Study on the method of recovering and separating indium from residue containing indium

A method of recovering indium from complex smelting residue containing indium was investigated. Indium was extracted by technique of low acid leaching and solvent extraction. The conditions of separating iron and indium were studied and the optimal conditions were determined. When the residue is twoclass-countercurrent leached with 2 mol/L H2SO4 and 30-40 g/L NaC1 at 100 ℃, the leaching rate of indium is 80%. The extraction rate of indium is over 98% and that of iron is less than 5% after it is third-class-countercurrent extracted by P204, and when sulfonated kerosene is used as solvent, acidity in aqueous phase remains the same as that of leaching liquid, and phase is for 1 : 3. Using 2 mol/L HC1 as back-extraction agent, with phase ratio being 5 : 1, by third-class-countercurrent back-extraction, the back-extraction rate of indium is over 99%, but that of iron is very low, which can meet the need of separating indium and iron.     

Solvent extraction of copper and zinc from bioleaching solutions with LIX984 and D2EHPA

The solvent extraction of copper and zinc from the bioleaching solutions of low-grade sulfide ores with LIX984 and D2EHPA was investigated. The influences of extractant content, aqueous pH value, phase ratio and equilibration time on metals extraction were studied. The results show that LIX984 has a higher selectivity for copper than for iron, zinc and other metals, and has the copper extraction rate above 97%, while the zinc and iron extraction rate is less than 1.6% respectively. Zinc extraction is carried out following the copper extraction from the raffinate. The zinc extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) is low due to its poor cation exchange. A sodium salt of D2EHPA is used and the zinc extraction rate is enhanced to above 98%. Though iron (Ⅲ) is strongly extracted before the extraction of zinc by D2EHPA, it is difficult to strip iron from the organic phase by sulfuric acid. The zinc stripping rate is above 99% with 100 g/L sulfuric acid, while that of iron is 0.16%. Hence,the separation of zinc from iron can be achieved by the selective stripping.     

醋酸废水络合萃取处理技术研究

以TBP＋煤油为萃取剂对低浓度醋酸废水进行络合萃取研究,分别研究了时间、相比、TBP与煤油的体积比对络合萃取的影响;采用逆流萃取法对醋酸废水进行萃取和反萃工艺研究;用反萃后的萃取剂与新鲜萃取剂对同一溶液做对比试验,萃取率分别达到51．08％和51．91％,说明反萃后的有机相是可以反复利用的,经多次实验验证是正确的．     

Supported liquid membrane extraction to treat coal gasification wastewater containing high concentrations phenol

The hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction was introduced to treat coal gasification wastewater to recover phenolic compounds,with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as carrier,kerosene as the membrane solvent,sodium hydroxide solution as the stripping agent and PVDF as the membrane material. Factors having strong impact on the extraction efficiency were studied in detail,including the mass transfer mode,twophase flow rate,stripping phase concentration. As extraction system with 20% TBP-kerosene,parallel flow mass transfer,stripping phase concentration 0.1 mol/L,the optimal operating conditions could be obtained. Under the optimum operating conditions,the time required to reach equilibrium for the extraction is 50 min, and extraction efficiency of phenol is 86. 2% and the phenol concentration of effluent is 98.64 mg/L.     

Extraction separation of germanium with hydroxamic acid HGS98

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磷类混合萃取剂对铟、铁分离的研究

介绍了混合萃取剂的组成 ,考察了萃取剂浓度、相比、平衡时间以及料液 pH值对In萃取及In、Fe分离的影响 .在最佳操作条件下 ,经过 2级逆流萃取 ,98%以上的In得到提取 .并进一步考察了萃取剂经多次循环运行后的抗老化性能     

碳化作用对固化/稳定化污染土中铅的化学溶出特性的影响

固化/稳定化技术已广泛应用于重金属污染场地修复,而二氧化碳碳化作用会改变水泥固化重金属污染黏性土中污染物的化学溶出行为.以铅污染土为对象,采用酸/碱滴定试验和pH相关溶出试验测得浸出液中铅的浓度与pH值的关系,通过连续提取试验确定铅的5种化学赋存形态,研究碳化作用下水泥固化重金属污染黏性土化学溶出特性的变化以及重金属污...     

