利用线粒体DNA Cyt b基因PCR-RFLP分析方法鉴别羊肉和鸭肉

建立了一种利用线粒体DNA(mtDNA) Cyt b基因PCR-RFLP分析来鉴别羊肉和鸭肉的方法。采用一对通用引物扩增绵羊、山羊和鸭的mtDNACytb基因,并对扩增产物用DNA限制性内切酶Bsu36I和SpeI进行酶切,电泳分析酶切产物的变化。结果表明通用引物可扩增羊和鸭472bp的PCR产物,经两种内切酶酶切后,绵羊、山羊和鸭的PCR产物分别被切为大小不同的片段,其中绵羊和山羊被SpeI切为213bp和259bp,而鸭则被Bsu36I切为95bp和377bp。利用PCR-RFLP分析mtDNA Cyt b基因的方法操作简单,是一种快速鉴别羊肉和鸭肉的可靠方法。     

PCR-RFLP方法检测和鉴别五种李斯特菌

目的 建立快速检测和鉴别单增李斯特菌、绵羊李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌、威尔李斯特菌和格氏李斯特菌等常见李斯特菌的方法。方法 采用PCR-RFLP技术,首先通过引物“Lis1A-Lis1B”对李斯特菌属iap基因进行扩增,扩增产物大小约1.4 kb,然后用限制性内切酶DdeⅠ对PCR产物进行酶切,电泳观察具有种间特异性的酶切谱带进行鉴别。结果 上述5种李斯特菌的PCR扩增产物经内切酶DdeⅠ消化后,得到片段大小不同的,具有种间差异的特异性酶切图谱。结论 本实验建立的PCR-RFLP方法可以用于上述5种常见李斯特菌的快速检测和鉴定。     

一种基于多重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应熔解曲线分析的肉及肉制品掺假鉴别方法

为实现肉及肉制品掺假快速鉴别,分别以猪、牛线粒体DNA的COXⅠ,绵羊、山羊、狗、狐狸、貉线粒体DNA的16S rRNA及鸡、鸭线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因为靶位点,设计扩增产物熔解温度(T_m值)具有显著性差异的特异性引物,建立一种用于快速鉴别肉或肉制品中猪、牛、绵羊、山羊、鸡、鸭、狗、狐、貉9种源性成分的5重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应熔解曲线分析方法,通过特异性、灵敏度及市售样品的检测,对该方法进行检验和评价。结果表明:方法具有良好的特异性及灵敏度,单物种DNA检出限为0.001~1 ng,多物种混合DNA检出限均为0.1 ng,通过市售样品检测表明该方法可用于实际样品(包括生鲜样品和熟制样品)掺假的快速鉴别。     

茶树叶绿体DNA的PCR-RFLP反应体系优化

通过正交设计对影响茶树聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)反应体系的主要因素进行优化,快速确立适合茶树叶绿体DNA PCR-RFLP分析的扩增体系和酶切体系。结果表明：最佳PCR扩增体系为100ng模板DNA、200μmol/L dNTPs、1.5mmol/L MgCl2、50ng叶绿体引物、3U TaqDNA聚合酶、加ddH2O至25μL;最佳酶切体系为6μL扩增产物用量、2U限制性内切酶量、1×限制性内切酶buffer、加ddH2O至15μL,37℃酶切6h。利用优化的反应体系,对30个茶树品种叶绿体DNA进行PCR-RFLP扩增,可获得清晰扩增图谱和多态性酶切图谱。     

大豆灰斑病菌生理小种PCR-RFLP分子检测

采用PCR-RFLP技术建立了大豆灰斑病菌生理小种分子检测体系。引物对ITS1和ITS4PCR扩增大豆灰斑病菌的16个生理小种的DNA,均得到600bp片段;继而用HinfⅠ、RsaⅠ和HaeⅢ三种限制性内切酶将扩增产物消化,得到15个多态性片段,可将16个生理小种区分开来。     

食品过敏原胡桃PCR检测方法研究

胡桃是坚果类食品中能引起过敏反应的主要食品之一.根据胡桃叶绿体成熟酶K基因(matK)设计特异引物WAL Ⅰ/WAL Ⅱ,建立检测胡桃成分的PCR方法.该引物能够在胡桃和美洲山核桃中扩增出长度为120bp的目的片段,再通过限制性内切酶Bfa Ⅰ时扩增产物进行酶切,可有效区分胡桃和美洲山核桃.食品添加试验表明,该方法对食品中胡桃成分的检测限为0.01%(质量分数),故适于分析食品中的胡桃成分.     

