戊二醛添加顺序对胶原蛋白肠衣膜品质的影响

为了缩减胶原蛋白肠衣膜的制备工序，提高食品行业包装材料的质量，考察了戊二醛的添加顺序对胶原蛋白肠衣膜品质的影响。分别通过制胶时、成胶后以及成膜后3种添加方式，以抗拉强度、断裂延伸率、热收缩率、溶胀率、色泽及变性温度等为指标进行了研究。结果表明：在任一添加方式下，戊二醛都可促进胶原蛋白肠衣膜机械性能和表面疏水性的提高，导致溶胀率和热收缩率的下降；其中，通过FTIR和DSC分析表明，采用成膜后浸入戊二醛方式交联获得的肠衣膜交联效率最高，热稳定性最高，且对肠衣膜性能的提升最为显著；进一步，随着戊二醛添加量的提高，肠衣膜的色泽逐渐变黄，而当添加量超过100 mg/L时，戊二醛交联对肠衣膜品质并无进一步显著提升作用。     

亲水胶体对面粉糊化特性和面条品质的影响

采用RVA快速黏度法、质构测定等方法研究瓜尔豆胶、魔芋胶、CMC和黄原胶4种亲水胶体对面粉糊化特性和面条品质的影响.结果表明,4种亲水胶体对面粉的糊化温度影响不显著;添加瓜尔豆胶、CMC和黄原胶面粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度呈递增的趋势,添加魔芋胶的面粉的糊化性质变化不明显;添加魔芋胶和瓜尔豆胶面条的拉伸性能、切割性能呈递增的趋势;添加CMC和黄原胶面条的拉伸性能和切割性能先升高后降低;综合考虑各方面因素,4种亲水胶体均可用于面条的加工,适宜添加量为0.5%～1.0%.     

不同亲水胶体对百合淀粉糊化及流变学特性的影响

通过向龙牙百合鳞茎淀粉中添加不同来源的亲水胶体(瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、果胶、魔芋胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素),测定其黏度、热力学及流变学特性的变化,探究不同亲水胶体对百合淀粉糊化及流变学特性的影响。结果表明:不同亲水胶体与淀粉的混合体系表现出不同的糊化及流变学特性。添加瓜尔豆胶后的混合体系峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度均提高,而添加其余胶体后均降低。差示扫描量热结果表明:羟丙基甲基纤维素使混合体系的峰值温度和终止温度降低,添加其余胶体后混合体系糊化温度升高;添加亲水胶体后,糊化温度范围减小,热焓值降低。百合淀粉及添加不同亲水胶体后的淀粉混合物均随剪切频率增大呈现剪切稀化现象,均为假塑性流体。添加瓜尔豆胶后混合体系弹性模量(G′)、黏性模量(G″)和稠度系数(K)显著提高,流动系数(n)降低,假塑性增强;而其余胶体混合体系的G′和G″的变化规律不同。明确不同种类亲水胶体对百合淀粉糊化和流变特性的影响,可为百合淀粉与亲水胶体复配在食品中的应用提供参考。     

亲水胶体对胡柚饮料稳定性的影响

以胡柚饮料为研究对象,以离心沉淀率和混浊稳定性为考察指标,探讨了添加黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、瓜尔豆胶和果胶4种亲水胶体对胡柚饮料稳定性的影响。结果表明：随着亲水胶体添加量的增加,胡柚饮料的稳定性呈上升趋势,其适宜的添加量为0.15%～0.2%,亲水胶体的稳定性顺序为：果胶〉CMC〉瓜尔豆胶〉黄原胶;黄原胶与果胶复配比为1∶2～3,添加量为0.15%～0.2%时,胡柚饮料稳定性最好,口感最佳。     

