频繁项集快速挖掘及更新算法

为了克服Apriori发现频繁项集存在的问题,提出了一种基于三维项集矩阵和向量(TIMV)的频繁项集挖掘算法.该算法摆脱了Apriori框架的束缚,仅需扫描数据库一次,不产生候选项目集.当事务数据库和最小支持度发生变化时,该算法只需重新遍历一次项集矩阵,即可得到新的频繁项集.实验结果表明,算法能有效提高频繁项目集的挖掘和更新效率.     

基于线性链表的Apriori算法的改进

Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘的一个经典算法,它使用一种称作逐层搜索的迭代方法,用(k-1)项集来探索k项集。每探索一个k项集,Apriori算法都需要扫描一次完整数据库。不断扫描数据库是影响Apriori算法运行效率的主要原因。文中基于线性链表对Apriori算法提出了一种改进方法。通过对数据库进行转换,以缩小探索k-项集时扫描的数据库,提高算法运行效率。     

基于布尔矩阵Apriori算法的改进研究

为了高效且快速地从事务数据库中生成频繁项集,在研究基于布尔矩阵Apriori算法的基础上,提出一种改进算法PM Apriori(Prune Matrix Apriori)算法。此算法充分利用矩阵的存储与运算特性,仅扫描数据库一次,不需要生成候选集,有效地提高算法的运算效率,在算法执行过程不断对存储矩阵进行修剪压缩,节省了内存空间和扫描矩阵的时间,并通过算法示例与算法性能对比分析证明所提出的改进算法具有良好的时间特性和空间特性。     

加权频繁项集挖掘算法在超市商品捆绑销售中的应用

引入一种新的加权关联规则支持度和置信度的计算方法,并利用矩阵的存储结构提出一种新的加权关联规则挖掘算法,从而改进了加权频繁项集的挖掘效率.该算法在Apriori算法的基础上,对数据库仅需扫描一次,能很快地计算项集的支持度,大大减少了I/O次数,有效提高了加权频繁项集的生成效率.通过应用于超市捆绑销售,证明了该算法能有效地提取商品间的关联信息,有助于商品的销售.     

基于矩阵的Apriori改进算法研究

针对关联规则中Apriori算法的不足之处,提出两种基于矩阵的Apriori改进算法.改进算法充分利用矩阵这一工具,以大幅度减少扫描数据库的次数和计算成本,进而有效提高算法的运算效率.同时,通过实例应用和算法性能分析证明所提出的两种改进算法都是有效的关联规则挖掘方法,且比Apriori算法具有更好的性能.     

一种改进的加权关联规则挖掘算法

基于经典Apriori算法的加权关联规则挖掘算法New-Apriori存在3个问题,需要多次扫描数据库,权值定义不合理和权值的引入导致Apriori基本性质不再成立。为了解决这些问题,采用将矩阵和加权关联规则算法相结合的方法,该改进算法具有只需要扫描一次数据库,权值的定义既考虑到了权重大的项目,也没有忽略频繁出现而权重小的项目,并引入K-项支持期望作为减枝的依据的特点。     

基于Apriori数据挖掘算法的信息推荐图书管理系统设计

传统应用于图书管理系统的Apriori算法因数据库扫描次数过多,以及候选项集数量过大导致系统运行缓慢,为解决此问题,设计基于改进Apriori数据挖掘算法的信息推荐图书管理系统。系统结合C/S架构与B/S架构,分别向图书馆工作人员和借阅者开放图书信息。系统功能模块中数据预处理子模块从读者借阅数据库中提取借阅者以及图书相关信息数据,对数据进行清洗、转换以及集成处理后,关联规则挖掘子模块利用改进Apriori算法依据处理后的数据,挖掘出支持度大于最小支持度阈值以及置信度大于最小置信度阈值的强关联规则,生成关联规则数据库。个性化信息推荐子模块依据关联规则数据库中的借阅者同借阅者所选图书进行关联匹配,向借阅者推送与所读图书相关联图书信息,实现图书信息的个性化推荐。实验结果表明,该系统可有效推荐图书关联信息,且在50个客户端同时运行的情况下CPU占有率仅为6.58%,运行性能佳。     

一种基于项目编码的关联规则改进算法

针对传统的Apriori算法在挖掘布尔型关联规则的频繁项集中需不断扫描数据库,在时间与空间上都存在很大的冗余,尤其在处理海量稠密数据时,算法性能急剧下降的问题,本文从减少对数据集的扫描次数入手对Apriori算法进行改进,提出一种采用项目编码方式挖掘频繁项集的算法。最后通过实验结果证明改进后的算法在支持度较小情况下,在执行时间上比经典的Apriori算法的具有较高的执行效率。     

基于压缩矩阵方式的Apriori改进算法

针对关联规则中Apriori算法的不足之处,提出两种基于压缩矩阵方式的Apriori改进算法,改进算法充分利用矩阵并对其进行压缩,以大幅度减少扫描数据库的次数,并提高频繁项集的生成效率,从而有效提升算法的运算效率,同时,.,通过实例应用和算法性能兮析证明所提出的两种改进算法部是有效的关联规则挖掘方法。且比Apri算法具有最好的性能.     

一种基于云计算的关联规则Apriori算法

关联规则是数据挖掘的重要方法之一,它基于支持度和置信度等对规则进行选择,以生成有用的规则。传统的关联规则算法需要读取数据库计算频繁集,开销巨大。随着云计算的发展,MapReduce编程架构已经成为云计算中的重要技术,针对Apriori算法的不足,设计了一种算法将云计算MapReduce框架进行了适当改进,并在此基础上编写了Apriori算法,以解决Apriori算法扩展性差的弱点。实验表明：该算法能有效提高Apriori算法的性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.