一对同时鉴定8种动物源性成分的通用引物的制备及应用

肉类真假鉴定是食品检测工作的内容之一,目前已有多种基于PCR的肉类鉴定方法,但是鉴定种类和效率受限。本研究设计了一对基于普通PCR技术可同时鉴定8种动物源性成分的通用引物并建立了鉴定方法。该引物以线粒体DNA为靶标,利用扩增产物中不同物种间的插入缺失多态性片段大小即可鉴定山羊、绵羊、鹿、水牛、牛、牦牛、猪和骆驼8个物种,扩增后分别得到728 bp、704 bp、504 bp、453 bp、448 bp、431 bp、396 bp和326 bp的片段,每种PCR产物经SspI酶切后产生数量和大小不同的片段,可以进一步清晰鉴别8个物种。引物特异性测试表明和其他常见肉类动物DNA无交叉反应,DNA检测最低限度在0.01~0.05 ng。应用本方法对40份市场肉类及产品的检测表明,羊肉串、羊肉卷以及特色畜产品如驼肉、鹿肉和驴肉存在较多的掺假行为。与其他现有PCR检测方法相比,该方法具有简便易行和高通量的优点,可以作为肉类掺假筛选检测的常规方法。     

食源性沙门氏菌Sau-PCR基因分型研究

为建立食源性沙门氏菌Sau-PCR基因快速分型方法.用限制性内切酶Sau3AI酶切14株沙门氏菌基因组DNA,以酶切产物为模板,用根据酶切位点设计的引物进行PCR扩增,样品用核酸染料SYBR Green I染色,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后用Quantity One软件对14株菌进行同源性分析.结果显示,经Sau3AI酶切6 h后,4种引物均扩增出条带,其中使用引物STG扩增的条带最为清晰,14株沙门氏菌均得到6～11条大小在0.2～1.5 kb片段,利于分型.     

霍乱弧菌O1群和O139群基因分型方法

构建SXT整合酶基因扩增BclⅠ内切酶消化体系,建立霍乱弧菌O1群和O139群的快速检测,根据SXT基因设计合成引物,PCR扩增目的片断,对PCR产物用BclⅠ限制性内切酶酶切分析.结果显示：50株菌株的检出率为100%,扩增产物及酶切片段与预期的靶序列长度和限制酶谱分析相-致.扩增霍乱弧菌O1群和O139群的SXT整合酶基因并经过BclⅠ内切酶酶切分型的方法简易、快速、特异性好,为该病快速诊断和分子流行病学调查提供了新的技术手段.     

COI序列应用于羊肉掺伪非定向筛查技术的研究

本项目研究了应用COI序列对羊肉中掺入的其他动物源材料进行非定向筛查,并对山羊肉及绵羊肉进行分辨。利用了DNA条形码技术对六个羊品种(系)的线粒体基因组细胞色素酶基因片段进行引物筛选,并利用筛选出的引物对七种动物源样本的COI片段进行扩增,以确定所筛选出的引物是否能将羊肉与其他动物源样品进行有效区分。以LCOI490/HCO2198、F1-1/R1-1、ITS3/ITS4为引物,通过对36份血液样本(山羊3个品种,绵羊3个品种)的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,其中以F1-1/R1-1为引物得到的PCR产物电泳检测条带清晰,结果重现性好;利用F1-1/R1-1引物对鸡肉、猪肉、驴肉、牛肉、莱芜黑山羊肉、洼地绵羊肉和鸭肉等七种样本的COI片段进行扩增,并对扩增片段进行测序,山羊、绵羊之间的序列同源性仅为36.62%,其他各品种间的序列差异也很明显。结果表明:以F1-1/R1-1为专用引物可以有效区分羊肉与其他动物源样品,并能够对山羊肉及绵羊肉样品进行有效区别。     

