Interactions between bubble and particles of key minerals of diasporic bauxite through the extended DLVO theory

The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore (valuable mineral) from aluminosilicate minerals (gangue minerals, mainly including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite), and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency. In this paper, based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, the van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first, and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration, mineral particle size, air bubble size, collector type (dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) and sodium oleate (NaOL)) and concentration, and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles. The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution. The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances. The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinite-bubble and diaspore-bubble respectively. Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values. The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.     

A kinematic model describing particle movement near a surface as effected by Brownian motion and electrostatic and Van der Waals forces

Nanoparticle movement near a surface is greatly influenced by electrostatic and Van der Waals forces between the particle and the surface,as well as by Brownian motion.In this paper,several precise equations are derived to describe the Van der Waals and electrostatic forces between a particle and a surface when the particle is removed from the surface.These include an equation for particle displacement under the electrostatic force,and a numerical calculation for particle displacement under the Van der Waals force.Finally,a kinematic model is constructed to describe the particle distribution under the effects of the electrostatic and Van der Waals forces,as well as the particle’s Brownian motion.The results show that increasing the multiply of the particle and surface zeta potential values and decreasing the ionic strength of the detergent can prevent a particle from redepositing onto a surface.     

酸对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附的影响

浮选过程中抑制剂会使矿物表面亲水,还可能与捕收剂存在竞争吸附. 硫酸和磷酸是钙（镁）质磷矿石反浮选工艺常用的抑制剂. 通过单矿物和人工混合矿浮选试验及吸附量测定,研究了胶磷矿 - 白云石反浮选体系中,抑制剂硫酸或磷酸浓度对捕收剂 GJBW 在矿物表面吸附量的影响. 结果表明,酸浓度对矿物上浮率影响较大,但对捕收剂在胶磷矿和白云石表面吸附量影响均较小,说明该体系中抑制剂和捕收剂在矿物表面不是竞争吸附而是共同吸附,综合决定表面亲/疏水性,进而影响其上浮率. 于是建立了两者在矿物表面共同吸附的双电层模型,其中不溶油酸分子（HOl）作为主要捕收剂组分在白云石 - 水界面起主导作用使表面疏水,而胶磷矿酸溶释放出的或磷酸电离出的 H ₂ PO ₄ ^- 做为主要抑制组分在胶磷矿 - 水界面起主导作用使表面亲水.     

丹酚酸A对牛血清白蛋白的荧光猝灭作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了在模拟人体生理环境条件下,pH 7.40的Tris-HCl缓冲体系中,丹酚酸A(Sal A)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明,丹酚酸A对牛血清白蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用。用Stern-Volmer和Lineweaver-Burk方程处理数据,推断其猝灭机理为丹酚酸A与牛血清白蛋白形成复合物的静态猝灭,并获得了25、30、35℃下丹酚酸A与牛血清白蛋白作用的结合常数分别为1.49×105、1.19×105、8.24×104 L/mol。根据Van't Hoff方程计算得出ΔH=-56.55kJ/mol,根据所得热力学参数推断丹酚酸A与牛血清白蛋白之间的主要作用力为氢键与范德华力。在25℃时,计算获得丹酚酸A与牛血清白蛋白的结合位点数为1.158。     

离子型磁性液体中纳米微粒间相互作用研究

用磁偶板子硬球模型对磁性液体中磁性纳米微粒间相互作用进行了研究。分析表明,微粒间存在着静电排斥、静磁吸引和VanderWaals吸引三种相互作用,无外场时静磁作用非常微弱,可以忽略,静电排斥力作用距离远,起抗团聚作用,Vander Waals作用距离短,是引起团聚主要原因。为确保磁性液体稳定性,制备的离子型磁性液体体积分数应小于5％。     

Mechanism study on flotation separation of molybdenite from chalcocite using thioglycollic acid as depressant

Effects of collectors(butyl xanthate(BX), O-isopropyl-N-sulfur ethyl carbamate(Z-200) and emulsified kerosene), dereagent(sodium sulfide) and depressant thioglycollic acid(TGA) on the flotation of chalcocite and molybdenite were investigated through flotation. The first principle theory was adopted to understand the difference of their surfaces and reaction between minerals and reagents. Results of flotation tests revealed that selectivity of emulsified kerosene is the best of three collectors in separation of chalcocite and molybdenite, though the others also display excellent collecting properties. Sodium sulfide can effectively remove collectors adsorbed on chalcocite surface, and TGA is an effective depressant of chalcocite at pH 8-9. Through first principle study, molybdenite displays relatively stronger covalence property while bonding interaction between copper atoms in chalcocite enhanced its ionicity. Bonding interaction is weaker in reaction of TGA and molybdenite, so it shows higher hydrophobicity and better flotability. Therefore, TGA is an effective inhibitor in the separation.     

