结果,各种天然抗氧化剂在组分中的主次因素为迷迭香提取物>茶多酚>植酸>抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,优化得出天然抗氧化剂的复配配方为迷迭香提取物0.07%、茶多酚0.03%、植酸0.02%、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯0.02%。此配方对花生油的抗氧化能力优于TBHQ。     

一种天然抗氧化剂复合物抗氧化作用的研究

研究以茶多酚、大豆磷脂、抗坏血酸和大蒜提取物为原料，探讨了四者复配物在不饱和脂肪中的抗氧化作用。结果表明，其抗氧化效果明显优于常用的BHA、BHT、PG及天然混合生育酚、茶多酚，并能在一定程度上使已氧化为过氧化物的多不饱和脂肪酸复原。其作用机理主要是由于具有较强的还原性和清除自由基的能力，并表现出组分间的协同效应。     

茶多酚与竹荪、海带提取物的抗氧化协同效应

通过研究多种提取液(茶多酚、竹荪、海带、茶多酚与竹荪复配液,茶多酚与海带复配液,茶多酚与竹荪/海带复合提取物复配液)对DPPH自由基及羟基自由基的清除能力,考察茶多酚与竹荪、海带提取物复配后的协同抗氧化效果。抗氧化活性试验结果显示,茶多酚与竹荪、茶多酚与海带、茶多酚与竹荪/海带复合提取物的复配液抗氧化能力都优于单独茶多酚,单独竹荪、单独海带、单独竹荪/海带复合提取液;其中茶多酚与竹荪/茶海带复合提取液的复配液协同抗氧化效果高于茶多酚与竹荪复配液、茶多酚与海带复配液;各种提取液以及复配液均与其质量浓度有明显的量效关系。表明茶多酚与竹荪、海带复配后,其抗氧化能力得到提高,产生了正向协同效应。     

天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油抗氧化作用的研究

研究天然维生素E、抗坏血酸、大豆磷脂、β-胡萝卜素、茶多酚、没食子酸、迷迭香提取物七种天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:七种天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中茶多酚、没食子酸和迷迭香提取物具有较好的抗氧化效果;对没食子酸和迷迭香提取物进行复配得出最佳质量比为4∶1;复合抗氧化剂最佳添加量为0.02%。     

Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of potato peel,sugar beet pulp and sesame cake

BACKGROUND: Growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on vegetable sources and screening of raw materials to identify new antioxidants. The food‐processing industry generates substantial quantities of phenolic‐rich by‐products that could be valuable natural sources of antioxidants. In this study the antioxidant properties and total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of three industrial by‐products, sugar beet pulp, sesame cake and potato peel, extracted with various solvents were examined. Since different antioxidant compounds have different mechanisms of action, several methods were used to assess the antioxidant efficacy of extracts. RESULTS: Among the six solvents tested, methanol gave the highest extract yield of potato peel and sugar beet pulp, while diethyl ether gave the highest extract yield of sesame cake. Methanol exhibited the highest extraction ability for phenolic compounds, with total phenolics amounting to 2.91, 1.79 and 0.81 mg gallic acid equivalent g^?1 dry weight in potato peel, sugar beet pulp and sesame cake extracts respectively, and also showed the strongest antioxidant capacity in the three assays used. All three methods proved that potato peel extract had the highest antioxidant activity owing to its high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results obtained, potato peel, sugar beet pulp and sesame cake extracts could serve as natural antioxidants owing to their significant antioxidant activity. Therefore they could be used as preservative ingredients in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of the interactions between tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts and ascorbic acid on their antioxidant activity: analysis with interaction indexes and isobolograms

Products containing natural additives, including antioxidants, are usually perceived by consumers as safer than those with synthetic ones. Natural antioxidants, besides having a preservative activity, may exert beneficial health effects. Interactions between antioxidants may significantly change their antioxidant activity, thus in designing functional foods or food/cosmetic ingredients knowledge about the type of interactions could be useful. In the present study, the interactions between ascorbic acid (AA; vitamin C) and different black and green tea extracts and the influence on their antioxidant activities were investigated. The antioxidant activities of tea extracts and their mixtures with AA prepared in several different weight ratios were measured using the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The type of interaction was determined by interaction indexes and isobolograms. It was found that the weight ratio of extracts to AA significantly influenced the antioxidant activity of a mixture and the type of interaction between these components. The weight ratio of tea extract to AA can cause the change of interaction, e.g. from antagonism to additivism or from additivism to synergism. The observed differences in the type of interactions were probably also a result of different extracts’ polyphenol composition and content. The type of interaction may also be affected by the medium in which extracts and AA interact, especially its pH and the solvent used. To obtain the best antioxidant effect, all these factors should be taken into account during the design of a tea extract–AA mixture.     

覆盆子不同极性溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性比较

为比较覆盆子不同极性溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性,分别用正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、去离子水、50%乙醇和石油醚进行萃取,测定各提取物总多酚和总黄酮的含量,并通过清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟基自由基和总还原能力4种体系对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果显示,乙酸乙酯提取物中总多酚含量最高,50%乙醇提取物中总黄酮含量最高;50%乙醇提取物清除DPPH自由基能力和ABTS自由基能力最强,水提取物清除羟基自由基能力最强,丙酮提取物总还原能力最强。结果表明覆盆子不同极性溶剂的提取物均有抗氧化活性,可作为天然抗氧化剂开发。     

高粱米不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

研究不同极性溶剂对高粱米提取物中活性物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,不同溶剂对高梁米中多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性有明显的影响.80％丙酮提取物中的多酚、黄酮含量最高,分别为6.49 mg GA/g和61.2 mg/100 g,表现出较好的抗氧化能力.其次80％甲醇和80％乙醇提取物也表现出较好的抗氧化能力.与此相反,正己烷提取物中的多酚、黄酮含量最低,分别为1.30 mg GA/g和9.6 mg/100 g,抗氧化能力较差.相关性分析表明,提取物中的多酚、黄酮含量与其抗氧化能力有较高的相关性,说明高梁米不同提取物抗氧化能力的差异主要来源于提取物中抗氧化物质的量的差异.     

