白酒在陶坛贮存过程中金属元素和感官质量的变化研究

研究了白酒在不同使用时间的陶坛贮存过程中金属以及感官的变化规律.白酒在陶坛贮存过程中金属迁移量随着时间而增加,而且新陶坛贮酒金属增加的量高于旧陶坛.由于贮存时间较短,所以酒体颜色没有发生明显的变化,香、味和格及总感官评价都随着时间的增长逐步稳定变好,旧陶坛贮酒的老熟效果略优于新陶坛.为进一步研究白酒陈化老熟机理,优化白...     

米香型白酒贮酒容器的选择

米香型白酒贮存老熟的质量与贮存容器有着密切的关系,贮存容器种类很多,常用的贮酒容器有陶坛、不锈钢、木箱等,不同的贮存容器贮酒对酒在老熟期的酒质的影响差异很大.陶坛贮酒,对米香型白酒的催陈较好.本公司所产米香型白酒的贮存秉承分级分质的原则,选择陶瓷贮酒容器,起到催陈的作用,后期及成品酒的贮存则用不锈钢罐贮酒.     

黄酒自然光波催陈的研究

介绍了一种自然光波催陈黄酒的方法。结果表明,黄酒经特殊透光材质的玻璃罐贮存一年后,其还原糖、酒精度、非糖固形物含量均高于陶坛酒样;总酸含量低于陶坛酒样;氨基酸态氮含量基本相同。玻璃罐酒样颜色较深,香味更醇厚浓郁,口感更醇厚鲜爽,酒体丰满协调。     

黄酒陶坛陈酿过程中乙醇含量变化研究

陶坛贮存对黄酒的陈酿和风格具有重要作用,但其贮存方法并不利于乙醇的稳定。乙醇含量及浓度变化是黄酒陈酿的重要物质基础之一。但目前关于黄酒陶坛贮存过程中乙醇含量变化情况的研究还相对较少。本研究以某黄酒厂2009—2016年开坛后的酒样的检测数据为依据,采用统计分析的方法对黄酒陶坛贮存过程中乙醇含量的变化情况进行分析,对乙醇随贮存时间的变化情况进行数学建模,并对模型进行初步的评估,为黄酒陶坛贮存提供参考。     

陶坛陈贮工艺提升白酒品质的研究

陶坛贮酒是我国酿酒技术中一项十分重要的工艺,由于其材质结构的特殊性,对白酒陈化老熟有明显作用。从陶坛材质、催陈功能、氢键机理和创新实验方面阐述了陶坛贮酒集氧化、酯化、缔合、氢键缔合为一体发生的物理变化和化学反应,是提升白酒品质的一条重要途径。     

黄酒的老熟机理与催陈因子的选择

综述了黄酒老熟机理-"缔合说"和"氧化说";探讨了黄酒催陈因子,主要有能量、温度、微氧含量、催化剂,并针对催陈因子分析相应催陈方法,加快黄酒老熟;提出了黄酒大罐贮酒陈化因子的选择,同时对大罐黄酒催陈的应用前景进行了展望.     

绍兴黄酒陶坛透氧能力的初步研究

探索黄酒陶坛贮酒陈酿的机理,开发专用的大型贮酒设备,采用碘量法和可见分光光度计法对传统黄酒陶坛的透氧能力做了初步的研究。结果表明,在20 d中,黄酒坛的总溶氧量为7.06 mg/L,日平均溶氧量为0.35 mg/L,从而为微氧化技术在黄酒生产中的应用提供了重要参考依据。     

不同容器贮酒老熟期的探讨

白酒的贮存容器种类较多，有陶坛和不锈钢等容器，不同的贮存容器贮酒对酒的老熟期及酒质也不同。陶坛贮酒，对新酒的催陈老熟较好，而不锈钢容器对酒的老熟作用不很明显。对浓香型酒而言，使用陶坛贮酒老熟时间在8个月左右，而不锈钢容器贮存则需10个月。（孙悟）     

机械化酿制黄酒成份的测定及分析

运用GC/MS气质联用仪,测定坛装贮存1年、5年、10年的机械化酿制黄酒的游离氨基酸和风味成份,通过对不同年份机械化酿制黄酒成份的分析比较,结果表明:随着贮存时间的延长,机械化酿制黄酒游离氨基酸总量显著增加,乳酸乙酯和琥珀酸二甲酯对陈酒香和陈酒味贡献大;机械化酿制黄酒中检测到了较多以前未见报道的成份;同一批机械化酿制黄酒在坛中贮存,随着贮存年份的增加,醇显著减少,有机酸和酯显著增加;在检测研究不同年份黄酒成份时,也要考滤不同年份酒当时酿制时不同的原料糯米和酿造工艺的影响。     

关于浓香型酒大容器贮存的研究

名优白酒和黄酒的传统贮存容器是陶坛,贮存量小,漏损严重,佔库面积大,对进一步扩大生产不相适应,为此,轻工业部于一九八○年下达“大容量贮酒容器”的科研项目,要求     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.