反应性增黏树脂的合成及改性丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶研究

丙烯酸松香与丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯发生部分酯化反应可制得既含双键又含羧基的丙烯酸松香单-2-(丙烯酰氧基)乙酯(ARAE),将ARAE溶解在丙烯酸酯单体中,通过乳液共聚法使聚丙烯酸酯分子链中直接接上松香增黏基团。用红外光谱仪和差示扫描量热分析仪对其进行了分析,实验结果表明:通过共聚实现了ARAE与丙烯酸酯分子链的有机结合,且两者相容性很好。在主配方不变的条件下,通过调节ARAE的用量,可得到性能良好的乳液型压敏胶。     

聚乙烯醇在阶段性热处理下的结构变化

聚乙烯醇(PVA)在热处理作用下会逐渐发生侧基脱除、断链、环化等复杂的副反应。通过阶段性热处理方法,可望在减少副反应的同时在分子主链上生成双键,从而得到类似聚乙炔的共轭聚合物。文中以PVA1799为原料,通过阶段性加热法,利用在线红外技术,研究了PVA在氮气气氛下不同温度热处理后的结构变化。热处理温度范围为30~330℃,在150℃,180℃,210℃,240℃,270℃,300℃和330℃每个温度点停留30 min。研究发现,PVA的熔点为210℃,在240℃开始发生结构变化,并在分子主链生成双键和羰基。当温度超过300℃,有少量二氧化碳(CO_2)放出,开始出现更为复杂的副反应。     

可降解功能性聚合物多孔材料的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

通过己内酯(CL)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)共聚合成可降解大分子交联剂,将其应用于高内相乳液聚合制备可降解聚合物多孔材料。在此基础上,引入端双键的聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)大分子单体共聚,制备含功能链段的可降解聚合物多孔材料。用核磁共振、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜等对大分子交联剂、大分子单体及多孔材料进行分析和表征。结果表明,合成的大分子交联剂相对分子质量为8100,残留双键含量为GMA结构单元的20%。当大分子交联剂含量为单体质量的1/10时,体系可以形成稳定的高内相乳液,经聚合可得到内部孔洞丰富、泡孔直径为20~22μm的可降解聚合物多孔材料。引入端双键的PDMAEMA大分子单体后,所得聚合物多孔材料孔壁泡孔直径为10~15μm,微孔尺寸为5~8μm,其可在碱性溶液中水解。     

二氧化碳/环氧丙烷/马来酸酐的三元共聚反应

研究了以负载双金属PBM型为催化剂,通过二氧化碳(CO2),环氧丙烷(PO)与马来酸酐(MA)的三元开环共聚反应,得到一种三元共聚物聚碳酸亚丙酯马来酸酐(PPCMA)。用FT-IR1、H-NMR1、3C-NMR、DSC、WAXD对PPCMA进行了表征。结果表明,成功地引入了马来酸酐单元,且共聚过程中不发生双键交联和构型转化。有效地提高了聚合物的特性粘数[η],玻璃化转变温度Tg以及热稳定性。     

可降解功能性聚合物多孔材料的制备与表征

通过己内酯(CL)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)共聚合成可降解大分子交联剂,将其应用于高内相乳液聚合制备可降解聚合物多孔材料。在此基础上,引入端双键的聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)大分子单体共聚,制备含功能链段的可降解聚合物多孔材料。用核磁共振、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜等对大分子交联剂、大分子单体及多孔材料进行分析和表征。结果表明,合成的大分子交联剂相对分子质量为8100,残留双键含量为GMA结构单元的20%。当大分子交联剂含量为单体质量的1/10时,体系可以形成稳定的高内相乳液,经聚合可得到内部孔洞丰富、泡孔直径为20~22μm的可降解聚合物多孔材料。引入端双键的PDMAEMA大分子单体后,所得聚合物多孔材料孔壁泡孔直径为10~15μm,微孔尺寸为5~8μm,其可在碱性溶液中水解。     

CO2共聚单体及产物改性的研究进展

CO2共聚物的研究开发在环境保护、资源再利用及新材料研究领域中都具有重要的意义。CO2共聚单体是影响其共聚产物结构、性能及成本的重要因素。文中综述了与CO2催化共聚的各类单体的研究进展及产物理化性能的特点,这些单体主要包括环氧化合物、烯类化合物和可再生型环氧烷烃;并介绍了通过三元共聚以调控分子链单元与分子链结构,从而改善聚合产物的理化性能。进一步就今后CO2催化共聚的发展方向进行了探讨。     

含悬垂双键聚酯醚的一步法合成及改性

以聚己内酯(PCL)与烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为反应物,利用膦腈碱t-BuP_4同时催化酯交换反应和阴离子开环反应,制备含悬垂双键的聚酯醚。在此基础上,通过"巯基-双键"点击化学反应对合成的聚合物进行改性,得到侧链含羟基的可降解聚酯醚。通过核磁共振、三检测凝胶渗透色谱、差示扫描量热等对聚合物进行结构分析和表征。结果表明AGE既能被t-BuP_4催化发生开环反应,也能同时与PCL发生酯交换反应,最终形成主链含悬垂双键的聚酯醚。当PCL中CL结构单元与单体AGE的摩尔比为2∶1时,所得共聚物的相对分子质量从8.2×10~3增加到9.5×10~3,结晶度也由61.6%降低到31.1%。共聚物中AGE链段的含量始终与投料比接近,其悬垂双键能够成功被2-巯基乙醇改性,制备侧链含羟基的可降解聚酯醚。     

阻燃型α-苯乙烯磷酸/MMA共聚物的合成及性能

利用PC l3和苯乙酮合成含有活性双键的α-苯乙烯磷酸(PVPA),再将PVPA与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行自由基共聚,使含磷阻燃基团以共价键方式结合在聚合物分子链上。通过DSC、TGA、LO I等测其各种性能。结果表明,阻燃聚合物P(MM A/PVPA)相比于均聚物PMM A,玻璃化转变温度Tg、热分解温度和LO I值均得到了提高,成炭率也得到了增加。     

三聚甲醛和环氧乙烷的本体共聚

研究了三聚甲醛与环氧乙烷的本体共聚，讨论了共单体环氧乙烷的用量、催化剂用量、聚合时间及聚合温度对共聚甲醛的收率及产物热稳定部分的影响；同时比较了共单体环氧乙烷和二氧五环对共聚的效果。结果表明，成本较低的环氧乙烷与三聚甲醛的共聚产物，其热碱稳定部分较高、分子量也较大。因此这一条共聚路线是较有利的工艺路线。     

利用封端剂提高共聚甲醛的热碱稳定产物收率的研究

共聚甲醛大分子链含有对热不稳定的半缩醛基，必须经热碱后处理使之稳定，因而产物损失较大。为此研究了在三聚甲醛与环氧乙烷或三聚甲醛与二氧五环溶融 共聚体系中，通过封端剂甲缩缩或二乙氧基甲烷的使用，对热碱稳定的共聚甲醛的收率提高了３％左右。比较两种共单体，发现用环氧化乙烷共单体并在封端剂存在下，更有利于得到高的热碱稳定产物的收率。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.