Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Al-Mg-Sc Alloy Plates

采用搅拌摩擦焊对铝镁钪合金热轧板和冷轧-退火板进行焊接。测定焊接接头的硬度分布和拉伸力学性能,采用金相和透射电子显微技术分析焊缝区显微组织特征和力学性能的关系。结果表明,热轧板和冷轧-退火板搅拌摩擦焊焊接系数高达92%;焊接接头上焊核区硬度最低、拉伸断口位于焊核区;焊核区在热循环作用下发生部分再结晶导致的亚结构强化的减弱以及Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子共格强化作用的消失是搅拌摩擦焊焊核区强度下降的主要原因。     

Al-Li-Cu合金搅拌摩擦焊与TIG 焊接头组织及力学性能分析

组织分析表明,Al-Li-Cu TIG焊焊缝和搅拌摩擦焊焊核区均由等轴晶粒构成,但前者的晶粒尺寸较后者的大;TIG焊接头热影响区组织粗化程度较搅拌摩擦焊严重;搅拌摩擦焊接头内存在一独特的热机影响区,该区内的组织发生了较大程度的变形。实验结果表明铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊可避免形成TIG焊时的凝固裂纹等缺陷。搅拌摩擦焊接头的力学性能优于TIG焊接头,二者的拉伸强度分别为393MPa和337MPa,延伸率分别为14．4％和6．6％。     

航空铝合金超声搅拌复合焊工艺及机理

分别采用超声搅拌复合焊(USCW)和搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对厚度为1.8 mm的2524-T3航空铝合金薄板进行对接焊试验,对比分析USCW和FSW接头的外观、性能和微观组织。结果表明:USCW接头质量优于搅拌摩擦焊的,焊缝稳定性比FSW焊缝的好,USCW可实现近零缺陷焊接,而FSW焊缝缺陷率达50%以上。显微组织分析结果表明:USCW焊核区晶粒较搅拌摩擦焊更加细小、均匀;USCW焊缝热机影响区与热影响区较FSW的小。通过对超声搅拌复合焊的机理分析发现,超声波的热效应、体积效应和强振动效应,具有补偿焊缝中底部热量、强化金属塑性流动、细化和均匀组织的效果。     

409L铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接接头的组织及力学性能

采用W-Re合金搅拌工具对4 mm厚409L铁素体不锈钢板进行搅拌摩擦焊(FSW),利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机和显微硬度仪等研究了焊接接头的焊缝形貌、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明：采用转速为1000 r/min,焊速为80 mm/min的工艺参数可以获得力学性能良好、无缺陷的409L铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接接头。接头焊核区组织为高度细化的等轴铁素体晶粒，平均晶粒尺寸为17.3μm,并形成了大量的小角度晶界，是母材的3.66倍。焊缝的显微硬度分布呈“抛物线”形态，焊核区的硬度最高，为143 HV0.2,焊缝各区域的力学性能均高于母材。焊接接头的拉伸断裂在母材处，断裂形式为韧性断裂。     

基于搅拌摩擦点加工技术的TA15钛合金板及其TIG焊接接头组织及硬度（英文）

基于搅拌摩擦点焊加工技术(FSSP),对TA15钛合金TIG焊接接头的组织和硬度进行研究。采用金相分析和硬度测试方法,分别对TA15板材及其TIG焊接接头进行组织分析和硬度测试。结果表明,FSSP不但能有效改善TA15板材组织,而且可以提高其显微硬度,同时也可以改善TA15合金TIG焊接接头的显微微组织。焊核区平均显微硬度值显著提高,热影响区显微硬度值略有增加。搅拌区的硬度明显高于母材,且沿着宽度方向出现两个硬度峰值。经过FSSP之后,TA15合金TIG焊接接头焊核区的平均硬度值与FSSP之前相比,有了显著提高。此外,在所选工艺参数下,TA15板材及其TIG焊接接头经过FSSP之后,表面氧化均不明显,同时也发现,表面均出现晶粒细小的光亮白层组织。     

焊接方法对2219板材组织和力学性能的影响

分别采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)对2219铝合金大型锻环上切取的板材进行焊接,通过维氏硬度和拉伸试验对焊接接头的室温力学性能进行了测试,并采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜等手段对接头的显微组织进行了观察。结果表明,两种焊接方法都使2219铝合金的硬度、强度和塑性下降,FSW焊接接头的硬度、强度明显高于TIG焊接接头,但是塑性相当。这是由于FSW焊缝处的组织相对于TIG焊更加细小,而且分布有一定数量的析出相。FSW和TIG焊接接头的断裂模式为韧性和脆性混合断裂。FSW和TIG焊接接头断裂位置分别为热机影响区和熔合区。     

