万寿菊叶黄素的提取及分析方法研究进展

叶黄素（lutein）是自然界广泛存在的含紫罗酮环的二羟基类胡萝卜素，也是人眼视网膜黄斑色素主要组成部分。由于叶黄素可有效预防并辅助治疗老年性黄斑退化病和白内障等眼部疾病，其在生物活性物质利用领域有广泛的应用前景。万寿菊是工业上提取分离叶黄素的理想工业原料。本文综述了近年来国内外有关万寿菊叶黄素的研究工作，着重介绍叶黄素的新型提取方法及其定性定量分析方法。     

万寿菊中叶黄素的生产技术及应用

介绍了万寿菊中叶黄素研究开发现状、化学组成、应用,探讨了万寿菊中叶黄素的提取和纯化方法,展望了万寿菊中叶黄素的开发应用前景。     

万寿菊花中叶黄素酯的提取及皂化工艺

叶黄素具有调节人体的免疫能力、防治老年性视黄斑退化和白内障等作用,目前天然叶黄素的提取原料主要为万寿菊花,万寿菊花的有机溶剂提取物含有大量叶黄素酯,经皂化后可转变为叶黄素,广泛用于食品、食品添加剂、药品及饲料等工业.本文采用甲醇处理万寿菊鲜花后直接用正己烷提取叶黄素酯,并通过L9 (34)正交实验选择了叶黄素酯皂化的最佳条件,即KOH/甲醇浓度为20%,提取液﹕KOH为4 : 1,时间为40min,温度为50℃时,叶黄素酯皂化进行的比较完全.皂化得到的叶黄素在丙酮﹕甲醇(v : v)为1 : 1的混合溶剂中进行重结晶,得到叶黄素晶体,纯度为97.2%.     

叶黄素酯在体内消化吸收过程中水解的研究

叶黄素已经证实具有对视网膜黄斑衰退症的防治作用,被认为是一种在食品或药品中有前景的功能因子。叶黄素的制备原料为万寿菊的花,并以叶黄素酯的形式存在。在本研究中,首先从万寿菊干花颗粒中制备叶黄素酯,然后与食用油配制成灌胃液,给SD雄性大鼠一次灌胃,2h后采血,萃取其中的类胡萝卜素,HPLC分析萃取物。分析结果显示:在血清中只能检测到叶黄素单体。这个结果证实:叶黄素酯在消化和吸收过程中被水解成单体,客观上证明了在功能性食品和药品中直接应用叶黄素酯的可能性。     

微藻生物合成叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素不仅是天然色素,而且具有多方面的生理活性功能。目前商业化生产的叶黄素主要是从植物万寿菊中提取,在原料来源和生产效率等方面受到一定限制。作为一种具有良好前景的替代方式,利用微藻生物合成叶黄素近年来受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了国内外关于微藻生物合成叶黄素的藻株筛选、代谢途径、培养参数优化、动力学模型以及提取工艺方面的研究进展。     

葵花籽油微乳液对万寿菊中叶黄素提取工艺优化

以万寿菊颗粒为原料,利用葵花籽油微乳液作为提取剂提取叶黄素。在单因素试验的基础上,进行响应面试验优化微乳提取万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素的工艺。结果表明:影响万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素提取率的顺序为时间固液比温度,温度和时间的交互作用对葵花籽油微乳提取万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素提取率的影响较为明显(P0.05);通过响应面的数据分析得到,万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素的最佳提取条件为固液比1∶61(g/mL)、温度40.00℃、时间96 min,此时叶黄素的实际提取率为0.86%。     

微藻产叶黄素研究进展

叶黄素是一种对人体健康有益的天然类胡萝卜素,目前工业提取主要来源于万寿菊等植物。因生长周期短、叶黄素含量相对较高等优势,海洋微藻成为叶黄素生产的潜力来源之一。文章综述近年来高产叶黄素藻种、提高叶黄素产量代谢调控策略、叶黄素提取工艺以及功能活性等研究进展,为推动微藻叶黄素早日实现工业化生产提供理论参考。     

