熔盐电解法制备铝-钪合金电解质体系电化学性质研究

熔盐体系的电化学性质对熔盐电解过程有很大影响,通过选用铝电解工业通用的冰晶石-氧化铝体系作为熔盐电解制取铝钪合金的基本电解质体系,采用循环伏安法、线性伏安法和稳态极化法对Sc3+在冰晶石熔盐体系中铝电极上的电化学还原过程及氧化钪在石墨电极上的分解电压进行研究.结果表明,Sc3+在熔盐中电解还原过程为一步获得三个电子的简单电荷传递过程.     

电解制备镁及镁合金新型电解质物理化学性质的研究

主要采用MgCl2-NaC1-KCl-CeCl3体系为研究对象,通过改变稀土CeCl3的含量,对熔盐初晶温度、电导率、密度等物理化学性质的影响进行了研究与探讨;并讨论了温度对熔盐密度和电导率的影响;确定了最佳CeCl3含量为5%,得到了电解制备金属镁及镁合金的新型电解质。     

熔盐电解法制备铝钪合金的研究

本文采用了熔盐电解法研究铝钪合金的制备。以氧化钪为原料，LiF—ScF3-ScCl3为电解质体系，铝液为阴极，石墨为阳极，生产过程中析出的主要产物为CO和CO2。随着电解时间的延长，电流效率逐渐增加。最高可达到73％，后又适渐减小，且合金中钪的含量也逐渐增加，最高可达5．88％。随着电解时间的延长，反电动势有升高的趋势。但温度从780℃升高到850℃时，反电动势可以由2．4V降低到1．73V。通过扫描电镜观察发现合金比较均匀。以氧化钪为原料，在电解槽中直接以熔盐电解法生产铝钪合金不仅可以降低合金的生产成本，而且可以减少环境污染。     

CsCl对NaCl-KCl-CsCl熔盐物理性质及铌涂层电沉积行为的影响

因其优异的综合理化性能,铌（Nb）被广泛应用于航空航天、核能和超导领域。其涂层制备方法中,熔盐电沉积技术沉积速率快、阴极电流效率高、绕镀性好,有望实现大规模工业化生产和应用。当前广泛使用的氟化物支持电解质体系毒性大、环保性差,亟待开展更环保的全氯化物支持电解质体系的开发工作。为实现支持电解质熔盐物性的调控和络合离子的稳定化,本文在NaCl-KCl体系中添加CsCl,制备全氯化物支持电解质体系,研究CsCl对支持电解质熔盐物理性质及Nb涂层电沉积行为的影响。结果表明,NaCl-KCl-CsCl三元混合熔盐的共晶温度约为485℃,随CsCl含量增加,熔盐的初晶温度先降低后增大,密度增大,电导率和表面张力减小。CsCl通过改变熔盐的初晶温度和电导率影响熔盐中离子的传质速度,进而影响电沉积Nb涂层的表面质量,其优选含量约为60wt.%。CsCl的添加可使熔盐中含氧络合离子NbOF63-的还原电位负于NbF72-,有助于获得不含氧杂质的Nb涂层。     

KF-NaF-AlF3-X低温电解质体系研究进展

综述了近年来KF-NaF-AlF3-X低温电解质体系的研究进展,主要包括该电解质体系的初晶温度、氧化铝溶解度、电导率的研究及其应用前景,以便为该体系的低温电解研究提供参考.     

Electrolytic Preparation of Mg-La Alloy in Chloride Molten Salt: Effect of Electrolyte Composition

在MgCl2-LaCl3-KCl熔盐体系中,系统研究了恒电位电解过程中,电解质组成对平均电解电流、电解效率和合金成分的影响。用XRD、SEM和EDS对Mg-La合金样品进行了表征。随着初始电解质中LaCl3浓度的增加,平均电解电流逐渐降低。这是由于与MgCl2相比,LaCl3较低的电导率引起的。当LaCl3在初始电解质中的浓度为15%~20%（质量分数）时,电流效率超过90%。合金组成可通过改变电解质组成来调节。     

高温熔盐电导率测试方法

熔盐电解质的导电性对熔盐电解的能耗有极大的影响,直接关系到熔盐电解生产的能耗和成本。介绍了四电极法、连续改变电导池、交流电桥法和交流阻抗法测量高温熔盐电导率的基本原理、优点和存在的问题,为高温熔盐电导率测量方法的选择提供了参考。     

