纳米SiO2对火焰喷涂尼龙1010涂层力学性能的影响

为了探讨纳米SiO2对火焰喷涂尼龙1010(PA1010)涂层力学及热性能的影响,利用电子拉力机和示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对火焰喷涂PA1010/纳米SiO2复合涂层的力学性能及热性能等进行了测试.结果表明:当复合涂层配比为m(PA1010):m(n-SiO2)=100.0:1.5时,其综合性能较佳,涂层自拉伸强度为69.8 MPa,涂层与基体的结合强度为28.9 MPa;纳米SiO2有明显的异质成核作用,使复合涂层的过冷度由27.0℃下降为24.0℃;纳米SiO2能够显著提高涂层的力学性能,有助于提高复合涂层的结晶速率,具有明显的成核作用.     

火焰喷涂尼龙/纳米TiO2复合涂层性能的研究

为了探讨纳米TiO2对火焰喷涂尼龙1010涂层力学及抗老化性能的影响,利用电子拉力机对火焰喷涂尼龙1010/纳米TiO2复合涂层的力学性能及耐老化性能进行了测试.结果表明,当复合涂层配比为m(PA1010):m(n-TiO2)=100.0:0.5时,复合涂层综合性能较佳,涂层自拉伸强度为43.10 MPa,涂层与基体结合强度为40.23 MPa;涂层经240 h紫外线老化后,强度保持率分别为97.0%和87.2%.纳米TiO2能够显著提高涂层力学性能和抗老化性能.     

MgO/SiO2复合纳米的摩擦自修复性能研究

为研究MgO/SiO2复合纳米的磨损自修复作用及摩擦条件对修复的影响，将MgO/SiO2复合纳米作为添加剂加入350SN基础油中，在HQ-1环块摩擦磨损试验机上考察了MgO/SiO2复合纳米对磨损表面的修复作用，在不同的载荷、转速、修复时间条件下进行了修复试验，并探讨了摩擦条件对纳米MgO/SiO2自修复性能的影响机理。结果表明，MgO/SiO2复合纳米添加剂对磨损表面具有良好的修复作用，其自修复性能受载荷、速度、摩擦时间影响。在适当的摩擦条件下，试块有明显的增重，修复后表面粗糙度Ra降低了11.2％，表明MgO/SiO2有摩擦自修复功能。     

热喷涂乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物／纳米SiO2复合涂层工艺及性能

采用火焰喷涂法制备了乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)/纳米SiO2复合涂层,并利用电子拉力机、紫外老化箱、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段对涂层的力学、老化及热性能等进行了分析.结果表明,在适当的喷涂工艺条件下,物料在火焰喷涂过程中没有发生氧化或降解;纳米SiO2的加入能明显提高涂层的力学及抗老化性能.当纳米SiO2质量分数为1.0%时,复合涂层综合性能最佳,涂层的自拉伸强度为33.87 MPa;经紫外老化260 h后,复合涂层强度保持率为72.3%;DSC分析表明,纳米SiO2有明显的成核剂作用,能提高复合涂层的结晶度,加快复合涂层的结晶速度.     

纳米ZrO2对热喷涂尼龙1010涂层非等温结晶与熔融行为的影响

利用火焰喷涂法制备了尼龙1010(PA1010)/n-ZrO2复合涂层,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对复合涂层的非等温结晶过程、熔融行为进行了分析.结果表明,纳米ZrO2粒子的加入不仅能提高复合涂层的结晶速率和结晶温度,而且使复合涂层的熔融峰肩峰的熔融温度高于纯PA1010涂层.结论:纳米ZrO2粒子具有成核剂的作用,诱导尼龙大分子结晶,使其结晶能力及结晶的完善程度提高.     

纳米Fe2O3对聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

利用M-2000型摩擦磨损试验机考察了干滑动下纳米Fe2O3改性的聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯(PU/PVDF)复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能。采用扫描电子显微镜分析了纳米Fe2O3在复合涂层中的分布以及涂层的磨损表面。结果显示纳米Fe2O3在涂层中分布比较均匀,少量的纳米Fe2O3的加入不仅降低了聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯复合涂层的摩擦系数,而且还提高了聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯复合涂层的抗磨性。负载对复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能有较大的影响,随着负载的增加,涂层的磨损率升高。     

纳米SiO2对聚醚砜酮复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

在MM-2000型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了不同载荷和速度下纳米SiO2含量对聚醚砜酮（PPESK）复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响，并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析PPESK及纳米SiO2/PPESK复合材料磨损表面形貌及磨损机理，结果表明：纳米SiO2不但可以提高PPESK的耐磨性，而且还有较好的减摩作用，在本研究的试验条件下，当纳米SiO2的质量分数为25%时，填充PPESK复合材料具有最佳摩擦学性能。随着载荷的增大，填充PPESK的摩擦系数降低，填料含量在20%质量分数以下时随载荷增大其耐磨性提高较明显，而填料含量超过20%质量分数时载荷对复合材料耐磨性的影响不大。     

纳米SiO2对聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层在水润滑下摩擦学性能的影响

考察了纳米SiO₂对聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层在水润滑下摩擦磨损性能的影响。利用FTIR分析纳米SiO₂与聚丙烯酸酯的界面结合;利用SEM观察复合涂层磨损表面,并结合FTIR和摩擦磨损实验分析其磨损机理。结果表明:水润滑时,聚丙烯酸酯在摩擦过程中会发生摩擦化学反应,引起涂层摩擦腐蚀磨损;而纳米SiO₂能与聚丙烯酸酯以化学键的形式结合,它的加入有助于摩擦界面在水介质中形成具有较好减摩作用的表面膜和水分子膜,提高聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层的耐磨性。在水润滑下,当纳米SiO₂的含量较低时,涂层表面的磨损形式为摩擦腐蚀磨损和磨粒磨损;当纳米SiO₂的含量达到5wt% 时,涂层表面形成完整的表面膜和水分子膜,此时涂层具有良好的摩擦学性能。      

无溶剂型纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂料的制备及性能

为了提高环氧树脂涂料的综合性能,以KH-560硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行原位改性,制备了无溶剂型纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂料。用FT-IR及分散性试验研究了纳米SiO2原位改性的效果;探讨了改性纳米SiO2对复合涂层表面形貌、力学性能、耐紫外光老化性、耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:KH-560硅烷偶联剂的有机分子链段成功地键合在纳米SiO2粒子表面,改性后的纳米SiO2粒子能均匀地分散在二甲苯中;纳米SiO2能够显著改善环氧树脂涂层的力学性能,当其含量为3%时最好;复合涂层耐紫外光老化及耐腐蚀性比环氧树脂涂层有较大的提高。本无溶剂型纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂层对基材有良好的保护作用。     

纳米ZnO和SiO2共混填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

以纳米ZnO和纳米SiO2作为复合填料,通过热压成型工艺制备了纳米ZnO-SiO2复合填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料;采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢配副时的摩擦磨损行为;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损表面形貌。结果表明,适量的纳米ZnO-SiO2作为复合填料可有效地改善UHMWPE的摩擦磨损性能,其中填充2%ZnO 2%SiO2的UHMWPE基复合材料改性效果最为明显。与纯UHMWPE材料相比,其磨损率下降了84.7%。纯UHMWPE的磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,而不同含量的无机纳米微粒共混填充UHMWPE基复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损、犁沟效应和塑性变形特征。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。