改进的UKF在惯导平台误差模型辨识中的应用

为减小建模误差,建立了基于直接法进行惯导平台误差模型辨识的非线性模型.Unscented Kalman滤波(UKF)是一种新的非线性滤波算法,为此将其引入惯导平台的误差模型辨识中.针对系统模型的特点,对标准UKF算法进行了简化改进.改进的UKF算法计算量小、结构简单,滤波精度与标准UKF一致.同时应用扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)算法和改进的UKF算法进行了惯导平台误差模型辨识仿真研究.仿真结果表明,与EKF算法相比,改进的UKF算法的滤波精度显著提高.     

改进的UKF在惯导平台误差模型辨识中的应用

为减小建模误差,建立了基于直接法进行惯导平台误差模型辨识的非线性模型.Unscented Kalman滤波(UKF)是一种新的非线性滤波算法,为此将其引入惯导平台的误差模型辨识中.针对系统模型的特点,对标准UKF算法进行了简化改进.改进的UKF算法计算量小,结构简单,滤波精度与标准UKF一致.同时应用扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)算法和改进的UKF算法进行了惯导平台误差模型辨识仿真研究.仿真结果表明,与EKF算法相比,改进的UKF算法的滤波精度显著提高.

     

大气高度辅助的惯导/SAR组合自适应算法研究

在组合惯导系统优化问题的研究中,SAR图像匹配导航仅能提供对惯性导航误差水平位置修正,无法获得高度信息.为改善基于经典控制理论设计的惯性/大气阻尼高度通道性能,充分体现大气和惯性导航两者结合的优势,提出了利用大气高度辅助惯性/SAR的组合导航方案.在深入分析惯性/大气高度阻尼系统工作原理的基础上,设计了考虑大气动态测量误差的组合模型;为有效提升组合系统在跨音速等高动态飞行条件下的导航性能,提出了改进的采用大气高度辅助的惯导/SAR组合自适应Sage-Husa方法.最后仿真可行性结果表明,提出的大气高度辅助的惯导/SAR自适应组合滤波方法可以有效改善跨音速等高动态环境下的组合系统性能.     

高精度组合导航系统仿真

以车载捷联惯导系统SINS与全球定位系统GPS的组合导航系统为研究对象,为了解决常规卡尔曼滤波器在非线性时变系统中由于线性化误差导致滤波发散的问题,将UKF算法引入到SINS/GPS组合导航系统。UKF同时适用于线性系统和非线性系统,且不需要对噪声的统计特性精确已知。通过建立SINS/GPS组合模型,对其进行了MATLAB仿真。对比常规卡尔曼滤波器与UKF算法的滤波效果可知,UKF算法提高导航解的精度和收敛速度,同时系统的鲁棒性也得到了提高。     

一种红外导引头量测误差抑制方法研究

针对自寻的反坦克导弹的红外导引头由于受复杂背景和随机干扰影响测角精度不高的问题,提出了一种惯导信息辅助的无迹卡尔曼滤波方法;利用惯导信息描述导弹自身的运动,基于弹目信息状态变量构建弹目相对运动模型,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波方法实现对导引头量测误差的抑制;该方法实现了导引头量测信息与惯导信息的融合,充分利用信息资源,抑制导引头量测误差,提高了导弹的打击精度,仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性.     

捷联导引头目标视线角速率重构方法研究

捷联导引头测量信息中耦合有弹体姿态信息不能直接被比例导引所用.实现了从捷联导引头和弹体角速率信息中重构出目标视线角速率,并运用四阶龙格库塔法建立离散模型,避免迭代发散.捷联导引头大的瞬时视场带来大的背景噪声,任何用于重构系统的测量信息噪声都会反映到重构出的目标视线角速率中去.针对系统模型参数噪声与状态噪声并存的问题,从模型中分离开参数和状态,设计了Joint UKF和Dual UKF提取目标视线信息,简化了系统噪声模型,降低滤波器对噪声标定不准确的敏感性.通过弹目拦截仿真验证了目标视线角速率重构方法的正确性,验证了采用离散方法的合理性,验证了设计的滤波器能有效提取目标视线角速率.     

大方位失准角传递对准非线性模型研究

针对惯导系统大方位失准角传递对准的非线性误差方程不准确问题,同时考虑杆臂效应和挠曲变形两种主要误差因素来建立挠曲变形和杆臂效应加速度一体化误差模型,从而完善惯导系统大方位失准角传递对准非线性模型.针对非线性滤波的稳定性和快速性问题,采用比例修正无味卡尔曼(UKF)滤波模型估计姿态失准角,并采用速度匹配算法对模型的正确性和滤波的有效性进行仿真验证.结果表明,该模型在大方位失准角传递对准时可以满足对准精度和时间的要求.     

SINS大失准角初始对准的改进算法研究

在捷联导航系统优化控制的研究中,捷联惯导系统(SINS)初始对准的误差方程存在是非线性,对于静基座初始对准造成误差较大。传统采用的方法是将失准角视为小角度,可将误差模型线性化,利用KF完成静基座的初始对准。但是对于动基座大失准角来说,多采用非线性滤波方式来解决,建立误差模型,并采用UKF滤波进行数据融合。由于非线性模型的噪声参数未知等原因,常规的UKF可能会出现滤波发散现象,为解决上述问题,提出采用自适应方法的UKF来对建立的非线性模型进行滤波。仿真结果表明,在大失准角情况下,采用非线性模型的AUKF比UKF滤波具有更好的对准精度和更快的收敛速度,可为优化设计提供参考。     

基于捷联惯导/里程计的车载高精度定位定向方法研究

研究了一种基于捷联惯导系统和里程计进行车载高精度定位定向的方法;采用里程计与捷联惯导中的陀螺仪构成航位推算系统,建立了航位推算系统的误差模型;为了增强航位推算姿态误差的估计效果,将载车姿态与位置信息一起作为量测,构建组合定位定向的量测方程;采用Sage-Husa自适应滤波设计捷联惯导/里程计组合定位定向算法,以增强算法对外界环境和载车机动的鲁棒性;仿真结果表明,基于捷联惯导/里程计的车载定位定向方法能够达到±20.4m(3σ)的定位精度,航向精度达到±3.1′(3σ),水平姿态精度达到±0.6′(3σ)。     

UKF滤波在MIMU/GPS组合导航系统中的应用

微惯性测量组件(MIMU)的陀螺和加速度计随机误差较大,系统短时间内的计算误差发散很快,本文推导了惯导误差的Φ角非线性模型,模型的状态变量包括:位置误差,速度误差,数学平台的姿态误差角,陀螺和加速度计的常值偏置.MIMU经过初始对准后,方位误差角可能仍然很大,误差具有较强的非线性,本文使用UKF滤波方法来对误差进行估计,利用GPS来辅助MIMU进行组合导航,通过输出和反馈互相结合的混合校正方式提高了导航精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.