微机械中微观力的几个关键问题分析

基于范德华势与Lennard-Jones势两种分子作用势模型,提出一种圆截球方法,对分子与半空间体以及微球与半空间体之间的分子作用势(力)进行了计算;并通过定义非维度量和改变圆截球的半径分析了有关分子间作用力的有效作用范围,以及利用范德华势与Lennard-Jones势表示分子间作用力的表现效果问题;最后讨论了将分子间作用力作为表面力处理的问题.     

辉钼矿的浮选

本文分析了辉钼矿的结构及可浮性.讨论了辉钼矿的浮选特点,着重介绍了铜——钼分离的方法和工艺,也述及了辉钼矿浮选中的部分理论研究.     

最简单的手性分子—过氧化氢和过硫化氢

用范德华力和静电力分析了H_2O_2和H_2S_2的结构。它们都是手性分子,属于外消旋体。     

碳酸根对方解石浮选速率的影响及机理研究

通过方解石单矿物浮选试验,研究了不同浓度碳酸根离子以及矿浆pH值对方解石浮选速率的影响,结果表明:加入1.5mmol/L碳酸根离子时,方解石完全上浮的时间由原来的2min缩短至30s,浮选速率显著提高,而pH值对其浮选速率无显著影响.利用ζ-电位测定、溶液化学计算以及颗粒间相互作用原理,探讨了碳酸根离子影响方解石浮选速率的作用机理,结果表明:碳酸根离子在方解石表面发生静电吸附,生成碳酸钙沉淀,中和了颗粒表面电性,方解石颗粒间的静电排斥力减小,颗粒间的两种吸引力即范德华作用力和疏水作用力占主导地位,颗粒相互吸引靠拢产生聚沉,颗粒更易于向气泡附着,使得方解石浮选速率显著提高.     

MD膜驱剂和单季铵盐对界面Zeta电位的影响

MD膜驱油技术是一种新型提高原油采收率技术.为对比MD膜驱剂(单分子双季铵盐)和几种单季铵盐在界面作用中的差别,运用微电泳法分别考察了这些化合物与高岭土/水和沥青质对二甲苯溶液/水的界面作用.结果表明,Zeta电位能够反映出MD膜驱剂与单季铵盐在界面的静电作用及范德华力作用的差别.MD膜驱剂和单季铵盐与沥青质对二甲苯溶液/水界面的作用比与高岭土/水界面的作用大;范德华力在单季铵盐与沥青质对二甲苯溶液/水界面作用中的比重比在单季铵盐与高岭土/水界面作用中的比重大.MD膜驱剂和单季铵盐与两界面的作用大小顺序为:MD膜驱剂>四丁基溴化铵＞四乙基溴化铵和四甲基溴化铵.MD膜驱剂与单季铵盐的不同主要在于其电荷量大,单季铵盐之间的不同则在于与界面的范德华力不同.     

五种锡石的可浮性特点

我国的锡石浮选起步虽较外国晚一些,但廿多年来进展较快。有特点地在发展,本文在我们和其它选矿工作者研究的_基础上,采用了五种中国产的镑石,研究和比较了它们的可浮性;研究和比较了捕收剂,活性剂和抑制对五种矿物的作用性能,并用矿物对捕收剂的吸附量法,流动电位法和接触角法比较了它们的可浮性机理。研究结果证明,五种矿物虽同是锡石,可浮性也基本相似,但随矿物的不同,同一药剂对它们的反应有所不同,不同的药剂用量所起的作用也因矿物而异。     

一种新型苝衍生物的凝胶行为

采用离子自组装方法,以苝酐的羧酸盐及阳离子表面活性剂二甲基二十八烷基溴化铵（DOAB）为原料,室温下合成一种新型苝衍生物.借用核磁共振仪（NMR）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）确定目标产物的化学组成和结构.利用透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、小角X射线散射仪（SAXS）等表征衍生物的凝胶聚集体形貌及排列结构.结果表明：这种苝衍生物能够在芳香环间的π–π相互作用下,通过自组装过程形成有序排列的聚集体,其在甲苯中的凝胶呈现典型的层状结构,苝环之间的π–π相互作用是其形成凝胶的主要驱动力,相互缠结的烷基链与溶剂之间范德华力促使凝胶结构更加稳定.     