NaF·AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率

采用改进的固定电导池常数法研究 NaF-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率。结果表明, NaF-AlF3-3%Al2O3-3%CaF2-ZrO2熔盐体系的电导率随着ZrO2含量（0~5%）的增加呈降低趋势。每增加1%氧化锆,电导率相应地降低约0.02 S/cm。温度每增加1°C时电导率相应降低约0.004 S/cm。随着NaF与AlF3摩尔比的增加,体系的电导率随之增加。最后采用二次回归正交设计方法,建立分子比相同时电解质的电导率与温度和氧化锆浓度关系的回归方程。     

电解质组成对氯化物体系熔盐电解Mg-La合金的影响（英文）

在Mg Cl2-La Cl3-KCl熔盐体系中,系统研究了恒电位电解过程中,电解质组成对平均电解电流、电解效率和合金成分的影响。用XRD、SEM和EDS对Mg-La合金样品进行了表征。随着初始电解质中La Cl3浓度的增加,平均电解电流逐渐降低。这是由于与Mg Cl2相比,La Cl3较低的电导率引起的。当La Cl3在初始电解质中的浓度为15%~20%(质量分数)时,电流效率超过90%。合金组成可通过改变电解质组成来调节。     

氧化物与氟化物的加入对氯化物熔盐体系电解制备Mg-La合金的影响

以石墨坩埚为阳极,钨棒为阴极,在750℃的MgCl2-LaCl3-KCl熔盐体系中,采用恒电位电解制备Mg—La合金。研究氧化物和氟化物的加入对电解的影响,通过XRD对部分Mg-La合金产物和电解渣进行表征。随着MgO或La203在熔盐电解质中加入量的增加,电流效率和所得合金产物的质量都减小,表明MgO和La203参与电解质中的反应。在加入的氧化物质量相同的情况下,MgO与La2O3相比对电流效率和合金产物质量的影响更明显。XRD研究结果表明：MgO或La2O3加入到熔盐电解质中后,有LaOCl生成,LaOCl电解渣的生成是氧化物对电解消极影响的主要原因。在本实验的的熔盐体系中,CaF2的加入对消除MgO的负面影响没有积极意义,这可能和镧化合物在熔盐电解质中的复杂反应有关。     

Phase diagrams of binary systems: AgNO3KNO3 and AgNO3 -@#@ NaNO3

AgNO₃-KNO₃ and AgNO₃-NaNO₃ phase diagrams were drawn using a simultaneous thermal analysis technique in the range 373 to 623 K. The apparatus is described briefly. Figure 1 shows a continuous solid solution in equilibrium with the liquid phase. It exhibits a eutectoid mixture (20 mol% NaNO₃) at 380.7 K. Figure 2 shows a eutectic mixture (45 mol % KNO₃) at 413 K, a eutectoid mixture (20 mol % KNO₃) at 409 K, and a continuous invariant at 404 K.     

Thermodynamic analysis of the CsNO3-KNO3-NaNo3 system

The thermodynamic properties of the CsNO₃-KNO₃-NaNO₃ system have been derived from an optimization procedure using experimental and published information concerning phase diagram and thermodynamic data for the constituent binary systems and ternary liquid phase. The results are in very close agreement with the experimental data.     

3-D or not 3-D

When developing mathematical models of physical phenomena, physical scientists have been limited to two-dimensional solutions. In some cases, those solutions may be qualitatively correct, but in many others, the solutions are far from reality. This paper presents three examples of the limitations of two-dimensional modeling :diffusion-limited electrolytic reduction of a liquidproduct from a liquid electrolyte, morphological development of a solid dendrite, and behavior of a two-phase fluid under shear.     

三自由度并联机构（3SPS 3SRR）的位置分析

针对一种3SPS-3SRR并联机构,运用符号法对该机构进行位置分析建模及求解。构建动、静坐标系,通过矩阵转换对机构建立约束方程,运用Sylvester消元方法进行消元得到机构单变元输入输出方程,求得机构位姿的封闭解。最后进行实例求解,得到该机构处于一般姿态的32组实数解,并使机构处于特殊位姿,将所得封闭解与预估解对比,从而验证该位置求解模型的正确性。基于符号法的3SPS-3SRR并联机构位置分析模型具有准确、高效的特点,规避了基于数值法的诸多缺点,对该机构的深入分析具有重要理论意义及实用价值。     

GdF_3:Ce~(3+),Ln~(3+)(Ln~(3+)=Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+),Sm~(3+))纳米晶体的制备与发光性能研究

