Na_2MoO_4凝胶电解质炭基全固态超级电容器的电化学性能研究

本工作中,通过在PVA/H_3PO_4凝胶中添加氧化还原电解质Na_2MoO_4,制备了PVA/H_3PO_4/Na_2MoO_4复合凝胶电解质,随后将其与活性炭布组合,制备了全固态柔性超级电容器,并测试了凝胶膜的应力-应变性能、膜电导率及电化学性能。结果表明,Na_2MoO_4的加入可以在一定程度上改善凝胶膜的机械强度和电导率。相同的电流密度下,由PVA/H_3PO_4/Na_2MoO_4凝胶电解质构筑的电容器,比PVA/H_3PO_4拥有更高的比容量,且表现出更小的电压降。该电容器在1 mA·cm~(-2)的比容量可达1021m F·cm~(-2),即使电流扩大20倍,依旧保持62%的高倍率性能。该全固态超级电容器的能量密度最大为138μWh·cm~(-2),最大功率密度为6237μW·cm~(-2)。     

阻燃聚氨酯基固态聚合物电解的制备

摘要：以聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇( PBA) 、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯( HDI)和阻燃剂N，N阻双（2（羟乙基）胺基亚甲基磷酸二乙酯( FCR-6）为主要原料合成阻燃聚氨酯（TPUP），将阻燃聚氨酯与锂盐复合得到阻燃聚氨酯基固态聚合物电解质。采用红外光谱、热重分析、锥形量热、力学测试、电化学窗口、电导率和电池的充放电性能测试等对阻燃聚氨酯基固态聚合物电解质进行了表征和性能测试。研究表明，TPUP具有良好阻燃性能，制备的阻燃电解质TPUP25%Li综合性能最佳，且拉伸强度达到2.09MPa，80℃时离子电导率为3.09M10-4 S/cm，以阻燃电解质组装的全固态锂电池，在80℃时0.2C电流密度下放电容量达到159mA?h/g。     

PVA-CMC-KOH复合碱性固态电解质的制备及其在二次锌镍电池中的应用

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和KOH为原料,通过溶液浇铸方法制备了性能良好的碱性固态聚合物电解质.通过考察电解质含水量、电导率与各组分的关系,得到其最佳配比为m(PVA):m(CMC):m(KOH)=3:1:6.采用DTA和CV技术考察了样品的热稳定性和电化学稳定性.碱性固态电解质在66℃的地方开始脱去自由水,在90℃后脱去束缚水(羟基结合水),350℃发生羟基缩合,分子内脱水.组装碱性固态电解质二次碱性锌镍电池,以不同电流密度2～10 mA/cm2充放电,在电压为1.93～1.95 V出现充电平台,在电压1.78～1.45V出现放电平台.以5 mA/cm2电流密度进行充放电循环10次,充电效率第10次达到92%,表明电解质具有良好的性能.     

薄膜铝空气电池聚丙烯酸凝胶电解质的制备

采用聚丙烯酸与氢氧化钾溶液结合,制备凝胶电解质。选择铝丝作为金属阳极,空气电极作为阴极,与所制凝胶电解质组装成薄膜铝-空气电池。采用单因素法,通过测试所制电池的放电性能,确定凝胶电解质的最佳制备条件。结果表明:选取中速滤纸作为纸基材料,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的用量为0.50 g、氢氧化钾溶液的质量分数为37.5%、过硫酸钾的质量为0.20 g时,所制得的电解质与阴阳极组装的薄膜铝-空气电池在放电电流为20 mA时,能量密度最大,性能最好。     

新型共混的PEO/TPU/PVDF-HFP基聚合物电解质的制备及性能

通过相转化法制备基于聚氧化乙烯（PEO）/热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯（PVDF-HFP）三种高聚物共混形成的电解质隔膜, 浸泡在1 mol/L六氟磷酸锂（LiPF6）的碳酸乙烯酯（EC）: 碳酸二甲酯（DMC）: 碳酸甲乙酯（EMC）=1:1:1的电解液中形成一种新型的凝胶态聚合物电解质（GPE）。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、TG、DSC、拉伸性能和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明，聚合物配比为3:1:4的隔膜具备均匀的多孔形貌，结晶峰面积最低，拉伸强度达到了15 MPa，离子电导率为7.9?10^(-3) S?cm，综合性能最佳。将聚合物配比为3:1:4的隔膜装配成CR2032纽扣电池进行电池循环性能测试，结果表明，在0.2 C下电池的充放电比容量分别达到了164 mAh/g和161 mWh/g，在150次循环后，放电比容量仍能保持在152 mAh/g 左右，库仑效率保持97%以上，是一种优异的电池材料。     

