共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
以采用电阻加热法制备的纳米铜粒子为催化剂,在低温下催化乙炔制备了纳米碳纤维。所制备的纳米碳纤维具有螺旋型和直线型两种形貌。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纳米碳纤维进行了表征。纳米铜催化剂粒子在催化纤维的生长过程中,经历了一个重要的形状变化过程。催化剂粒子尺寸对所制备的纳米碳纤维的形貌有很大的影响。通常有两根螺旋纳米碳纤维以对称模式在单个粒径小于50nm的催化剂粒子上生长,它们的旋向相反,但是具有相同的螺旋直径、螺旋长度、螺旋缠绕程度和纤维直径。较大尺寸的催化剂粒子易生长直线型纳米碳纤维。 相似文献
2.
采用静电纺丝、化学还原及高温碳化方法制备了碳纳米纤维螯合钯纳米粒子复合催化剂。实验详细考察了三种还原剂 (硼氢化钠、水合肼、氢气)在催化剂制备过程中对钯纳米粒子及碳纤维形貌的影响。通过固体紫外、X射线粉末衍射、红外、扫描电镜、场发射透射电镜等测试方法对已制备的一系列催化剂进行表征。结果表明选择氢气为还原剂时, 碳纤维上获得了7 nm左右、粒子分布均匀的钯纳米粒子, 催化剂相对柔韧, 继而将此催化剂应用于Heck偶联反应测试其催化及循环利用特性。催化结果证实此方法制备的催化剂具有优异的稳定性、底物耐受性、可回收性。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
综述了原子转移自由基聚合法、反向原子转移自由基聚合法、电子转移生成催化剂原子转移自由基聚合法、电子转移活化再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合法在无机纳米粒子表面接枝聚合物的研究进展,介绍了聚合物接枝改性过程中不同催化体系的特点。采用上述方法在无机纳米粒子表面接枝改性,均能有效控制纳米复合粒子的粒径及其分布,提高纳米粒子的分散性、耐久性和相容性且反应条件简单、可控性强,是前景广阔的聚合方法。 相似文献
6.
展示了一种非传统的水热方法,由金属薄膜与超纯水的一步水热法合成制备ZnO薄膜负载Pt纳米粒子的光阳极催化剂。通过改变初始金属薄膜的成分,可以调节光阳极中Pt纳米粒子的负载量,并通过对光电化学催化水分解效率的测量,系统探讨Pt负载量对光阳极催化剂光电化学性能的影响。由于该水热法所生成的光阳极催化剂具有独特微纳结构,因此该ZnO/Pt复合光阳极即使在催化剂质量为微克级时仍表现出高的催化活性,并且随着Pt纳米粒子负载量的增加,其水分解性能得到提高。当Pt纳米粒子的物质的量分数为5.6%时,ZnO/Pt复合光阳极光电流密度达到最大值,约为纯ZnO光阳极光电流密度的1.3倍。不仅制备出一种高催化活性的复合光电催化剂,而且为氧化物半导体贵金属复合催化剂的制备提供了一种简单、绿色的新方法。 相似文献
7.
用纳米Fe3O4磁性粉末作为载体,负载α-二亚胺N i催化剂制得磁性纳米催化剂。通过乙烯在纳米催化剂粒子表面原位聚合得到既不同于结构型磁性材料也不同于普通复合型磁性材料的一种新型磁性支化聚乙烯材料。 相似文献
8.
催化剂结构与形态对碳纳米管生长的影响 总被引:15,自引:11,他引:4
采用溶胶-凝胶超临界流体干燥技术制备了含铁、钴的纳米SiO2复合气凝胶催化剂,用于碳纳米管和纳米碳包覆磁性纳米粒子的合成。利用N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、HRTEM、EDS、SAED等手段对催化剂在不同温度下处理后晶型的转变、形态的变化进行了分析,并考察了催化剂对碳纳米管形貌、结构和碳增重率的变化。结果表明:随着处理温度从600℃升高到1000℃,催化剂比表面积从312.4m2 g降低到79.6m2 g,催化剂粒子从非晶态向晶态转变,粒径从5nm增大至60nm左右,碳的增重率从254.8%下降41.5%。采用低温处理的催化剂,碳产物中以碳纳米管为主,而采用较高温度处理后的催化剂,碳产物中则以碳包覆粒子为主,且随处理温度的升高碳包覆粒子的含量逐渐增加。 相似文献
9.
通过酰胺化的方法(二酰亚胺活化)制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)支撑的Pt(GO-Pt)纳米粒子,研究了其作为0.5mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中联胺电氧化电催化剂的催化活性与稳定性。通过表征技术探究了GO-Pt纳米粒子的物理化学性质,GO-Pt纳米粒子的平均粒径为2.6nm,其粘附性强,并且Pt纳米粒子高度密集的分散沉积在酰胺化的GO上。循环伏安图表明,与商业Pt/C和Pt金属电极相比,该催化剂在催化强酸性溶液中联胺的电氧化过程中,能够明显地提高催化活性和长期稳定性。这些增强的电化学性质归因于小尺寸且分散性极好的Pt纳米粒子沉积在酰胺化GO后形成的大量电化学活性表面。 相似文献
10.
