马铃薯基质对其挂面品质的影响

由马铃薯干粉制作得马铃薯面条,成本较高。采用将马铃薯薯块研磨成浆或蒸后研磨成泥,利用马铃薯薯块中的水分,加入到小麦粉中制作马铃薯面条,以干粉为对照,探讨马铃薯生浆或熟泥代替干粉的可能性。结果显示:采用马铃薯熟泥制作的干面条较白,L值为78.99±0.42,断裂距离为(28.7±1.8) mm,断裂强度为(22.4±2.6) g,煮后面条的坚实度为(823.7±11.7) g,高于或不低于干粉挂面的各项得分。感官评价的适口性、韧性、总分也高于马铃薯干粉挂面;采用马铃薯生浆制作的干面条颜色偏暗,L值为75.20±0.76,煮后口感较硬,弹性不足,口感稍差。综合考虑,可以用马铃薯熟泥代替马铃薯干粉进行马铃薯-小麦粉混合粉挂面生产,有利于减少工序、节约能源,降低生产成本。     

马铃薯熟泥添加量对挂面品质的影响

为简化马铃薯挂面生产工艺,研究利用马铃薯熟泥代替水制作马铃薯小麦挂面,添加马铃薯熟泥(水分含量81.11%)从65 g到85 g至200 g小麦粉中,探讨马铃薯熟泥添加量对挂面品质的影响。结果表明:随着混合面团中熟泥的增加,马铃薯面条的煮熟增重率和烹调损失率均呈上升趋势;L*值降低,a*值、b*值升高;马铃薯小麦挂面的断裂距离先升高后降低,断裂强度、坚实度和剪切功均呈下降趋势。     

马铃薯泥和面对挂面品质的影响

使用马铃薯熟泥代替水和面制作小麦粉挂面、全麦粉挂面、糙米粉挂面、糙小米挂面、玉米粉挂面、白高粱挂面、红高粱挂面、豌豆粉挂面、甜荞粉挂面、苦荞粉挂面10种挂面,分析马铃薯熟泥对挂面的色泽、蒸煮品质、感官品质和质构品质的影响,探讨马铃薯熟泥提高挂面品质的作用。结果表明:使用马铃薯泥能够提高花色挂面的表面L*值,降低a*值,提高花色挂面煮后的硬度。使得挂面平均断裂距离从18.3 mm提至21.6 mm,提高了18%,平均断裂强度从7.35 g提高到12.93g,提高了76%,大大增强了花色挂面的柔韧性和强度,蒸煮品质没有明显降低,感官品质平均降低1.96分。结论:马铃薯熟泥代替水和面制作挂面,可以提高挂面的韧性和强度。     

粒度对马铃薯泥面条品质的影响

本研究通过磨浆时间和磨浆强度控制马铃薯泥的粒度,探讨粒度对马铃薯面条的外观色泽、蒸煮品质、质构品质的影响,为马铃薯泥面条的生产提供数据支持。结果表明:随着磨浆强度的增加,时间的延长,马铃薯泥的粒度逐渐变小;马铃薯泥具有明显的双峰粒度分布,大颗粒所占比例比小颗粒所占比例高;马铃薯泥在扫描电镜下,呈片状结构,片与片镶嵌在一起,随着马铃薯粒度的降低,片的厚度不断变薄,片的尺寸也不断变小;随着粒度的降低,马铃薯面条的L*值降低,a*值和b*值升高,面条A的L*、a*、b*值与面条B、C、D、小麦粉面条的对应L*、a*、b*值具有显著性差异(p<0.05),而面条B、C、D的L*值之间没有显著性差异(p>0.05)。随着粒度的降低,马铃薯面条的烹调损失率均呈上升趋势,从9.38%增加至10.16%;马铃薯面条的断裂距离显著高于小麦粉面条(p<0.05),不同粒度的马铃薯面条断裂距离没有显著性差异(p>0.05);马铃薯面条煮后黏度随着粒度的减小而减小;总体来说,马铃薯泥的粒度对其面条的品质显著的影响,粒度中位径d(0.5)为130 μm的马铃薯面条品质好。     

