玻璃纤维静电吸附粘土和成核剂增强聚酰胺66复合材料（英文）

通过静电吸附方法在玻璃纤维(GF)表面吸附粘土和成核剂,将改性玻璃纤维增强体与聚酰胺66(PA66)熔融共混制备高性能复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了粘土和成核剂在玻璃纤维表面的分散状态以及玻璃纤维与基体的界面连接。结果表明,在玻璃纤维表面静电吸附粘土和成核剂,不仅有助于粘土的分散,而且可以提高玻璃纤维与基体的界面连接。玻璃纤维表面吸附的粘土和成核剂可以诱导PA66分子链在纤维表面结晶,提高复合材料的力学性能。因此,与传统PA66/GF复合材料相比,在GF表面吸附少量的粘土(0.18wt%)和成核剂(0.07wt%)可以使复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量分别提高12.2%和12.8%。     

酰胺链硅烷界面结合剂对尼龙66/玻纤复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融挤出共混制备了尼龙66(PA66)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料,比较了常用硅烷偶联剂KH550与不同有机酸封端的酰胺链硅烷界面结合剂(ASI)对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能及界面层结构的影响,探究了复合材料中界面层形成的机理。结果表明,ASI与玻纤表面反应发生了化学反应,ASI添加量为1.5%时,对PA66/GF复合材料的力学性能改善效果最明显,其中,以对苯二甲酸封端,相对分子质量为2000左右的PTA-ASI使PA66/GF复合材料的界面能力提升最高,拉伸强度提高了54.8%,复合材料的综合性能提高最为显著。     

表面修饰碳纳米管对玻璃纤维及复合材料的性能影响

玻璃纤维因良好的力学性能被广泛应用于增强复合材料,而玻璃纤维与树脂基体的界面是影响复合材料性能的关键因素之一。实验中将碳纳米管(CNTs)改性后均匀地分散到浸润剂中,利用玻璃纤维在线成型工艺直接涂覆到玻璃纤维表面并制备复合材料。通过力学性能测试和显微形貌分析,结果表明CNTs能较好地分散于浸润剂和玻璃纤维表面,发现0.5%(质量分数)CNTs可以显著提高玻璃纤维的拉伸强度,并能显著改善纤维和基体的结合强度,从而提高复合材料的强度。     

Talc/GF复合增强PA66材料的协同效应

采用滑石粉(Talc)/玻纤(GF)作为复合增强体系,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了一系列增强尼龙66(PA66)材料。研究了Talc与GF的配比对增强PA66复合材料力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热(DSC)方法对复合材料的微观结构、非等温结晶过程进行了研究。研究结果表明,当PA66/Talc/GF质量配比为70/5/25时Talc与GF复合增强PA66有明显的协同效应,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度以及缺口冲击强度都明显提高。Talc和GF对PA66具有有效的异相成核作用,其加入使得结晶度增大,结晶温度升高;Talc以及GF在PA66基体中分散均匀,GF沿Talc面取向明显,相互协同形成了特殊的三维网络结构。     

多单体接枝聚丙烯对干态和湿态玻纤增强尼龙6性能的影响

通过熔融共混法,加入自制的多单体接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH-EP)制备尼龙6(PA6)/玻璃纤维(GF)/PP-g-MAH-EP复合材料。研究了PP-g-MAH-EP对复合材料吸水前后静态和动态力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜与原子力显微镜分析试样断面微观形貌及微观力学性质的变化。结果表明,PA6/GF/PP-g-MAH-EP复合材料的吸水率随着PP-g-MAH-EP含量的增加逐渐降低,即PP-g-MAH-EP的加入能有效抑制PA6/GF复合材料的吸水率;在干态及相同吸水条件下,PA6/GF/PP-g-MAH-EP复合材料的力学性能明显优于PA6/GF。与PA6/GF相比,当PP-g-MAH-EP加入20 phr时,复合材料综合力学性能最好。PP-g-MAH-EP的加入,有效改善了纤维与尼龙6基体界面的粘接,吸水后的基体树脂在探针作用下的形变量明显降低。     

硅烷偶联剂改性玻璃纤维增强PA6研究

采用硅烷偶联剂对玻璃纤维(GF)进行处理,与PA6共混制备了玻璃纤维增强尼龙6复合材料(PA6/GF)。考察了硅烷偶联剂处理液的浓度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂可以附着在玻璃纤维表面,硅烷偶联剂处理液浓度对处理效果有影响。PA6/GF复合材料的弹性模量和断裂强度随玻璃纤维处理液浓度升高,先增加后降低,硅烷处理液浓度为1.5%时,出现最大值。硅烷处理液浓度对复合材料的冲击强度影响不大。     

尼龙6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的形态、结构及性能研究

采用熔融方法制备了PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料.PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料具有良好的力学性能,其缺口冲击强度比PA 6有显著提高.研究结果表明,有机粘土剥离于PA 6基体中,POE相以岛状结构均匀分散于PA 6基体中;PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的储能模量比PA 6的低,并且随着有机粘土含量的增加而降低.PA 6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随着粘土含量的增加而升高,具有良好的热稳定性.     

复合涂层对玻璃纤维增强尼龙6复合材料界面性能的影响

为了获得界面性能优异的玻璃纤维增强尼龙6复合材料，利用含有聚多巴胺(PDA)和六方氮化硼(h-BN)的复合涂层对玻璃纤维进行表面改性处理，制备出玻璃纤维增强尼龙6复合材料(GF/PA6)。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、接触角测量仪对玻璃纤维晶型结构、化学结构、表面形貌和粗糙度进行表征。同时考察了h-BN的不同添加量对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性能、动态热机械性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明：经过改性处理的玻璃纤维表面被均匀的复合涂层所覆盖，显著增加了玻璃纤维的表面粗糙度、表面活性和化学键能，大大提高了玻璃纤维与尼龙6树脂基体之间的界面啮合作用，且复合涂层的加入能够诱导PA6晶型由γ晶型转变为α晶型，h-BN含量为0.75%时的复合材料力学性能达到最高，拉伸强度达到129.8 MPa，相比改性前提高了79.2%，弯曲强度达到194.8 MPa，相比改性前提高了32.2%。储能模量达到1 742 MPa，相比改性前提高了69.9%。     

碳纳米管-玻璃纤维织物增强环氧复合材料的结构与性能

通过物理沉积法和静电吸附法在玻璃纤维织物(GF)表面包覆多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),制备GF-d-CNTs和GF-a-CNTs两种多尺度增强体,采用真空灌注工艺制备MWCNTs-GF增强环氧复合材料。采用静态、动态力学法、扫描电镜、红外光谱等分析手段,对复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、层间剪切、黏弹性和微观组成结构表征。结果表明:MWCNTs包覆于GF表面形成"倒刺"结构,并通过啮合作用增强了复合材料界面的强度和树脂韧性,提高了复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg)等;与纯GF复合材料相比,GF-d-CNTs复合材料的拉伸强度和模量分别提高14.5%和37.9%,弯曲强度和模量分别提高26.2%和36.6%,层间剪切强度提高31.5%;GF-a-CNTs复合材料的Tg提高了8.9℃。     

尼龙6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融方法制备出尼龙(PA)6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料,并对其力学性能及微观形态进行了研究.力学性能测试结果显示,PA6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料具有良好的力学性能,特别是其缺口冲击强度有显著提高,PA6/POE/粘土纳米复合材料有较好的韧性;广角X射线衍射分析显示,当有机粘土含量比较低时,有机粘土基本上剥离于PA6基体中;电子扫描电镜照片显示,POE相以岛状结构均匀分散于PA 6基体中.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.