高氯酸铵(AP)超细粉静电分散表征方法研究

通过实验和理论分析,确定了空气环境中AP超细粉料形成软团聚的过程中,液桥力最大,其次为范德瓦尔斯力与静电力.并根据作用力的大小,设计了静电分散分级实验,通过电晕风使微颗粒均匀荷电,借助库仑斥力来实现软团聚的分散分级. 实验获得的最佳分散分级电压参数为6 kV,可以将AP粉料中所含细粉的90%以上分离收集,并通过测量细、中、粗粉料质量的比例参数,在线表征AP超细粉料的状态.     

低品位铜镍硫化矿浮选中蛇纹石的行为研究

针对蛇纹石脉石矿物的浮选特性,进行了蛇纹石纯矿物、铜镍硫化矿矿石浮选试验研究,在确定疏水絮凝为微细粒铜镍矿物浮选的重要过程中的同时,借助OLMPUS矿物显微镜水中现测结果分析,推断部分脉石矿泥被有用矿物疏水絮团机械夹带一起精矿是精矿中MgO含量降不下去的主要原因。     

油层出砂机理研究

本文从砂粒的受力分析出发，讨论了重力、范氏力和双电层斥力对出砂的影响。提出了油层出砂的门限流速概念，对于合理地确定油井产能、保护油层有着一定的实际意义。     

再生剂与老化沥青微观作用机理

采用分子动力学模拟方法,根据老化沥青体系溶解度参数变化规律,研究了再生剂组分对老化沥青相容性的影响;通过体系的相互作用能分析,探讨了再生剂组分对老化沥青再生的作用机理。结果表明,芳香分有助于改善老化沥青的相容性,且芳香分掺量越大改善效果越好;饱和分则刚好相反,这与实验结论相一致。芳香分与老化沥青相互作用能随掺量增大而急剧增大,意味着两者相互吸引作用显著增强,其原因在于静电相互作用能占据主导地位,范德华相互作用能相对较小;然而饱和分与老化沥青的相互作用能随掺量变化不大,其中静电相互作用能和范德华相互作用能几乎各占一半贡献。分子间的静电相互作用能是影响老化沥青再生的主要因素。     

Flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile

The flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile was studied using 3 collectors with various concentration and pulp pH. The collecting property of different representative collectors was investigated. Experimental results show that diphosphonic acid is an effective collector for valuable niobium-containing minerals. A flotation recovery of 90.87%-91.7% is obtained with 75 mg/L diphosphonic acid at pH 2-4. The chemical adsorption of diphosphonic acid on these 3 minerals’ surface might lead to the high re...     

Atomic scale imaging of monocrystalline Si （001） surface by molecular dynamic simulation

Non-contact atomic force microscopy(nc-AFM) atomic-scale imaging process of monocrystalline silicon surface using capped single-wall carbon nanotube tip is simulated by molecular dynamic method. The simulation results show that the nc-AFM imaging force mainly comes from the C-Si and C-C chemical covalent bonding forces, especially the former, the nonbonding Van der Waals force change is small during the range of stable imaging height. When the tip-surface distance is smaller than the stable imaging height, several neighboring carbon atoms at the tip apex are attracted, and some of them jump onto the sample surface. Finally the tip apex configuration is destroyed with the tip indenting further.     

湿化学法制备ATO/TiO2导电复合粉体包覆机制的研究

采用湿化学共沉淀法,通过在TiO2颗粒表面包覆Sb掺杂SnO2（ATO）制备ATO/TiO2导电粉.运用TG-DSC、XRD、XPS、SEM、BET和电导率等手段对ATO/TiO2导电粉进行了表征.研究结果表明：锡锑混合物xSn（Sb）O2·yH2O以非晶态的形态靠范德华力与静电引力吸附在TiO2表面,煅烧过程中,xSn（Sb）O2·yH2O脱去结晶水吸附或鍵合在TiO2表面.随着TiO2颗粒表面包覆层ATO厚度逐渐增加,ATO/TiO2粉体的电导率逐渐增加.