三层复合板铝/镁合金/铝FSW接头的微观组织与抗拉强度

摘 要:文中进行了不同焊接速度下三层复合板Al/ AZ31/Al 搅拌摩擦焊接（FSW）工艺试验,并观测分析了其接头成形、显微组织和拉伸性能。实验研究结果显示：在实验优化的工艺参数下,焊缝接头成形较好,其内部呈层状分布且未发现缺陷;焊核区（NZ）晶粒细化明显,大角晶界（HAGBs）和再结晶晶粒占比达80%;在焊缝前进侧带状组织区（BS）和镁、铝界面处存在金属间化合物（IMC）,主要为Al3Mg2和Al12Mg17;随焊速增加,焊接接头抗拉强度先增大后减小,在V=100mm/min时焊核区铝层晶粒平均尺寸为1.75μm,接头抗拉强度达到最大87.3MPa,是母材的50.8%。     

2024-T4铝合金水下搅拌摩擦焊接研究

分别在空气和循环水冷条件下对2024-T4铝合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊接(friction stir welding,FSW),研究了水冷介质对FSW接头组织性能的影响.结果表明:循环水冷介质具有明显的瞬时快冷作用,水冷介质下FSW可以显著细化晶粒,并抑制焊核区析出相的生长,焊核区的平均晶粒尺寸达到700 nm,析出相尺寸达到30～200 nm.水冷介质减弱了FSW接头的热软化效应,改善了接头的组织和性能,使焊核区HV显微硬度值提高了234 MPa,接头抗拉强度提高了52.2 MPa,但试样延伸率有所下降.     

铝锌镁钪锆合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

通过对铝锌镁钪锆合金热轧板进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,对合金焊接接头的力学性能和焊接接头各个区域的微观组织进行了分析.结果表明,沿焊接接头焊缝横截面的显微硬度呈W形分布,硬度最高处位于焊核区,硬度最低处位于距焊缝中心12mm的热影响区,焊接接头焊接系数达到0.90;焊核区大小为1～2μm的再结晶等轴晶粒,基材中的析出相被破碎和部分溶解为细小的圆颗粒;热机影响区的晶粒发生了强烈的弯曲变形,晶内析出相由片状转变为短棒状;热影响区的晶粒发生了明显长大,析出相也明显粗化;焊接接头拉伸断口都发生在热影响区内.     

1060铝搅拌摩擦焊与TIG焊接头组织和性能分析

对4 mm厚1060铝分别进行了搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和钨极氩弧焊(TIG),焊后对FSW和TIG接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:FSW接头的焊核区发生了动态再结晶,形成了细小的等轴晶粒;热机影响区受搅拌头机械搅拌和焊接热循环的综合作用组织发生了较大程度的变形;热影响区组织发生粗化现象。TIG接头组织表现出明显的铸态组织,且靠近熔池的柱状晶沿母材向对接中心线显著长大。力学试验表明:FSW接头的抗拉强度优于TIG接头的抗拉强度,约为TIG接头的1.5倍。两种接头的断裂形式均为韧性断裂;两种接头的显微硬度最低值均出现在热影响区,且FSW接头的显微硬度优于TIG接头。     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and FSW Joints of a New Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr Alloy

A new Al-5.8%Mg-0.4%Mn-0.25%Sc-0.10%Zr (wt.%) alloy was successfully welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) techniques, respectively. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints were investigated by microhardness measurements, tensile tests, and microscopy methods. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to failure are 358, 234 MPa, and 27.6% for TIG welded joint, and 376, 245 MPa and 31.9% for FSW joint, respectively, showing high strength and superior ductility. The TIG welded joint fails in the heat-affected zone and the fracture of FSW joint is located in stirred zone. Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy is characterized by lots of dislocation tangles and secondary coherent Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles. The superior mechanical properties of the TIG and FSW joints are mainly derived from the Orowan strengthening and grain boundary strengthening caused by secondary coherent Al₃(Sc,Zr) nano-particles (20-40 nm). For new Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy, the positive effect from secondary Al₃(Sc, Zr) particles in the base metal can be better preserved in FSW joint than in TIG welded joint.     

Microstructure and Properties of TIG/FSW Welded Joints of a New Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

A new Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy with low Sc content was welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) techniques. The microstructure and properties of those two welded joints were investigated by property tests and microstructural observations. The results show that the new Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy has desirable welding property. The ultimate tensile strength and welding coefficient of the TIG joint reach 405 MPa and 76.7%, respectively, and in FSW joint those property values reach 490 MPa and 92.6%, respectively. The studied base metal has a deformed fibrous subgrains structure, many nano-scaled Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles, and very fine aging precipitates. In the TIG joint, the fusion zone consists of coarsened dendritic grains and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) has fibrous micro-scaled subgrains. The FSW welded joint is characterized by a weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and HAZ. Due to plastic deformation around the rotating pin and anti-recrystallized effectiveness of Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles, the weld nugget zone has a very fine subgrain structure. The TMAZ experiences some dissolution of aging precipitates. Coarsening of aging precipitates was observed in the HAZ. The better mechanical properties of the FSW joint are derived from a fine subgrain structure and homogeneous chemical compositions.     

含钪Al-Cu-Li合金氩弧焊接头组织与性能

为了探索新型含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金板材的焊接接头性能,采用氩弧焊接工艺对该合金的T6峰时效态板材进行了焊接.采用室温拉伸力学性能试验、金相显微镜和透射电镜研究了焊缝的显微组织和力学性能之间的关系.结果表明,在氩弧焊条件下,采用钪与锆、锰等多组元复合微合金化焊丝对含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金板材进行焊接,焊接接头的强度系数达到65%,拉伸试验断口发生在热影响区内,微量钪对焊接接头具有晶粒细化强化作用和直接析出强化作用.     