响应面优化紫薯生全粉挂面配方工艺

该文通过响应面试验,以感官评分为标准,对紫薯生全粉挂面的配方工艺进行优化。确定紫薯生全粉挂面的最优配方工艺为紫薯生全粉添加量8.70%、水添加量31.40%、柠檬酸添加量0.57%、魔芋葡甘露聚糖添加量0.65%。此条件下制作的挂面感官评分的预测值为86.05,重复试验验证得到的感官评分值为85.17,模型拟合良好。品质结果分析表明,该紫薯生全粉挂面膳食纤维和花青素含量较普通挂面分别提升了25.60%和3.75倍,脂肪含量为（1.18±0.08）g/100 g、蛋白质含量为（10.06±0.01）g/100 g、可供能量为（1 427.63±6.53）kJ/100 g,且色泽鲜亮、口感筋道、蒸煮性能良好。     

挂面质量的感官鉴别

挂面是以小麦粉为原料,制成各种规格的湿面条,经过悬挂干燥后切成的。挂面由于制作简单、煮食方便、食用可口、四季皆宜,深受广大消费喜爱。改革开放,市场繁荣,各种各样的挂面在市场上已不鲜见。这些挂面质量多数信得过,但有一些质量还不过关,以次充好的现象时有发生。质量不好的挂面煮出后口感不好,     

挂面的理化特性和感官质量研究

采集全国28家企业的60份普通挂面样品,测定其理化特性、烹调特性、感官质量,分析挂面产品质量现状,比较不同小麦产区间挂面质量的差异,研究质量要素间的关系。结果表明,挂面理化特性变异较大,感官质量整体较好,色泽和食味的差异是挂面感官差异的主要方面。与南方冬麦区相比,北方冬麦区的挂面含水率较低,色泽偏黄,煮后面条的黏性、食味及总分较高。在一定范围内(色泽b*值≤18.06、烹调吸水率≤197.2%、煮面10 min后鲜重≤27.4 g),熟面条的色泽、硬度和黏性评分分别随着挂面b*、吸水率和煮面10 min后鲜重的提高而改善,但超过该范围会对面条评分产生负向作用。挂面灰分含量和烹调吸水率对色泽评分有显著影响,可以用来预测面条色泽。色泽L*均匀性、煮面10 min后鲜重和灰分含量分别与面条硬度、弹性和光滑性评分呈负相关关系,影响显著。理化和烹调特性中的色泽a*值对面条感官总分影响最显著。     

龙麦26面条预混粉配方优化

采用响应面法对以龙麦26高筋小麦粉为主要原料的面条预混粉配方进行优化。以成品面条断条率、拉伸比及感官等为考察指标,对龙麦26面条预混粉的品质进行综合评分。试验获得龙麦26面条预混粉的配方为:龙麦26小麦粉71.23%,低筋粉26.25%,复合面条改良剂1.55%,食盐0.97%。采用此配方制作的面条预混粉每100g只需添加20℃左右水22g,经和面机高速搅打10min,即可压制出表面光滑,筋性适中,煮后口感爽滑,韧弹性良好的面条。     

马铃薯生浆馒头的加工工艺研究

采用马铃薯生浆和小麦粉为原料制作馒头,对马铃薯生浆馒头加工工艺进行研究。在以比容和质构的结果基础上,以馒头比容为评价指标,利用响应面分析法对30%马铃薯生浆馒头的加工工艺进行优化。结果表明:马铃薯生浆馒头的最佳工艺参数为酵母添加量1.1%、发酵时间70min、压面次数12次、发酵温度35℃、醒发时间19 min。该条件下制作的馒头比容为2.34 mL/g,相比于未优化的30%马铃薯生浆馒头(2.02 mL/g),工艺优化后馒头的比容明显提高。     

苦荞超微粉对苦荞小麦混合粉及其挂面品质的影响

将普通苦荞粉,苦荞超微粉A和B按照5%~30%的比例添加到小麦粉中,对苦荞小麦混合粉的面团粉质特性及其挂面的感官品质、蒸煮品质及质构特性进行了研究,结果表明:与普通粉相比,添加苦荞超微粉的混合粉面团的吸水率增加,面团形成时间和稳定时间缩短,弱化度值升高,粉质指数降低;添加苦荞超微粉提高了挂面的感官品质;添加量在15%以下时,添加苦荞普通粉制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,添加量在15%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,而添加量在5%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟的干物质损失率最低;苦荞粉超微处理增加了苦荞挂面的坚实度和剪切功,面条咀嚼性和韧性增强。小麦粉中添加20%苦荞超微粉A时制作的挂面韧性,口感良好。     