魔芋胶/瓜尔豆胶对猪肉脯品质的影响

本试验研究了魔芋胶与瓜尔豆胶的复配胶体对猪肉脯品质的影响,测定了感官、色差、质构、水分活度、含水量、pH值这六个指标。结果表明:胶体组感官得分均高于空白组,添加0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶的实验组的感官综合得分最高;单独胶体和复配胶的加入均在一定程度上改善了猪肉脯的色泽与质构特性,添加0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶对猪肉脯质构特性的改善最为显著;胶体组猪肉脯水分活度显著降低,含水量显著增大(p0.05),添加0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶的猪肉脯的水分活度最低,仅添加0.4%魔芋胶的猪肉脯的含水量最高;复配胶的可在一定程度上提高猪肉脯的pH值,且随着魔芋胶在复配胶中所占比例的增大,pH值也随之升高。总之,复配胶的加入可改善猪肉脯的感官品质、质构特性及耐贮藏性,添加含0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶的复配胶较利于猪肉脯综合品质的改善。     

亲水胶体对鸡蛋清起泡性的影响

亲水胶体在许多食品的制作过程中都起到重要的提升产品品质的作用。研究分析了黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、瓜尔豆胶和壳聚糖等几种亲水胶体的不同添加量对鸡蛋清的打擦度、起泡性及泡沫稳定性的影响。结果表明亲水胶体添加CMC、瓜尔豆胶可明显增加蛋清的打擦度,添加海藻酸钠则降低蛋清的打擦度,而黄原胶的添加对蛋清打擦度的影响则受到不同的添加量分别出现打擦度增加和降低的不同结果,壳聚糖的添加对蛋清的打擦度影响不大。研究过程也发现,蛋清中添加黄原胶、CMC、瓜尔豆胶和壳聚糖后,泡沫达到最大体积的时间比对照组明显缩短,蛋清起泡效率提高。几种胶体的添加增加蛋清打擦度由大到小顺序为:瓜尔胶>CMC>壳聚糖≈对照(无添加)>黄原胶>海藻酸钠。添加亲水胶体可以增强鸡蛋清的泡沫稳定性。     

亲水性胶体对广式腊肠水分迁移及质构的影响

本文研究了卡拉胶、魔芋胶、瓜尔豆胶及其复配对广式腊肠烘烤过程中水分迁移、产品质构、感官等质量品质的影响。结果表明,广式腊肠添加亲水性胶体后,可略有提高产品的水分含量,尤其是瓜尔豆胶组(19.94%),比对照提高4.02%;在烘烤中期,亲水性胶体可降低广式腊肠的干燥速率,整体而言,亲水性胶体对烘烤过程中水分散失影响较小。胶体添加组感官得分除D3组,均高于对照组,其中添加复配卡拉胶与魔芋胶的感官综合得分最高,达到87.5;除瓜尔豆胶外,单独胶体和复配胶均能一定程度上改善广式腊肠的质构特性,尤其是复配胶体组。广式腊肠添加亲水性胶体后,复水率显著提高(p0.05),尤其是瓜尔豆胶及其复配组,达到3.79%。复配胶的加入可改善广式腊肠的感官品质、质构特性及复水性,不同亲水性胶体有不同的作用特点。     

常见亲水胶体对烘焙食品品质影响的研究进展（网络首发、推荐阅读）

亲水胶体具有良好的功能特性,如改善食品的乳化、胶凝、溶解性和质构等特性。在烘焙食品中,亲水胶体用于改善面团、面包和蛋糕特性,提高感官质量以及延长食品货架期。已经有研究报道了亲水胶体在面包、饼干、蛋糕和面食制备中的潜在用途。综述常见的亲水胶体（黄原胶、瓜尔胶、阿拉伯胶、K-卡拉胶、刺梧桐胶、海藻酸盐、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素）对焙烤食品的流变学、理化、质构以及其它品质特性的影响,亲水胶体的加入使得产品的颜色、外观、风味和整体可接受性显著改善。     

不同增稠剂对咖啡乳饮料稳定性的影响

通过对咖啡乳饮料样品的粒径、Turbiscan稳定性分析,研究了增稠剂海藻酸丙二醇酯、微晶纤维素、阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、结冷胶、ι-型和κ-型卡拉胶对咖啡乳饮料稳定性的影响。结果表明:各单体增稠剂的添加量分别为海藻酸丙二醇酯1.1 g/kg、微晶纤维素1.4 g/kg、阿拉伯胶1.7 g/kg、黄原胶0.25 g/kg、结冷胶0.15 g/kg、ι-型卡拉胶0.10 g/kg、κ-型卡拉胶0.05 g/kg时对咖啡乳饮料的稳定体系效果相对较好,七种单体中微晶纤维素和结冷胶的稳定效果相对最优。     

