一种2自由度胸鳍推进机构设计与动力学分析

以箱鲀为仿生对象,设计了一种两侧胸鳍对称布置,单侧2自由度胸鳍能够实现摇翼运动、前后拍翼运动以及两者复合运动的仿生机器鱼,建立了其利用"划水模式"推进的水动力学模型,通过数值方法给出了胸鳍摆动周期、幅值以及初始角的变化与直线游动速度之间的关系,实验结果验证了其有效性.在此基础上,确定了所设计仿生机器鱼采用"划水模式"推进时的直线游动模态.研究结果表明,胸鳍"划水模式"推进的仿生机器鱼具有较高的效率和运动速度.     

一种2自由度胸鳍推进仿生箱鲀机器鱼转弯特性研究

以2自由度胸鳍推进仿生箱鲀机器鱼为对象,研究其在单侧胸鳍推进、两侧胸鳍协同推进、以及单侧胸鳍与尾鳍协同推进等3种情形下的转弯特性.首先给出了胸鳍和尾鳍的正弦运动规律,并建立了3种情形下的转弯水动力学模型.然后利用数值方法分析了单侧胸鳍推进、单侧胸鳍/尾鳍协同推进时机器鱼实现给定半径转弯,以及两侧胸鳍协同推进时机器鱼实现原地转弯的特性,并给出了相应的转弯条件.实验结果表明,单侧胸鳍/尾鳍协同推进时的平均转弯角速度为0.26 rad/s;单侧胸鳍推进时的最大转弯角速度为0.314 rad/s,最小转弯半径为0.74倍体长;双侧胸鳍协同推进时原地转弯平均角速度为0.42 rad/s.与现有结果相比,所设计机器鱼转弯方式更为丰富,转弯机动性和转弯角速度较高.     

形状记忆合金驱动仿生蝠鲼机器鱼的设计

研究了一种采用鳐科模式游动、柔性胸鳍摆动方式推进的形状记忆合金（SMA）丝驱动型仿生蝠鲼机 器鱼．首先,对双吻前口蝠鲼游动动作进行了分析,建立了蝠鲼胸鳍柔性摆动的简化运动模型．然后对能够模仿蝠 鲼肌肉动作的智能材料进行了分析．最后设计了SMA 丝驱动的柔性仿生胸鳍和仿生蝠鲼机器鱼,并分析了SMA 丝 的热力学特性,确定了控制规律．该机器鱼外形与双吻前口蝠鲼外形相似,身体呈现扁平形状,有一对三角形的柔 性仿生胸鳍,直线游动速度达到79 mm/s,最小转弯半径为118 mm．该机器鱼游动稳定性好,无噪声．     

基于微舵机控制的仿生鱼设计与实验分析

设计了微舵机控制的仿生鱼,结合鱼胸鳍和鱼尾鳍的配合动作,完成一系列的游弋动作。其中根据鱼类"波动推进理论"的游动机理,实现仿生鱼的前进、转弯运动;根据鱼类"胸鳍法理论"实现上浮、下潜运动;提出加减速游动方案,通过修改X值的方法,实现仿生鱼的加减速游。组装并进行水上模拟实验和水下实际实验,调试仿生鱼的各动作协调性,分析仿生鱼在水中的静态平衡和动态平衡问题。     

基于CPG模型的仿生机器鱼运动控制

仿生机器鱼的研究已经成为一个富有挑战性的热点问题.为了控制机器鱼自身的运动和姿态,本文研究了胸鳍对机器鱼运动的影响,并且基于CPG模型,提出了一种运动控制方法.采用的控制模型由4个振荡器构成,可根据反馈的信息产生节律信号以控制机器鱼胸鳍和尾鳍的运动.根据CPG模型参数与反馈输入之间的关系,设计了机器鱼俯仰和转弯反馈控制方法,利用反馈的信息自主调节CPG参数,达到控制胸鳍运动模式的目的.仿真实验验证了控制模型和反馈策略的有效性.     

具有嵌入式视觉的仿生机器鱼头部的平稳性控制

具有嵌入式视觉的仿生机器鱼的摄像头往往安装在头部,为了获取稳定的图像数据,研究了游动过程中头部的平稳性控制问题.首先,基于牛顿-欧拉方法对仿生机器鱼的水动力学进行建模.然后,基于动力学模型,比较了两种鱼体波模型下的机器鱼头部摆动情况.进一步地采用遗传算法对输入到运动关节的参数进行优化,实现机器鱼头部的最小摆动.最后,在自主设计的具有嵌入式视觉的仿生机器鱼上进行了实验.结果表明,在平稳性控制后,头部的摆动幅度明显减小,采集到的图像的稳定性与连续性有较大改进,但游动速度有所降低.该方法为基于嵌入式视觉的运动控制与任务执行提供了有效保障.     

仿生机器鱼运动学模型优化与实验

以仿生学为基础的机器鱼是一种新型水下机器人,具有高速、高效、节能等方面优势。为进一步探索仿生机器鱼的运动机理,指出了当前仿生机器鱼运动学模型存在的不足,即未考虑因制造、鱼体结构的影响,而产生的头部左右摆动。故在考虑仿生机器鱼头部摆动的情况下,构建头部摆动方程,引入摆动偏移量,修正其运动学模型。利用MATLAB对模型进行优化,分析结果表明修正后的运动学模型更能够描述实体仿生机器鱼的游动特性。最后,将修正后的运动学模型,运用到三关节仿生机器鱼上进行实验,结果表明,该模型能够有效地抑制仿生机器鱼头部摆动,进而提高了仿生机器鱼的游动速度。     

胸鳍推进型机器鱼的CPG 控制及实现

结合仿生游动机理,针对胸鳍推进型机器鱼提出了一种基于中枢模式发生器（CPG）的运动控制方法． 该模型采用一类振荡频率和幅值可以独立控制的非线性微分方程作为其神经元振荡器模型,通过最近相邻耦合的方 式,对n 个这样的神经元振荡器进行耦合,构建了仿生机器鱼的CPG 网络模型．证明了此模型单个神经元振荡器的 极限环的存在性、唯一性及稳定性．在此基础上,通过对胸鳍推进的运动学分析,导出机器人直游、倒游、胸鳍—尾 鳍协调运动等多种模式的运动控制方法．仿真及实验结果验证了此中枢模式发生器模型的可行性与所提控制方法的 有效性．     

微小型仿生机器鱼设计与实时路径规划

提出一种结构紧凑, 运动灵活, 装配多传感器, 可自主游动的微小型仿生机器鱼系统设计方案. 在仿鲹科加月牙尾模式鱼类运动研究的基础上, 给出了微小型机器鱼推进、转弯等运动的控制方法. 结合运动控制和传感器信息处理, 给出了基于红外传感器的自主避障算法和基于光敏传感器的主动趋光算法, 进而提出了基于这两种传感器信息感知的动态光源跟踪方法. 通过实验, 给出了机器鱼尾部摆动频率、幅度和运动速度之间的关系, 验证了机器鱼追踪动态光源算法, 表明了本文所提系统设计方案和算法的有效性.     

胸鳍摆动推进仿生鱼研究进展与分析

作为一种新颖的应用于仿生机器鱼制作的推进模式,胸鳍摆动推进模式因其具有的独特优势而引起国内外科研人员的重视。本文系统介绍了国内外采用摆动胸鳍推进的仿生鱼的研究现状,重点分析了此类仿生鱼样机的结构特征和推进性能。通过对现有研究成果的分析,得出了胸鳍摆动推进式仿生的研究发展趋势。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.