有机硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯基聚合物电解质及全固态锂离子电池

以聚乙二醇(PEG)、有机硅氧烷(OFX)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为主要原料,制备了一系列水性聚氨酯,并与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(Li TFSI)复合,得到一系列全固态聚合物薄膜。通过拉伸性能测试、红外光谱、热重分析和电导率测试等研究了其结构与性能的关系。将制备的聚合物电解质膜用于全固态锂离子电池的组装,测试了电池的性能。结果表明:适量引入有机硅氧烷可改善聚合物电解质膜的力学性能和电化学性能;当PEG与有机硅氧烷质量比为3:1时聚合物电解质膜的综合性能最佳,80℃时电导率为6.24×10~(–4)S/cm;以磷酸铁锂为正极制备的全固态锂离子电池在0.2C电流80℃时放出131 mA·h/g的比容量。     

a-V_2O_5/BC复合正极材料的制备及其性能研究

以天然毛竹为原料,采用固相反应法在惰性气体气氛下合成了竹炭(BC)和无定型五氧化二钒(a-V2O5/BC)复合正极材料。采用XRD,SEM和电化学测试等手段表征样品结构、形貌以及电化学性能。结果表明,所制备的BC样品为多孔无定型结构,粒径在0.2~90μm。掺杂BC在很大程度上可以改善a-V2O5的电化学性能,尤其是大电流放电性能。当a-V2O5与BC的质量比为1∶4时,a-V2O5/BC的电性能最佳,10 mA/g充放电的首次放电比容量为116.4 mA.h/g,200 mA/g放电的比容量为54.3 mA.h/g,为首次放电比容量的46.6%,而纯a-V2O5电极的比容量仅为其首次放电比容量时的0.7%。     

苯酐改性聚氨酯基固态电解质的制备与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚对苯二甲酸-3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇酯二醇(TPA-1000)、聚乙二醇(PEG-2000)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)为主要原料合成了系列热塑性聚氨酯弹性体,然后加入占体系质量分数20%的锂盐,制备了不同的苯酐改性聚氨酯基固态聚合物电解质(SPE),研究了TPA-1000的加入量对SPE的影响。利用FTIR、DSC、TGA等对SPE的性能进行表征。结果表明:随着TPA-1000质量分数的减少,固态聚合物电解质的耐热性增加,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)减小。其离子电导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程,在80℃时,电化学窗口达到4.0 V以上。以m(TPA-1000)∶m(PEG-2000)=1∶2制备的固态聚合物电解质(SPE4)综合性能最佳,拉伸强度为1.87 MPa,电导率为2.15×10-4 S/cm、电化学窗口为4.3 V。SPE4组装的固态电池在80℃、0.2 C放电比容量为150 mA·h/g。     

铝酸锂纳米棒改性固态电解质的制备及电化学性能研究

固态电解质离子电导率低、电化学稳定窗口窄是制约其商业化应用的关键问题。制备了一种铝酸锂(LAO)纳米棒填充聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)的复合固体电解质薄膜(LAO-CSE)，并通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、电化学工作站等对LAO纳米棒和复合薄膜的微观结构、电化学性能进行了表征分析。结果表明，加入LAO纳米棒后复合固体电解质膜的离子电导率达到5.0×10^-4 S/cm，电化学稳定窗口大于4.8 V;LAO-CSE应用于固态锂离子电池表现出优异的室温电化学性能，填充8%(质量分数)LAO的NCM622/LAO-CSE/Li固态电池的首次循环放电比容量为180 mA·h/g，在0.5C下循环100次后容量保持率为97.3%。LAO纳米棒的增强效果归因于棒状填料提供了连续的锂离子传输路径。该LAO-CSE复合固态电解质有望在高压固态锂电池中得到广泛应用。     

PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜的制备及性能

利用静电纺丝技术制备了聚吲哚/聚丙烯腈(PIN/PAN)聚合物基电解质膜,代替纸基铝空气电池中的纤维素纸(C-P),并应用于固态铝空气电池。探究了PIN含量对电解质膜离子电导率及吸液率的影响。采用SEM和FTIR对PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜表面形貌及化学组成进行分析。借助电化学工作站和电池测试系统,分析了电解质膜离子电导率及固态铝空气电池放电特性。结果表明,采用PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜可有效提升固态铝空气电池性能,在3 mA.cm_^-2、5 mA.cm_^-2、7 mA.cm_^-2电流密度下,放电时长比纸基铝空气电池分别提升了21%、27%、34%,且放电时长与电解质膜的吸液率及离子电导率相关。其中4%PIN/PAN聚合物基电解质膜离子电导率可达6.7×10_^-4 S.cm_^-1,同时对碱性溶液具有良好的吸附能力,吸液率最高可达496%,为纤维素纸的3.2倍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.