Identification of 12 animal species meat by T-RFLP on the 12S rRNA gene

The verification of authenticity of meat products is relevant for economical, religious or public health concerning reasons. A molecular approach using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was developed to distinguish 12 common economically important meat species. The partial 12S rRNA gene was amplified with double-fluorescently labeled primers. The amplified fragments were digested with two endonucleases and only the terminal restriction fragment containing labeled primer was detected on capillary electrophoresis system ABI3100. AluI and Tru9I generated differently-sized terminal fragments in different species. Pig and buffalo can be separated by 3′-terminal fragment of AluI digestion. Horse, turkey, goat, sheep, deer, and cattle can be further separated by 5′-terminal fragment of Tru9I digestion. Dog and chicken, sturgeon and salmon can finally be separated by 5′-terminal fragment of AluI digestion and 3′-terminal fragment of Tru9I digestion. Our results demonstrated the potential feasibility and applicability of T-RFLP method for rapid and accurate identification of animal species.     

A quick and simple method for the identification of meat species and meat products by PCR assay

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to identify six meats (cattle, pig, chicken, sheep, goat and horse) as raw materials for products. By mixing seven primers in appropriate ratios, species-specific DNA fragments could be identified by only one multiplex PCR. A forward primer was designed on a conserved DNA sequence in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and reverse primers on species-specific DNA sequences for each species. PCR primers were designed to give different length fragments from the six meats. The products showed species-specific DNA fragments of 157, 227, 274, 331, 398 and 439 bp from goat, chicken, cattle, sheep, pig and horse meats, respectively. Identification is possible by electrophoresis of PCR products. Cattle, pig, chicken, sheep and goat fragments were amplified from cooked meat heated at 100 or 120°C for 30 min, but horse DNA fragments could not be detected from the 120°C sample. Detection limits of the DNA samples were 0.25 ng for all meats.     

Determination of mitochondrial cytochrome B gene sequence for red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the differentiation of closely related deer meats

The cytochrome b gene sequence for red deer was determined using the Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing method and used for identification of deer meat in meat and meat products. Red deer showed a similarity of 94.1, 84.0, 81.1, 85.5 and 85.6% to sika deer (Cervus nippon), bovine, pigs, sheep and goats, respectively. To differentiate the deer meat, oligonucleotide primers RD-1(5′-TCATCGCAGCACTCGCTATAGTACACT-3′), RD-2(5′-ATCTCCAAGTAGGTCTGGTGCGAATAA-3′) were designed for the region of the cytochrome b gene of red deer. The PCR amplified 194 bp fragments from red and sika deer, but no fragments from bovine, pig, chicken, sheep, goat, horse and rabbit DNA. Although cooking the meats reduced the PCR products, red deer could still be detected in meat heated at 120 °C. To discriminate between red and sika deer, these PCR products were digested by a restriction enzyme (EcoRI,BamHI,ScaI) and analyzed by 4% agorose gel electrophoresis. As a result, the red deer fragment was digested by EcoRI to 67/127 bp fragments but not by BamHI and ScaI. The sika deer fragment was digested to 48/146 bp and 49/145 bp fragments with the two other enzymes, and thus it is possible to differentiate between the two kinds of deer from the digestion pattern of restriction enzymes.     

Polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of sheep and goat meats

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied to a qualitative differentiation between sheep, goat and bovine meats. Oligonucleotide primers were designed for the amplification of sheep satellite I DNA sequence. The PCR amplified 374 bp fragments from sheep and goat DNA, but no fragment from bovine, water buffalo, sika deer, pig, horse, rabbit and chicken DNA. Sheep DNA (10 pg) was detected by 4% agarose gel electrophoresis following PCR amplification. Althoug cooking of the sample meats reduced the PCR products, sheep DNA was detected in the meat heated at 120°C. In order to differentiate between sheep and goat meats, nucleotide sequences of the PCR products were determined directly by cycle sequencing. The sequence of PCR products showed 92% of homology between sheep and goat. They were differentiated by ApaI digestion of the PCR products because sheep had one ApaI site and goat had no site in the PCR products.     