马铃薯泥面条制作工艺优化及品质分析

为保留马铃薯的风味和营养成分,提高面条品质,加快马铃薯主食化进程,采用马铃薯泥和小麦面粉复配制作马铃薯泥面条。以感官评分为评价指标,结合单因素实验和正交试验,进而得到较优的马铃薯泥面条加工工艺。结果表明,在马铃薯泥占比50%的条件下,面条的较佳加工工艺参数为:面团醒发温度20 ℃、醒发时间30 min。复配改良剂最佳配方为:谷朊粉添加量3%、魔芋粉添加量1%、单甘酯添加量1%。该条件下制作的马铃薯泥面条品质较好,感官评分达90.1分。研究表明,在小麦面粉中加入马铃薯泥,所制备面条品质降低,但适当的添加改良剂可在一定程度上提升马铃薯泥面条品质。     

谷朊粉对马铃薯热干面品质的影响

为提高马铃薯热干面的品质和稳定性,该文在分析谷朊粉基本成分与物化特性的基础上,深入研究了谷朊粉添加量对混合粉特性及对生鲜及熟制马铃薯热干面蒸煮、质构、贮藏等品质特性的影响。结果表明,随着混合粉中谷朊粉含量升高,其持水性下降,吸水膨胀性上升。随着谷朊粉添加量的增加,马铃薯热干面吸水性呈下降趋势、蒸煮损失率呈先上升后下降变化趋势;生鲜湿面和熟面剪切性、拉伸特性均呈先下降后上升变化趋势,且谷朊粉添加量相同时,生鲜湿面剪切性和拉伸特性均高于熟面。谷朊粉最适宜添加量为10%~15%(质量分数),此时马铃薯热干面的剪切力最小,拉伸力和黏度适中,具有较好质构特性。马铃薯热干面熟制后贮存,可提升其品质稳定性。     

Textural Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Cooked Dry Chinese Noodles Based on Wheat-Sweet Potato Composite Flour

Effects of sweet potato flour (SPF) addition on dry Chinese noodles prepared from five wheat flours with variable quality (weak to very strong) were investigated. Color values expressed as L*, a* and b* were markedly affected by the levels of SPF. SPF addition reduced the springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience of the cooked noodles, but exerted varied effects on hardness and adhesiveness. Total scores of noodle samples prepared from composite flours decreased significantly with exception of very strong or strong flour. However, the reduction of total scores in wheat-SPF noodles was mainly due to decreasing of color and taste scores.     

响应面法优化马铃薯泥面条工艺配方

为加快马铃薯主食化进程,降低马铃薯全粉面条的成本,有效利用马铃薯中的营养成分,以马铃薯泥为原料,对马铃薯泥面条的工艺配方进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化马铃薯泥面条工艺配方,研究面条中马铃薯泥添加量、盐添加量、水添加量对感官得分和断条率的影响,得出回归方程预测模型。结果表明:马铃薯泥、盐和水的添加量分别为40.65%、0.40%、17.13%时,感官得分最高为98.13,面条的断条率最低为6.15%。该研究为马铃薯泥面条的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

Effect of Potato Starch Properties on Instant Noodle Quality in Wheat Flour and Potato Starch Blends

The properties of potato starch and their effect on the quality of Chinese‐style alkaline instant noodles made from wheat flour and potato starch blends were investigated. Starches were extracted from nine potato cultivars, and the phosphorus content of these starches was analyzed together with the median granule size and pasting and gelatinization properties. Instant noodles were manufactured using mixtures of wheat flour and these potato starches. A Rheoner instrument was used to evaluate three textural parameters, namely, the breaking force (BF), breaking energy (BE), and ratio of the breaking force to the breaking deformation (BF/BD), of instant noodles cooked by immersing into boiling water for 3 and 7 min. The phosphorus content, peak viscosity, and breakdown were significantly and positively correlated with the BF of the noodles cooked for 3 min and did not significantly correlate with that of those cooked for 7 min. Other quality parameters of potato starch did not affect the BF significantly. Other textural parameters of instant noodle quality, such as the BE and BF/BD, did not significantly correlate with any of the quality parameters of potato starch. The findings obtained with the use of wheat flour and potato starch blends suggest that phosphate, which is thought to enhance starch viscosity of potato starch, is important for making instant noodles with favorable texture in hardness.     

