利用复合乳酸菌发酵腊罗非鱼的工艺研究

以罗非鱼为原料,研究接种嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌发酵腊罗非鱼的工艺技术,通过采用混合菌种对腊罗非鱼发酵工艺条件进行研究。结果表明：将罗非鱼调味腌制,均匀渗透到鱼体后,接种复合乳酸菌嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌为发酵剂发酵腊鱼,最佳发酵工艺条件为嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌1:1(m/m)混合、接种量2%(m/V)、发酵温度30℃、发酵时间24h。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵大豆酸凝乳的研究

本文研究了嗜酸乳杆菌在豆乳中的生长情况,考察了温度、接种量、木瓜汁添加、嗜酸乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌复配比例对发酵的影响,最后根据发酵豆乳的感官指标,确定了嗜酸乳杆菌发酵豆乳的最佳工艺。结果表明,发酵温度为39℃、接种量为6%、木瓜汁添加量为10%、嗜酸乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌配比为1:2是制作木瓜发酵豆乳的最佳工艺条件。产品中嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌数达到3.0×109CFU/mL,且产品口感良好。     

益生乳酸菌发酵苹果汁的研究

研究益生乳酸菌对苹果汁发酵的适应性和最优工艺条件。以发酵酸度为考核指标,考察保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌单一菌株发酵和混合菌株发酵苹果汁的能力,筛选获得最佳的发酵菌株组合。通过正交实验优化了乳酸菌发酵的最佳工艺条件。结果显示,嗜酸乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌按1:1混合的复合乳酸菌对苹果汁发酵产酸作用较好,其发酵的最佳工艺参数是:苹果汁添加量35%、蔗糖添加量3%、发酵剂接种量4%、发酵温度40℃。在最优条件此时,苹果汁的发酵酸度达到0.952%。冷藏4周后,乳酸菌活菌数为1.12×10~9 cfu/mL,说明采用嗜酸乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌混合发酵苹果汁可行。     

乳酸菌发酵蔬菜汁工艺研究

本文以胡萝卜、番茄为原料，经过加工处理，将所得的蔬菜汁用嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌进行发酵，确定了蔬菜汁发酵的最佳比例为番茄汁：胡萝卜汁为3：1， 蔬菜汁含量为60%，确定了蔬菜汁发酵的最佳工艺参数为发酵温度32℃，嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌接种量分别为5%、1%，发酵时间为12h。     

纯植物原料籽粒苋酸乳的研制

研究全部以籽粒苋为原料,不加入任何动物成分,加工酸乳的方法,同时对产品进行了检测分析.实验使用嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,产品检测结果表明,这2个菌种可应用于籽粒苋酸乳的发酵.籽粒苋酸乳的发酵工艺为嗜酸乳杆菌与植物乳杆菌活化后体积比为1:1,接种量3％,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间为12h.     

混菌发酵对无盐酸菜品质特性的影响

目的:利用乳酸菌发酵无盐酸菜。方法:通过考量菌株的发酵特性和抑菌能力,筛选具有高产酸能力和抑菌能力的乳酸菌制成混合发酵剂,并对其发酵工艺进行优化。结果:植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的生长活性、产酸能力及抑菌能力较强,选二者为发酵菌株;最佳发酵工艺条件为m_{植物乳杆菌}∶m_{嗜酸乳杆菌}为2∶1,250 g白菜中乳酸菌接种量为450μL,玉米汁添加量为7.5 g,发酵温度30℃,此条件下制备的酸菜颜色和气味较好,感官品质最佳。结论:在无盐条件下,接种乳酸菌发酵酸菜是控制发酵过程、优化产品质量的有效手段,可以确保发酵稳定进行并获得高品质酸菜。     

蓝莓汁乳酸菌的发酵特性

蓝莓汁中分别接种干酪乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌进行发酵,比较蓝莓汁发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、p H值、总滴定酸、总糖、还原糖、总花色苷、总酚、抗氧化能力和色泽等变化。结果表明,蓝莓汁营养丰富,上述各种乳酸菌均能在蓝莓汁中正常生长,发酵24 h,活菌数达8.10 lg cfu/mL以上;此外,植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌产酸能力均强于其它两种乳酸菌,可滴定酸含量均超过10.29 g/L,而植物乳杆菌对蓝莓汁中糖的消耗能力最强,总糖的残留量为40.26%;在花色苷和总酚的保留率以及抗氧化能力等方面,植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌也要优于其它两种乳酸菌。植物乳杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌单独发酵和混合发酵时蓝莓汁营养品质的差异分析表明,单独发酵组与混合发酵组在抗氧化能力和总酚的保留上无明显差异,但混合发酵组在花色苷和色泽的保留方面明显优于单独发酵组。综上所述,蓝莓汁应以植物乳杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌混合发酵为宜。     

几种乳酸菌S-层蛋白的普查以及slp基因的克隆与序列分析

从内蒙古传统发酵乳制品中分离的几种乳酸菌,包括干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、发酵乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌标准株(L.acidophilus ATCC4356)等为实验材料,应用SDS-PAGE方法和PCK方法分别进行S-层蛋白(S-layers pro-tein,SLP)的普查和slp基因的检测.结果表明:在各种乳酸茵中,经SDS-PAGE电泳方法检测,只有植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和其标准菌株的样品中出现膜外蛋白的可疑条带,大小为44～66ku之间,与文献报道的slp基因表达产物大小范围是一致;经PCR方法检测,只有嗜酸乳杆菌和其标准菌株L.acidoilus ATCC4356中扩增出slp基因可疑条带,其大小约为1 300 bp.并对嗜酸乳杆菌slp基因进行克隆、基因序列测序和分析.     

提高嗜酸乳杆菌酸乳菌活力的研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌为主发酵剂,嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为辅助发酵剂制作嗜酸乳杆菌酸乳,采用正交实验,并分析发酵过程中pH、乳酸菌数以及感官品质的变化,确定混合菌种的最佳比例。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌1.8%、嗜热链球菌1.4%、保加利亚乳杆菌0.6%混合发酵,可以提高乳中嗜酸乳杆菌的菌活力并改善其风味。经验证,混合菌种发酵制作的酸奶在风味和保健功能等方面明显优于单一菌种发酵制作的酸乳。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵脱脂乳生成CLA的条件优化

为提高发酵乳中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量,以经化学诱变的嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)发酵添加亚油酸(LA)的脱脂乳,通过三因素二次正交旋转组合设计对该菌株发酵脱脂乳生成共轭亚油酸的条件进行了优化。结果表明:培养温度37℃、pH5.5、培养时间28h时为最佳优化条件,此时CLA产率达33.4%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the