Characterization of a polymerase chain reaction-based approach for the simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived materials in animal feed

In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set capable of amplifying a mitochondrial DNA segment of multiple species (cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and elk) whose rendered remains are prohibited from being fed to ruminants was characterized. However, the primer set also amplifies DNA derived from the rendered remains of pigs and horses, which are exempt from the feed ban. PCR amplicons derived from pig DNA have a restriction endonuclease site recognized by Hinf1, while the horse DNA-derived amplicon has a unique restriction endonuclease site recognized by HypCH4III. This "universal" PCR primer produced an amplicon with DNA extracted from dairy feed containing either bovine meat and bone meal or pig blood meal. Enzymatic digestion of the PCR amplicons from these feed samples with Hinf1 resulted in cleavage products only from samples containing pig blood meal. However, Hinf1 digestion of these amplicons was not complete. Further analysis of the pig blood meal with primers specific for bovine or porcine DNA demonstrated the presence of both bovine- and porcine-derived DNA. Enzymatic digestion confirmed these findings. Additional testing was conducted with dry dog food samples labeled as containing either lamb, chicken, turkey, or chicken and fish. The universal PCR primer produced an amplicon only for the dog food containing lamb meal. This paper is the first to describe a simplified approach for the detection of the prohibited species of concern in the feed ban.     

On the specificity of tuna-directed primers in PCR-SSCP analysis of fish and meat

Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of an amplicon (148 bp) obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the mitochondrial cytochrom b gene used to identify tuna species was studied with other fish and animal species. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) patterns of two to four strong bands were obtained with blue ling, carp, haddock, mackerel, mackerel shark, saithe, catfish, Alaska pollack, and skipjack which, however, differed from those obtained with tuna samples. Other fish species resulted in weak (cod, spined dogfish) or no ssDNA bands (Atlantic salmon, halibut, herring, pike-perch, plaice, redfish, sprat, trout). Samples from animals other than fish resulted in strong ssDNA bands differing from those of tuna and from each other (crayfish; cattle, European rabbit, fallow deer, hare, horse, red deer, roe deer; goose, turkey), in bands differing from tuna but not from each other (domestic goat/sheep, domestic pig/wild boar), or in weak bands (octopus, shrimp; chicken, duck). Increasing the stringency of PCR caused a more pronounced difference between strong and weak ssDNA bands. Inter-laboratory reproducibility of the method was good.     

Species-specific multiplex real-time PCR assay for identification of deer and common domestic animals

A multiplex real-time PCR method for discriminating deer and common domestic species, including cattle, goat, horse, donkey, pig, and chicken was developed. Species-specific primer pairs were designed and used to produce different size DNA fragments with diverse melting temperature (T _m ) values. The specificity and sensitivity of these primer pairs were separately confirmed using simplex real-time PCR analysis. Multiplex real-time PCR analysis was performed using combined primers, yielding distinct melting curve profiles for each species. The sensitivity limit of the multiplex PCR method was evaluated. Trace DNA of other species in deer DNA could be identified. Common deer products, including blood, meat, and antler were tested using this multiplex PCR method and different species of deer and domestic animals were identified. The rapid multiplex real-time PCR assay described herein is a specific, sensitive, and reliable method for high-throughput authentication of deer and domestic animal products.     

Rapid species identification in meat by using satellite DNA probes

A fast procedure for species identification in heated meat is described. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from meat samples by an alkaline extraction method and hybridized to a conjugate of a specific oligonucleotide and alkaline phosphatase. The oligonucleotide probes are based on satellite DNA, tandem-repeated sequences, which are highly specific for species. Probes are developed for the identification of meat from cattle, sheep/goat, horse, deer, pig, chicken and turkey. Differentiation between closely related species like chicken and turkey is possible. Admixtures of 1–5% of meat of one species in another could be detected. The complete assay of up to 50 samples takes 4 h. Heated meat samples could be analysed.