11.
系统总结了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)用催化剂的种类,以及其在长时间运行过程中性能衰减的主要原因,归纳了近年来提高催化剂稳定性的改进方法,包括改变合金组成、对催化剂表面进行修饰、选择高稳定性催化剂载体、制备新型催化剂材料;最后提出了该催化剂材料研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。 相似文献
12.
13.
The formation and stability of bimetallic catalyst particles, in the framework of carbon nanotube growth, is studied using the Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) method for alloys. Monte Carlo-Metropolis simulations with the BFS method are utilized in order to predict and study equilibrium configurations for nanoscale catalyst particles which are directly relevant to the catalyst state prior to growth of carbon nanotubes. At the forefront of possible catalyst combinations is the popular Fe-Mo bimetallic catalyst, which we have recently studied experimentally. We explain our experimental results, which indicate that the growth observed is dependent on the order of co-catalyst deposition, in the straightforward interpretation of BFS strain and chemical energy contributions toward the formation of Fe-Mo catalyst prior to growth. We find that the competition between the formation of metastable inner Mo cores and clusters of surface-segregated Mo atoms in Fe-Mo catalyst particles influences catalyst formation, and we investigate the role of Mo concentration and catalyst particle size in this process. Finally, we apply the same modeling approach to other prominent bimetallic catalysts and suggest that this technique can be a powerful tool to understand and manipulate catalyst design for highly efficient carbon nanotube growth. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Zeolites》1992,12(4):415-419
The liquid-phase hydration of acrylonitrile to acrylamide has been studied using copper-exchanged Y zeolite. This zeolite shows ∼ 90% selectivity in the hydration of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. The other products formed in the hydration reaction are ethylene cyanohydrin and β,β′-dicyanodiethyl ether. The repeated reuse of the catalyst in the reaction shows that the catalyst becomes deactivated much faster compared to the Ranay copper catalyst. Characterization of the catalyst surface by ESCA has been attempted to corroborate the catalyst activity with surface composition. 相似文献
16.
P. N. Tsybulev V. A. Pop P. N. Voronin I. V. Ocheretyanyi N. V. Parkhomenko 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》1997,70(4):598-604
Thermodynamic and kinetic regularities of the process of obtaining oxide catalysts by thermolysis of solutions in a plasma
flow are investigated. A plasmochemical method of catalyst synthesis is developed and experimentally studied. Working parameters
of the process are found and the catalyst synthesis conditions are related to its properties. A flow diagram of catalyst synthesis
is suggested and tested in experiments. 相似文献
17.
采用浸渍-液相还原法合成Pt/C催化剂, 以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为疏水材质, 多孔陶瓷球为支撑载体制备出0.8wt%Pt-C-PTFE的球形(φ5.5 mm)疏水催化剂。通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析了催化剂的物理性能, 液相催化反应进行了水去氘化的氢同位素交换性能表征。结果表明, Pt/C催化剂中金属铂负载量小于20%时, 铂粒子平均粒径可以控制在2.4 nm左右。铂粒子价态为Pt0、Pt2+、Pt4+, 其中零价态铂含量约为60%。金属铂负载量、疏水催化剂的装填比及交换温度对其总传质系数有较大影响。纳米铂单质和其氧化物共同作用实现催化交换。 相似文献
18.
19.
PBT/PET共聚酯是兼有PET和PBT优良特性的新材料。本文研究了共聚酯的合成条件。结果表明催化剂和反应温度对EG/BD与DMT的酯交换和共聚合反应有明显的影响,混合催化剂比单一催化剂效果好,Zn-Co-Ti催化体系对酯交换有较高的催化活性,缩聚催化荆以Sb-Ti体系为佳。共聚酯的色泽与反应温度、时间、催化剂种类及EG/BD的比例有关。在合适条件下,得到特性粘度为0.9以上的无着色的共聚酯。 相似文献
20.
Two different single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth modes (cap growth mode and circumference growth mode) are shown to exist. General SWNT diameter windows are derivable from catalyst particle size considerations. In addition, an almost complete picture of nanotube diameter dependencies for the cap growth mode is drawn from experiment. The nanotube diameter always scales linear with temperature, but the degree of dependence varies with the catalyst element. The nanotube diameter scales logarithmically with the gas pressure and catalyst composition. Very few or exactly one atom of a catalyst additive is sufficient to induce SWNT diameter changes. The experimental data allow the conclusion that the observed nanotube diameter is based on materials properties of sp2-bonded carbon/graphene sheets, on individual properties of the catalyst elements, and on additional kinetic components from temperature and pressure changes. Indications are found for a specific and maybe decisive role of adsorbate atoms at the surface of a catalyst particle on the nanotube diameter and therefore on the process of nanotube nucleation and growth. 相似文献