不同辅助方法对刺玫果总多酚提取率的影响

探索不同辅助方法对刺玫果总多酚提取率的影响。通过单因素和正交试验获得传统溶剂法提取刺玫果总多酚的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1:50(g:mL)、提取溶剂为50%的乙醇溶液、提取温度80℃、提取1.5h,总多酚提取率为11.28mg/g;然后分别考察离子液体辅助、离子液体协同超声波辅助、离子液体协同超声波-微波辅助对刺玫果总多酚提取率的影响。试验结果表明,经离子液体氯化-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑辅助提取后刺玫果总多酚的提取率较传统溶剂法提高了14.98%;经离子液体协同超声波辅助提取后刺玫果总多酚提取率提高了16.13%;经离子液体协同超声波-微波辅助提取后刺玫果总多酚提取率提高了20.66%。上述结果表明,离子液体辅助、离子液体协同超声波辅助、离子液体协同超声波-微波辅助均能提高刺玫果总多酚的提取率,为刺玫果总多酚的后续开发利用提供了试验参考。     

海带岩藻黄素提取工艺的优化

以海带为原料,采用有机溶剂提取法对岩藻黄素的提取工艺进行研究。通过单因素试验分析了不同溶剂、温度、时间及料液比对提取效果的影响,优化了岩藻黄素提取条件。结果表明,最佳的提取条件为80%甲醇、料液比1∶10、40℃提取1 h、提取2次,岩藻黄素得率为0.556 mg/g。应用甲醇溶液从海带中提取岩藻黄素效果较好,提取率达95.3%。     

姜油树脂的优化提取及其抗氧化性研究

以生姜为原料,采用有机溶剂浸提法提取姜油树脂．通过单因素和正交试验探讨了溶剂种类、溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度、粉末颗粒大小以及提取次数等对姜油树脂提取率的影响．结果表明：鲜生姜60℃以下干燥,粉碎过40目筛,最佳溶剂60％乙醇,料液比1：10,70℃条件下回流提取2次,每次3h,姜油树脂提取率最高达到3．65％．DPPH自由基清除实验表明姜油树脂具有较好的抗氧化活性．     

超声辅助作用柴油深度氧化脱硫的影响因素

催化氧化脱硫是降低柴油硫含量的非加氢脱硫工艺,在催化氧化溶剂抽提的基础上,增加超声波为反应提供能量。采用H2O2-甲酸作为氧化剂将辽河直馏柴油中的硫化物氧化成相应的砜,考察了氧化反应时间、温度、剂油体积比对脱硫效果的影响。实验结果表明,在超声频率为28 kHz,超声功率为200 W,H2O2和甲酸体积比为1∶1,萃取剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,一次萃取10 min,萃取剂与油体积比为1∶2的条件下,反应氧化剂与油的体积比为1∶10,温度为50 ℃,氧化反应时间为10 min为较适宜的条件,其脱硫率达到87.8%。     

从氧化铜矿氨浸出液中萃取铜的研究

将原本用于从酸浸出液中萃取铜的萃取剂LIX84-I用来从氨浸出液中萃取铜,获得了成功,并实现了工业化生产．实验室研究表明,在萃取原液含铜浓度3g／L,pH〉4．22,相比1：1,氨浓度1．5mol／L,混合时间3min的条件下,LIX84-I是从氨浸出液中萃取铜的有效萃取剂,萃取率可达到99．9％．在工业生产中发现,将氨浸出液中固体微粒的含量控制在不超过120mg／L和维持二氧化碳浓度不低于O．5mol／L．是保证生产上铜萃取作业顺利进行的必要条件．用电积残液（酸浓度约200g／L）返回反萃作业作为反萃剂使用,可以进行铜的反萃,反萃率可达到99．94％．     

Recovery of zinc from low-grade zinc oxide ores by solvent extraction

1　INTRODUCTIONZincoxideoresarethemainsourceofzincmetalaf terzincsulfideores .Withtheescalatingdepletionofzincsulfideores,zincoxideoresincludingwillemite(Zn2 SiO4 ) ,hemimorphite[Zn4 (Si2 O7) (OH)·H2 O]andsmithsonite (ZnCO3) ,becameanimportantsourceofzinc[1] .InChina,zincoxideoresarerelativelyabundant,whicharemainlystoredinsouthwestandnorth westChi na,suchasYunnan ,Sichuan ,GuangxiandGansuprovince[2 ] .Manystudieshavebeendoneontheconcentrationofzincoxideores,yettheprogressesaresli…     