Texture and Quality Properties of Chinese Fresh Egg Noodles Formulated with Green Seaweed (Monostroma nitidum) Powder

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare fresh Chinese noodles made with different levels of green seaweed. Green seaweed powder was incorporated in proportions of 4%, 6%, and 8% in noodles, which were made with or without additional eggs. Proximate compositions, cooking properties, textural intensities, and sensory qualities of noodles were assessed. The addition of seaweed powder increased the crude fiber contents of raw fresh noodles; the fiber contents were 0.100%± 0.015 to 0.449%± 0.013 for noodles made with eggs from 0% to 8% additional seaweed and 0.247%± 0.018 to 0.344%± 0.021 for those without eggs. Higher cooking yields were found in the noodles, due to water absorption during cooking by the fibers and polysaccharides in the seaweed. Significantly higher cooking yields (P < 0.05) were found in the noodles with 8% additional seaweed powder; water uptake readings measured 2.39 ± 0.38 and 2.43 ± 0.25 g H₂O/g noodle for samples made without and with eggs, respectively. Higher water absorption by the seaweed led to softer and spongier textural intensities in the noodles. Breaking energy of cooked fresh egg noodles were 28.94 ± 3.42 to 6.43 ± 1.01 N × mm for 8% to 0% additional seaweed, and the intensities decreased as the amount of seaweed increased; the same pattern was observed in noodles without eggs, where readings were 8.66 ± 1.02 to 3.49 ± 0.25 N × mm. Capacities of extensibility measured 61.81 ± 2.04 to 30.74 ± 0.90 mm for fresh egg noodles with additional seaweed powder from 0% to 8%, and 47.46 ± 2.41 to 28.36 ± 2.25 mm for cooked fresh noodles without eggs. The results from Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that textural parameters were influenced not only by additional eggs and seaweed powder, but also by cooking properties.     

添加淀粉对马铃薯米粉品质的影响

研究3种常用淀粉对马铃薯米粉品质的影响,为马铃薯米粉加工提供参考依据。分别将0%、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的玉米、小麦和马铃薯淀粉添加到马铃薯全粉占比30%的米粉中,测定米粉蒸煮、色差、质构和拉伸性能指标的变化。结果:添加不同淀粉使得米粉的含水量显著减小(p<0.05);玉米、小麦以及5%~20%马铃薯淀粉可使米粉透射比显著增大(p<0.05);10%玉米淀粉能使碘蓝值显著增大(p<0.05);添加10%玉米、5%小麦以及5%~20%马铃薯淀粉,能使吐浆值显著减小(p<0.05);但3种淀粉对断条率影响均不显著。添加10%玉米、10%小麦和5%马铃薯淀粉能使米粉亮度L*显著减小(p<0.05),色度值a*和b*亦发生不同改变。5%~15%玉米淀粉可有效改善米粉硬度、峰值负载,但添加量达到20%时峰值负载形变量显著减小(p<0.05);小麦淀粉可改善弹性,添加10%~15%可有效改善硬度,15%和20%可改善峰值负载和咀嚼性;马铃薯淀粉可提高米粉硬度,但添加量达20%时米粉变得黏连。在实际生产中建议玉米和小麦淀粉添加量分别为5%和10%。     

不同品种紫薯粉鲜湿面条的品质特性及主成分分析

为研究不同品种紫薯粉鲜湿面条品质特性的差异及紫薯粉的加工适宜性,选取10个品种紫薯作为研究对象,采用主成分分析法进行分析和综合评价。结果表明,不同品种紫薯鲜湿面条色泽特性、烹煮特性(熟断条率、烹煮损失率、膨胀率)、质构特性(硬度、黏聚性、回复性、内聚性、弹性、黏度、咀嚼性)、感官评分存在一定的差异性。通过主成分分析方法分析并提取了口感、烹煮、色泽、膨胀特性4项主成分,累积方差贡献率为87.990%。根据主成分综合评价法,总综合排名前4的品种分别是徐紫薯8号(综合得分0.854)、绵紫薯9号(综合得分0.607)、市售紫薯(综合得分0.118)、渝紫薯7号(综合得分0.114),进一步说明徐紫薯8号最适合用于紫薯粉鲜湿面条加工。本文为筛选适宜加工鲜湿面条的专用紫薯粉提供了依据。