普通、半有效和有效硫化体系的NR/BR共混胶料的疲劳寿命曲线方程*

研究了采用普通、半有效和有效硫化体系的ＮＲ／ＢＲ（共混比为７０／３０）硫化胶在同一表观交联密度下的疲劳寿命,比较了３种硫化体系硫化胶的疲劳特征参数β和Ｃ０值,并采用指数函数模型拟合出３种硫化体系硫化胶的疲劳寿命ＳＮ曲线方程,其中最大相对偏差只有－６５２％,相关系数均大于０９５３５,可较好地描述不同硫化体系的ＮＲ／ＢＲ共混胶料的动态疲劳过程。     

活性剂FT对NR和BR及SBR胶料性能的影响

研究了橡胶活性剂ＦＴ与氧化锌不同并用比对ＮＲ,ＢＲ和ＳＢＲ胶料硫化特性和硫化胶物理性能的影响。试验结果表明,在ＮＲ和ＢＲ及ＳＢＲ胶料配方中活性剂ＦＴ可以等量替代４０％～６０％的氧化锌（即活性剂ＦＴ／氧化锌的最佳并用比为２．０／３．０～３．０／２．０）,而胶料的硫化特性基本保持不变,硫化胶物理性能稍有改善。     

不同共混比Ln—BR／NR的性能

研究了稀土顺丁橡胶（Ｌｎ－ＢＲ）与天然橡胶（ＮＲ）以不同比例共混后生胶、混炼胶和硫化胶的性能，并与相同条件下的镍系顺丁橡胶（Ｎｉ－ＢＲ）／ＮＲ共混胶的性能进行了对比，结果表明，共混胶随Ｌｎ－ＢＲ用量的增大，ＭＬ＾１００℃１＋４降低，工艺行为良好，硫化胶力学性能、磨耗、湿滑指数和生热值下降，并且Ｌｎ－ＢＲ／ＮＲ硫化胶的抗湿滑性和动态疲劳性均优于Ｎｉ－ＢＲ／ＮＲ硫化胶。     

彩色全橡塑铁饼的研制

彩色全橡塑铁饼由芯胶和外层胶复合组成。芯胶的胶料配方为：ＳＢＲ再生胶１００;硫酸钡２００或５００（对应２或１ｋｇ的毛坯质量）;氧化锌２;硬脂酸１;防老剂Ｄ０５;石蜡０５;硫黄５３;促进剂ＤＭ１２;促进剂Ｄ０３;机油适量。外层胶的胶料配方为：ＳＢＲ３０;ＮＲ３０;高苯乙烯４０;氧化锌５;硬脂酸５;硫酸钡１００;白炭黑１０;古马隆树脂３;防老剂Ｄ１５;石蜡０５;硫黄２５;促进剂ＣＺ１７;促进剂Ｍ０３;着色剂适量。产品色泽鲜艳、手感好,质量和体积均符合国家１９９２田径竞赛规则要求     

反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯硫化胶及其共混硫化胶的研究

研究了反式－１，４－聚异戊二烯（ＴＰＩ）硫化胶及其与ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＮＲ共混硫化胶的性能。结果表明，通过控制硫黄用量即交联密度，可使ＴＰＩ硫化胶具有优异的力学和动态力学性能；ＴＰＩ与ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＮＲ共混，工艺性能良好，当ＴＰＩ／ＢＲ，ＴＰＩ／ＳＢＲ和ＴＰＩ／ＮＲ共混比小于５０／５０时，共混硫化胶的力学和动态力学性能优于ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ和ＮＲ硫化胶，特别是拉伸疲劳寿命大大延长，这正是高性能轮胎所需要的     

350-10高速无内胎摩托车轮胎的研制

介绍３５０－１０高速无内胎摩托车轮胎的结构和配方设计参数。硫化模型断面高宽比Ｈ／Ｂ为１０２３，Ｃ／Ｂ为０７４４２，Ｈ１／Ｈ２为０９１３０，ｂ／Ｂ为１０４７，ｈ／Ｈ为０２９５５；花纹选用混合花纹；气密层胶采用ＣＩＲ／ＮＲ（７０／３０）并用。该轮胎机床试验高速性能达１５０ｋｍ／ｈ×３０ｍｉｎ，气密性良好。     

硫化剂DL-268在NR/SBR胶料中的应用

研究了硫化剂ＤＬ－２６８对ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ胶料各项性能的影响,试验结果表明,在ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ胶料中加入２份硫化剂ＤＬ－２６８,可改进抗硫化返原性,提高硫化胶在热氧老化或过硫化状态下的物理性能及胶－帘线之间的粘合力,降低硫化胶的疲劳温升。所得结果与所选择的试验配方构成有关。     

不同补强体系胶料疲劳断裂性能的研究

应用断裂力学理论定性和定量地研究了ＮＲ和ＢＲ／ＮＲ（并用比为７０／３０）胶料在添加不同炭黑补强体系（ＨＡＦ,ＩＳＡＦ和ＳＡＦ）时的动态疲劳过程。用分子论观战描述了胶料的动态疲劳过程,结合断裂特征参数β和Ｃ０对Ｓ－Ｎ曲线进行了分析比较。结果表明,在添加ＨＡＦ,ＩＳＡＦ和ＳＡＦ这３种补强体系的胶料中,随着补强体系粒径的减小,其抗裂纹扩展性变差,但胶料内部潜在缺陷减少。     

精细胶粉的应用研究

研究了６０．８０。１００１２０目等４种精细胶偻（ＦＲＰ０的基本性能及其在胎面胶中的应用。结果表明，随ＦＲＰ精细化程度增加，掺用５０份ＦＲＰ后ＮＲ硫化胶的拉伸强度和扯屡伸长率均有提高；ＮＲ／ＢＲ并用胎面胶混炼胶的 尼度降低，胶料流动性增加，挤出物外观等级提高；ＮＲ／ＢＲ共混硫化胶的伸强度、扯断伸长率及热空气老化系数提高，撕裂强度 尔Ａ型硬度有所下降，而生热、动态疲劳和磨耗量等均在８０－１００目处出现     

NR海绵胶辊的研制

介绍了ＮＲ海绵胶辊的研制。胶辊的胶层胶料配方确定为：ＮＲ（３＃烟胶片）１００;高耐磨炭黑＋喷雾炭黑＋碳酸钙１２０～１５０;１０＃机油＋松焦油１０～２０;硫黄＋促进剂ＮＯＢＳ２８～３２;发泡剂ＯＢＳＨ＋碳酸氢钠３～５;氧化锌＋硬脂酸８;防老剂Ａ＋防老剂Ｄ３～４。硫化海绵胶的视密度为０３Ｍｇ·ｍ－３。胶料混炼时,混炼胶的门尼粘度值控制在３５～４５之间;胶辊成型时,包布的张力为３００～５００Ｎ,铁丝的缠绕张力为８００～１２００Ｎ;胶辊的硫化温度为１４０～１５０℃,硫化时间为６０～１５０ｍｉｎ;胶辊的车削和磨削工艺参数应严格控制     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.