微波与超声波提取绞股蓝总皂甙比较研究

以绞股蓝全草为原料,采用微波和超声波对绞股蓝总皂甙提取进行了对比研究,两种方法分别采用单因素实验及正交试验,探讨了优化提取条件和参数.结果表明：微波提取的优化工艺参数,料液比为1g：25mL,微波处理时间为11min,微波功率为400W,总皂甙提取率为7.59%;超声波提取的优化工艺参数,料液比为1g：25mL,提取温度为70℃,超声波处理时间为20min,超声波功率为400W,总皂甙提取率为8.01%.     

Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction of lignan compounds from Fructus Forsythiae by orthogonal design

Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction （MASBE） process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows： pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W, mass ratio ofFructus Forsythiae to water is 1：12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.     

正交分析法优化裂褶菌多糖的微波辅助提取工艺

采用响应曲面法优选和探讨微波提取裂褶菌多糖的最优工艺。在单因素试验的基础上采用SAS 8.2软件设计试验,用响应面分析优化提取时间、料液比、提取温度、微波强度各因素及其相互作用的最佳组合。结果表明,裂褶菌多糖的最优提取工艺条件提取时间为20 min,料液比为1∶28.5,提取温度为51℃,微波强度为548 W,此条件下,多糖实际提取率为1.765%。与其他方法比较,微波提取方法时间短,得率高,是裂褶菌多糖提取的一种优选方法。     

高压脉冲电场促进啤酒酵母细胞RNA快速溶出的技术

以啤酒废酵母泥为原料,以啤酒废酵母细胞中的RNA溶出率为衡量指标,对比分析了高压脉冲电场(HPEF)技术对啤酒废弃酵母中RNA在水、乙醇、三氯乙酸3种提取溶剂中的溶出情况,并借助二次通用旋转组合实验设计,构建出HPEF快速提取啤酒废酵母细胞中的RNA的数学模型;对比发现,以乙醇为提取溶剂的RNA得率是水的1.69倍,RNA得率提高了40.86%,进而优化出HPEF提取RNA的最佳工艺参数为:以体积分数50%的乙醇为提取溶剂,电场强度为50kV/cm,脉冲数为2个(电场作用时间仅为0.0067s),液料比为30∶1,且在该条件下溶出的RNA得率达到0.85%。     

有机溶剂法提取黄粉虫油脂工艺研究

以黄粉虫为原料,研究了有机溶剂法提取黄粉虫油脂的工艺.对影响萃取率的因素:溶剂的选择、同液比、提取温度及时间等条件进行研究,并做正交试验,确定了获得最大提取率的条件,即:以无水乙醚作提取剂,料液比为1:6,温度40℃,时间为3 h.此条件下,萃取率达31.76%.此外对黄粉虫粗油进行精制,得到透明浅黄色、香味纯正的黄粉虫油.     

Mechanism of crud formation in copper solvent extraction

The authors investigated the mechanism of crud formation in copper solvent extraction. It is indicated that pH value of solution and the phase ratio (O/A) are the main factors affecting crud formation in solvent extraction. The amount of crud extraction increases with aqueous pH value increase, and reduces with the increase of the phase ratio. Fe3 , Mg2 , fine air bubble and suspended particulates in leaching solution contribute to crud formation. One case is that a series of reactions of hydrolization and polymerization occurs for Fe3 , while pH＞2.5, polyhydric complex or Fe-SO4 complex are formed. Then the complex-ions of FeOH2 , Fe2(OH)4 2 cause poly-reaction, which is likely to lead emulsion. The study on Zeta potential indicates the repulsion between electriferous droplets in solvent extraction prevents phase coalescence, which is one of the major reasons for emulsion.     

微波辅助提取马铃薯粉渣中果胶工艺研究

以马铃薯粉渣为原料,研究微波辅助提取果胶工艺.对比了液料比、提取pH值、微波加热时间、微波功率和硫酸铝用量对果胶提取率的影响,确定优化提取方案.结果表明,优化的提取条件为：液料比15∶1,提取pH值为2,微波加热时间为5 min,微波功率0.4 kW,硫酸铝用量7 mL,果胶提取率为1.853 7%,比传统提取方法时间缩短、产率提高、大量节约溶剂.