三种天然抗氧化剂复合对冻藏牛肉丸抗氧化效果的研究

天然抗氧化剂来源天然、安全。本文研究了茶多酚、葡萄籽提取物、Vc三种天然抗氧化剂对冻藏牛肉丸的抗氧化效果,以添加浓度为0.02%BHA的处理组为对照组,以不添加任何抗氧化剂的处理组为空白。通过测定牛肉丸冻藏期间过氧化物值(POV)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)、羰基价等指标的变化,确定了三种天然抗氧化剂的最适添加比例;为了研究茶多酚、葡萄籽提取物、Vc三种天然抗氧化剂协同对牛肉丸脂肪氧化和品质特性的抗氧化效果,采用L_9(3~3)正交实验进行了三种天然抗氧化剂复合配比的优化,以TBARS和感官评定为测试值。研究表明,三种天然抗氧化剂最适配比为:茶多酚0.5%、Vc 0.03%、葡萄籽提取物0.05%。本研究开发的天然复合抗氧化剂对于牛肉丸冻藏期间的脂肪氧化及品质的改善均有很理想的效果,具有潜在的应用价值。     

天然抗氧化剂联合作用对花生油氧化稳定性及风味特性的影响

以花生油为研究对象,在60 ℃加速氧化条件下探讨天然复合抗氧化剂协同提高其氧化稳定性的作用机制,分析了贮藏期内风味特性的变化趋势。结果表明,花生油在24 d加速氧化实验过程中,与其他组相比,0.07%粉状迷迭香提取物+0.07%油状迷迭香提取物+0.01% V_C表现出最佳的协同效应,此组样品过氧化值由第0 d的1.38 meq/kg仅增加到第24 d的1.65 meq/kg,酸值由第0 d的0.93 mg KOH/g仅增加到第24 d 1.03 mg KOH/g;和对照组相比,其p-茴香胺值,硫代巴比妥酸值在贮藏期内显著降低(p<0.05),表明该组复合抗氧化剂的协同抗氧化效果较优。风味测定结果表明,复合抗氧化剂不能改变风味化合物中的主要物质的组成,但会部分增加或减少某些风味物质的含量。添加最优复合抗氧化剂后氧化的花生油稍有天然提取物的风味,与吡啶类化合物,呋喃类化合物的含量变化有关。     

Antioxidant efficacy of extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard in rapeseed and peanut oils

Antioxidant efficacy of 70% ethanol extract (EE), 70% methanol extract (ME), and water extract (WE) produced from pickled and dried mustard (Brassica juncea Coss. var. foliosa Bailey) was evaluated in rapeseed and peanut oils by using the Schaal oven method. The protective effects of aforesaid 3 extracts in stabilizing vegetable oils were tested by measuring their peroxide values, conjugated diene values, and p-anisidine values during storage of 15 d at 60 °C. Results showed that the different solvent extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard, at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) in vegetable oils, could significantly (P < 0.05) lower the peroxide value, conjugated diene value, and p-anisidine value of oils during storage at 60 °C. However, the extracts at various concentrations showed a less antioxidant effect than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 200 ppm. The ultraviolet spectra of different extracts exhibited a single maximum absorbance at 268 nm. The qualitative analysis of antioxidants present in the extracts was carried out by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column. Two phenolic compounds, gallic and protocatechuric acids, were identified. The antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the presence of these phenolics. These results indicated that the pickled and dried mustard could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The antioxidant activity of extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard toward rapeseed and peanut oils oxidation and the characterization of active phenolic compounds may be useful in developing natural antioxidants for vegetable oils. Moreover, the extracts could safely be used as potential antioxidant to suppress lipid oxidation in lipid-containing food products.     

Effect of Extraction Techniques and Solvents on Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Punica granatum</Emphasis> L.) Leaf and Stem

The effect of commonly used techniques and solvents in the antioxidant activities of Pomegranate leaves and stems were studied. The extraction techniques compared were successive, individual (cold percolation), and decoction methods in both parts using solvents viz. petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, and water. The antioxidant activity of all the different solvent extracts of leaves and stem was evaluated using antioxidant assays like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol and flavonoid content was also measured. Successive extraction was a better technique to extract the antioxidants from pomegranate than other techniques evaluated in the present study. For the aqueous extraction, decoction method was found to be the best method to extract the antioxidants and it is the most convenient, exhaustive, and time-saving extraction technique for both parts of pomegranate. The results showed that the extracting solvent significantly altered the antioxidant property estimations of pomegranate leaf and stem. High correlations between phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of pomegranate extracts were observed. High levels of antioxidant activities were detected in pomegranate leaf as compared to stem indicating that the leaf may serve as an excellent source of natural antioxidants.     

Antioxidant activity in different parts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts and potential exploitation of the seeds

The calyx of the roselle plant has long been recognised as a source of antioxidants. The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity, free radical-scavenging and total phenolic content in other parts of the roselle plant. Roselle seed extracts were found to have the highest antioxidant activity and strongest radical-scavenging activity of all plants tested. Methanol extracts showed a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as measured by β-carotene bleaching assay and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The antioxidant efficacy of roselle seeds in a whole food system was investigated by testing the effect on lipid oxidation in cooked beef patties stored at 4 °C for 14 days. Results showed that patties treated with roselle seeds had reduced lipid oxidation compared to patties treated with BHT. This study suggests that roselle seeds have the potential to be used as food antioxidants.