亲水胶体对荞麦无麸质馒头品质的影响

以甜荞粉和苦荞粉的总质量为基准，分别添加0.5%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、k-卡拉胶(KARA)、瓜尔豆胶(GG)和魔芋胶(KGM)4种亲水胶体制作荞麦无麸质馒头。研究4种亲水胶体对荞麦无麸质面团发酵流变学特性及馒头品质特性的影响。结果表明：4种亲水胶体均可明显增加荞麦无麸质面团的高度、持气时间、发酵前后体积比，明显增加荞麦无麸质馒头的弹性、咀嚼性、回复性，降低硬度，改变馒头瓤颜色。KARA和KGM具有较高的品质综合评分。在0～6 d的贮藏期内，亲水胶体对荞麦无麸质馒头的硬度产生了明显影响，说明亲水胶体能够延缓馒头老化。     

Controlling rheology and structure of sweet potato starch noodles with high broccoli powder content by hydrocolloids

Incorporating high volume fractions of broccoli powder in starch noodle dough has a major effect on its shear modulus, as a result of significant swelling of the broccoli particles. Several hydrocolloids with distinct water binding capacity (locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum, konjac glucomannan (KG), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and xanthan gum), were added to systems with 4 and 20% (v/v dry based) broccoli particles, and the effect of this addition on dough rheology, mechanical properties and structure of cooked noodles was investigated. Hydrocolloids with low (LBG and guar gum) and intermediate (KG) water binding capacity had no significant effect on shear rheology of the dough. Adding hydrocolloids with high water binding capacity (HPMC and xanthan gum) decreased the shear modulus of dough with 20% broccoli particles significantly. CLSM analysis of cooked noodles showed that in samples containing xanthan gum there was also an inhibition of swelling of starch granules. Strength and stiffness of cooked noodles with 20% broccoli particles were higher for samples containing xanthan gum, than samples without xanthan gum. The cooking loss and swelling index of samples with added hydrocolloids were slightly lower than samples without hydrocolloids. Our results showed that hydrocolloids with high water binding capacity can be used to control the degree of swelling of vegetable particles and starch granules in starch noodle products, and thereby control both dough rheology and textural properties of the cooked noodles.     

亲水胶体对小麦玉米混合粉及馒头品质的影响

以玉米粉和小麦粉为原料,研究了黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、魔芋胶4种亲水胶体不同的添加量(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%)对混合粉粉质特性(吸水率、面团形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度)和小麦玉米混合粉馒头品质(比容、硬度、弹性、感官评分)的影响。用粉质仪测定混合粉的粉质特性,用体积测定仪测定小麦玉米混合粉馒头的比容,用质构仪测定小麦玉米混合粉馒头的硬度和弹性。结果表明:四种胶体均能增大混合粉的吸水率、面团形成时间、稳定时间,降低弱化度,但有一定的差异。黄原胶对粉质特性的影响最显著,然而添加了黄原胶的小麦玉米混合粉馒头品质较差。添加适量的瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、魔芋胶可改善小麦玉米混合粉馒头的品质。其中,2%魔芋胶的比容最大,0.5%魔芋胶的硬度最小,2%羧甲基纤维素钠的弹性最大,感官评分最高。     

复合亲水胶体对带鱼鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响

本文研究了六种亲水性胶体对带鱼鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响,以凝胶特性、持水力和白度等为指标,结合扫描电镜观察微观结构,应用响应面法开发鱼糜制品复合型凝胶增强剂。结果表明:在带鱼鱼糜中加入褐藻胶、魔芋胶、沙蒿子胶、卡拉胶、热凝胶多糖均可提高带鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度,加入瓜尔豆胶降低带鱼鱼糜制品凝胶强度。响应面分析得到添加0.1%热凝胶多糖、0.19%魔芋胶、0.1%沙蒿子胶的带鱼鱼糜凝胶制品能够形成均匀、致密的三维网状结构,其凝胶强度是不添加亲水性胶体的3.58倍。     

羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶三元混合膜配比优化及膜性能分析

具有阻隔性的可食性膜应用于食品中,可起到抑制食品氧化酸败、提升贮藏保鲜效果的作用。本研究以羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠和瓜尔豆胶为成膜材料,以阻氧性、水蒸气透过系数为指标,通过单因素实验和D-最优混料设计对羧甲基纤维素钠-海藻酸钠-瓜尔豆胶三元混合膜进行工艺优化,并对可食性膜之间膜液和膜的透光率、流变学特性、傅里叶红外光谱图、扫描电镜图、热力学特性等进行分析对比,结果表明:当1.25%羧甲基纤维素钠:2%海藻酸钠:0.75%瓜尔豆胶为35:49:16时,可食性膜的水蒸气透过系数倒数为505224,阻氧性为0.52,阻隔性最佳,与单一膜相比,优化后的混合膜各性能明显提升,各成分协同性良好,混合膜结构具有良好的相容性及完整性。本可食性三元混合膜的研究可为新型可食性膜的开发提供参考。     

海藻酸钠/微晶纤维素复合壁材的性能及对精油微胶囊缓释性的影响

将微晶纤维素与海藻酸钠混合,形成复合壁材用于制备精油微胶囊。通过探讨微晶纤维素的添加对壁材溶液流变性以及壁材膜机械性能、透油性、吸湿性和透水性的影响,研究海藻酸钠/微晶纤维素复合壁材对柠檬精油微胶囊包埋效率及精油释放速率的影响。结果表明,复合溶液表观黏度随微晶纤维素含量的增加而增加,随温度的升高而逐渐下降,且都比海藻酸钠的表观黏度高。红外光谱结果表明海藻酸钠和微晶纤维素相容性很好,通过氢键形成复合体系。微晶纤维素较大程度增强壁材复合膜的机械性能,膜的透油性、吸湿性和透水性随微晶纤维素的增加而降低。4%微晶纤维素含量的复合壁材对柠檬精油微胶囊包埋效率比未添加的效率提高了9.2%,并且微晶纤维素的添加能有效延缓微胶囊精油在高温和高湿环境下的释放。     

Physico-chemical properties of commercial fibres from different sources: A comparative approach

The lower intake of fibre and fibre-containing foods has refocused the food industry on the benefits of incorporating different fibres in the foodstuff. Nowadays, a whole range of fibres are available in the market, but sometimes a good choice becomes complicated due to their varied physico-chemical properties. In order to give some light when selecting fibres, a comparative study regarding some physical properties of commercial fibres from different sources is presented, with a view to increasing their use in food products, namely bakery products. Commercial fibres included in this study were hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, cellulose, locust bean gum, guar gum, inulin, galactooligosaccharides, oat and wheat fibres, and fibres extracted from apple and bamboo. Particle size distribution (PSD) of the dry commercial fibres ranged from around 10 to 334 μm; moreover PSD in wet (water and ethanol) form was also determined to have precise information about their behaviour when processing. Cereal fibres (oat 600 and wheat) exhibited the highest values for hydration properties (swelling, water holding and water binding capacity). Only the hydrocolloids (HPMC, locust bean gum and guar gum), with the exception of cellulose, yielded highly viscous solutions during the heating-cooling cycle; moreover oat 600 and apple fibre developed viscous solutions after cooling. HPMC, locust bean gum and guar gum significantly augmented the four SRC values, thus those hydrocolloids affected the relative contributions to water absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, damaged starch and pentosans. Fibre sources and degree of replacement significantly affected the SRC values for the four solvents in all the fibre groups, with the exception of lactic acid SRC in the case of cereal fibres. Differences in fibres effect on wheat flour quality can be easily detected by assessing solvent retention capacity, which can give information on the end use functionality of the wheat flour.