2219铝合金焊接接头晶间腐蚀行为

采用晶间腐蚀试验及极化曲线测试方法对2219铝合金母材、搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）及钨极氩弧焊（TIG）接头的腐蚀行为进行分析,借助金相显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、体视显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析腐蚀形貌及腐蚀产物.结果表明,2219铝合金母材及焊接接头的腐蚀行为主要与析出相有关,Al₂Cu的析出导致贫铜的无沉淀带作为阳极优先溶解.母材的抗晶间腐蚀能力最差,由表面点蚀开始,沿轧制方向逐渐发展为剥落腐蚀;TIG焊次之,表现为网状晶间腐蚀;FSW焊最低,焊核表现为点蚀,散落分布于表面.     

Tungsten Inert Gas and Friction Stir Welding Characteristics of 4-mm-Thick 2219-T87 Plates at Room Temperature and −196 °C

2219-T87 aluminum alloy is widely used for fabricating liquid rocket propellant storage tank, due to its admirable cryogenic property. Welding is the dominant joining method in the manufacturing process of aerospace components. In this study, the tungsten inert gas welding and friction stir welding (FSW) characteristics of 4-mm-thick 2219-T87 alloy plate at room temperature (25 °C) and deep cryogenic temperature (?196 °C) were investigated by property measurements and microscopy methods. The studied 2219 base alloy exhibits a low strength plane anisotropy and excellent room temperature and cryogenic mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength values of TIG and FSW welding joints can reach 265 and 353 MPa at room temperature, and 342 and 438 MPa at ?196 °C, respectively. The base metal consists of elongated deformed grains and many nano-scaled θ (Al₂Cu) aging precipitates. Fusion zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the TIG joint are characterized by coarsening dendritic grains and equiaxed recrystallized grains, respectively. The FSW-welded joint consists of the weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and HAZ. In the weld nugget zone, a micro-scaled sub-grain structure is the main microstructure characteristic. The TMAZ and HAZ are both characterized by coarsened aging precipitates and elongated deformed grains. The excellent FSW welding properties are attributed to the preservation of the working structures and homogenous chemical compositions.     

Al-Cu based welding wire with minor Sc-Zr alloying and its application

1　INTRODUCTION2 195aluminum lithiumalloyisanewkindofaerospacestructuralmaterialswithlowdensity ,highspecificstrengthandspecificmodulusaswellasexcel lentlowtemperature performances[13] .Although2 195alloyhasexcellentcombinedproperties ,thereisstillaproblemofhowtoguaranteeitsweldingjointwithalsosuch goodcombined properties[4 ] .Duetotheinfluenceofweldingheatinputduringwelding ,microstructureandpropertiesofaluminum lithiumal loywillbechangedalot,andthestrengthofHAZ(heat affectedzone)obtaine…     

含铒铝合金TIG焊接头组织与性能

为了研究Er元素对焊缝的强化作用及机理,对含Er元素铝合金进行TIG重熔焊试验,通过对接头组织结构观察和力学性能测试,发现在焊缝的晶界处有初生Al3Er相析出,但与母材相比析出相数量较少,在晶界处未形成连续的环状,次生Al3Er相在焊缝中也有析出,但数量极少,Er元素将以固溶态和偏析的形式存在.Er元素对焊接接头的强化...     

Friction stir welding of thick plates of Al–Mg–Sc alloy

A technology is developed for single-pass friction stir welding (FSW) of 11- and 35-mm-thick plates of Al–Mg–Sc alloys. The microstructural and mechanical heterogeneity of the welded joints is investigated. The welded joints obtained under the optimum welding conditions are free from macrodefects. The strength of the welded joint equals 98% of the strength of the parent metal, which is higher than the strength of fusion-welded joints. It is concluded that the FSW of thick plates of Al–Mg–Sc alloy can be used efficiently in practice.     

Preparation of bimetallic nano-composite by dissimilar friction stir welding of copper to aluminum alloy

Butt friction stir welding between pure copper and AA5754 alloy was carried out. Reinforcing SiC nano- particles were utilized in friction stir welded (FSW) joints to decline the harmful effects of intermetallic compounds. Tensile tests, micro-hardness experiments, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were applied to studying the properties of welded joints. The joints with a travel speed of 50 mm/min and a rotation speed of 1000 r/min showed the best results. The presence of nano-sized SiC particles reduced the grain size of aluminum and copper in the stir zone (SZ) from 38.3 and 12.4 μm to 12.9 and 5.1 μm, respectively. The tensile strength of the joint in the presence of reinforcing SiC nano-particles was ~240 MPa, which is ～90% of that for the aluminum base. Furthermore, the highest microhardness of the weld zone was significantly increased from HV 160 to HV 320 upon the addition of SiC nano-particles. The results also showed that raising the heat generation in FSW joints increased the amount of Al₄Cu₉ and Al₂Cu intermetallic compounds.