应用共沉淀法,制备共掺同一敏化剂(Ce3+)和不同激活剂(Tb3+,Eu3+,Sm3+,Dy3+)的GdF3纳米晶体。在单一波长(254nm)紫外光的激发下,掺杂不同镧系激活离子的样品能够发射出不同颜色的明亮可见发光,因而适用于多色生物标记。     

3

In this paper, a planning algorithm for multi-path/multi-layer circular locus is poposed. The algorithm is applied to weld the nipples on the header of boiler. Multi-path/multi-layer circular locus is planned according to three teaching points, which is lapped head-on-end to satisfy the requirement of technology. For the nipples wherever they are arranged radially or axially, even if there are errors caused by positioning and thermal deformations, providing that nipple's position and orientation relative to the teaching one can be measured, the multi-path/multi-layer circular locus can be planned without teaching any more. The algorithm has been applied in welding robot for manufacturing power station' boiler.     

Electronic structures of semiconducting FeGa3, RuGa3, OsGa3, and RuIn3 with the CoGa3- or the FeGa3-type structure

Electronic structure of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the crystal structures belonging to the space group of P4n2 (No. 118), which is usually referred to as the CoGa₃-type structure, and P4₂/mnm (No. 136), which is usually referred to as the FeGa₃-type structure, have been calculated using a first-principle pseudopotential method based on the density-functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA) with the generalized gradient correction. All of them have the similar band structure in that the valence band maximum occurs at or near A and the conduction band minimum occurs at a point between Z and Γ. From the total energies calculated, compounds with the FeGa₃-type structures are more stable than those with the CoGa₃-type structures. The band gaps of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the FeGa₃-type structure are about 0.50, 0.26, 0.68, and 0.30 eV, respectively, which are wider than those with the CoGa₃-type structure. Calculated band gaps are wider than the observed gaps, which is unusual in the LDA calculation.     

PMN-PNN-PT陶瓷晶粒异常长大研究

采用两步法和等离子放电烧结技术制备出了致密的单一钙钛矿相的PMN-PNN-PT陶瓷,对其高温热处理后晶粒异常长大进行了研究.发现添加5%(质量分数)过量PbO有助于晶粒的异常长大,观察到了3种典型的异常长大晶粒,为下一步固态法制备该组成单晶打下了基础.     

BiFeO3-BaTiO3-LaFeO3三元多铁性陶瓷材料的制备及性能

采用固相法制备了1-x(0.71BiFeO3-0.29B aTiO3)-xLaFeO3 (x=0.0,0.1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0.5)三元多铁性陶瓷材料,并研究了LaFeO3含量对陶瓷物相结构、微观组织、电学性能和磁电耦合性能的影响。结果显示,所有陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,但随LaFeO3含量的增加,伴随着结构相变。所得陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀,表现出良好的微观形貌,陶瓷晶粒随LaFeO3含量的增加而明显变小。虽然LaFeO3的加入在一定程度上降低了陶瓷的介电常数,但分析发现,x=0.1时能降低陶瓷的漏导,其漏电流达到了最小值,在10-7~10-8 A/cm2数量级,并且该陶瓷的剩余极化强度Pr和磁电耦合系数αME均达到最大值,分别为0.45μC/cm2和132.21 mV/cm·Oe (120 kHz)。因此,与0.71BiFeO3-0.29BaTiO3陶瓷相比,添加少量LaFeO3可以在一定程度上增加陶瓷的铁电性和磁电耦合性能。     

Features of feathery γ structure in a near-γ TiAl alloy

This work characterizes the feathery-like structures produced in a Ti–46.8Al–1.7Cr–1.8Nb (at.%) alloy during rapid continuous cooling from the α domain. Their morphology and crystallography are described using different microscopy and orientation mapping techniques. These feathery-like structures are divided into many small domains, characterized by low-angle misorientations (rotated less than 15°) between the domains. The domains comprise multiple parallel γ lamellae and rare traces of α₂. These lamellae follow the Blackburn orientation relationship and have a {1 1 1}_γ habit plane. Two types of γ-feathery structures were identified according to their location and crystallography. The grain-boundary γ-feathery structures originate from lamellar structures that grow into a neighboring grain. Alternatively, the internal γ-feathery structures are located in the interior of prior α grains and show an average misorientation of 36° around one $〈100{〉}_{{\mathrm{\gamma }}_{\text{L}}}$ axis of the lamellar structure in which it is embedded. This paper describes these two γ-feathery structures in detail and discusses their development in light of the mechanisms available in the literature, particularly sympathetic nucleation.