叶黄素树脂生产工艺参数的选择

根据生产实践讨论了以万寿菊干花颗粒为原料提取叶黄素树脂的主要生产工艺参数,介绍了叶黄素的一些特性。     

叶黄素树脂生产工艺参数的选择

根据生产实践讨论了以万寿菊干花颗粒为原料提取叶黄素树脂的主要生产工艺参数，介绍了叶黄素的一些特性。     

万寿菊叶黄素提取分离研究

本文研究了由万寿菊提取叶黄素的条件,包括皂化处理NaOH浓度,提取时间与次数对提取效率的影响,并通过薄层层析对产品进行了分析。     

Lutein and zeaxanthin in new dietary supplements—analysis and quantification

Lutein and zeaxanthin, two xanthophylls supposed to delay formation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are found in numerous new dietary supplements appearing on the international market. Usually, the lutein concentration ranges from 0.25 to 20 mg/serving size. The lutein contents of 14 products with lutein highlighted on the label were evaluated. Oily formulations were dissolved, and powdery capsule contents were extracted with solvents before high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis (diode-array detector, 450 nm) using a C30 column. If lutein diesters from marigold (Tagetes erecta) were present, the extracts were saponified with methanolic KOH. To unequivocally identify carotenoids, HPLC-(atmospheric pressure chemical ionization)mass spectrometry was applied. In this study only all-trans-lutein was quantified, whereas cis isomers (approximately 1–5 area% of total lutein) were not taken into account. The lutein concentration of half of the products investigated was found to be below the amount stated, varying here from 11 to 93%. With the exception of one product, all dietary supplements contained zeaxanthin in amounts typical for the use of marigold oleoresin (6.0±1.4 area% of all-trans-lutein). The high discrepancy found between the amounts labeled and determined in half of the products may be attributed to degradation reactions or to improper storage conditions.     

Changes in colour,antioxidant activities and carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene,lutein) of marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) resulting from different drying processes

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flower has long been used as a food colourant and ingredient in human food and animal feed. Drying is one of the most important processes for producing marigold powder. Therefore the effects of different drying processes, namely freeze drying (FD), hot air drying (HA) and combined far-infrared radiation with hot air convection (FIR-HA), on the colour, carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene and lutein) and phenolic compounds of marigold flowers were evaluated. The results indicate that colour changes were less for FIR-HA dried marigold than after FD and HA drying. Different drying methods resulted in changes in the content of individual bioactive compounds. HA gave the highest content of β-carotene (15.5 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), while FIR-HA and FD provided the highest levels of lutein and lycopene. The predominant phenolic acids in all samples of marigold are p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid. Gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid showed the highest content in marigold after FIR-HA drying. These results demonstrate that FIR-HA should be considered as a suitable drying method for marigold with respect to preserving its colour, antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds and provided useful information for industrial production of marigold powder.     

A Biological Role of Lutein

Lutein, a non-provitamin A carotenoid, is found in dark green, leafy vegetables. Lutein, being fat soluble, follows the same intestinal absorption path as dietary fat and is affected by the same factors that influence fat absorption. Unlike β-carotene, another major carotenoid in diet and tissue, the bioavailability of lutein appears to be less influenced by food processing. Lutein has been strongly implicated as being protective against eye diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts. In the eye, lutein may act as a blue light filter to protect the underlying tissues from phototoxic damage. The mechanism by which lutein is involved in the prevention of eye diseases may also involve its role as an antioxidant. Dietary surveys indicate that average intakes of lutein in the United States may be below levels that are associated with disease prevention. Therefore, increased intakes of food sources rich in lutein may be warranted.     

Stereoisomers Identification and Storage Stability of Microencapsulated Marigold Lutein

Stability of microencapsulated marigold lutein under three different storage conditions (dark and vacuum, light and vacuum, air and light) at 4, 20, and 37°C was investigated. Major lutein stereoisomers, including all-trans lutein, 13-cis lutein, 13′-cis lutein, 9-cis lutein, and 9′-cis lutein, were rapidly separated within 12 minutes by reverse-phase C₃₀-HPLC-PDA using methanol, methylene chloride, and acetonitrile as eluent, which could provide more explicit information for identifying and distinguishing stereoisomers. The content of all-trans lutein decreased during storage time for all the treatments, and the degradation of all-trans lutein fitted the first order model as correlation coefficients (R²) were higher than 0.95, microencapsulated marigold lutein with vacuum packed were preserved best in dark and 4°C storage.     

叶黄素对黄腊丁体色影响的研究

在黄腊丁养殖过程中,通过喂养添加不同含量的叶黄素饲料,对野生与养殖黄腊丁体色及肤色、肌肉叶黄素含量进行了比较,发现从万寿菊中提取的叶黄素能有效地使黄腊丁着色,叶黄素添加量以100 mg/kg为最佳。