具有金属螯合活性的蚕豆蛋白酶解物的制备

目的探究蚕豆蛋白酶解物的金属螯合活性,研究其金属螯合活性与其抗氧化活性的关系。方法分别采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对蚕豆蛋白进行酶解,并测定其水解物的抗氧化活性与金属螯合活性,选用碱性蛋白酶为酶解蚕豆蛋白制取金属螯合肽的最适酶,以酶解产物的水解度、抗氧化活性及金属螯合活性为测定指标获得合适的水解条件。结果 3种蛋白酶的蚕豆蛋白酶解产物都有金属螯合活性和抗氧化活性,碱性蛋白酶为酶解蚕豆蛋白的最适酶,最适酶解时间为4 h时,得到的酶解产物金属离子螯合率为88.22%,抑制羟自由基能力为220.70 U/mg,总还原力为0.03 U/mg。结论蚕豆蛋白酶解物具有一定的金属离子螯合活性与抗氧化活性,水解度对蚕豆蛋白酶解物的金属离子螯合活性及抗氧化活性有明显的影响,蚕豆蛋白酶解物的金属螯合活性与总还原力及抑制羟自由基能力呈现显著的正相关性,相关系数分别为0.925、0.968(P0.01)。     

大米蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性及功能性质研究

采用不同的蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、精制中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶)水解大米蛋白,以制备抗氧化活性肽.结果发现,精制中性蛋白酶水解大米蛋白得到的产物对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,而且水解度其清除能力影响显著.同时测定了酶解产物的还原能力、金属离子螯合能力以及在Fe2引发的亚油酸过氧化物体系中的抗氧化活性,结果表明,此酶解产物表现出一定的还原能力,能够抑制由Fe2 引发的亚油酸过氧化物体系中的抗氧化活性,具有一定的金属离子螯合能力.结果表明,这种肽具有一定的抗氧化活性,具有良好的功能特性.     

海参酶解液的体外抗氧化活性研究

分别选用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶水解海参体壁,以DPPH·清除能力、O2-·清除能力、Fe2+螯合力和还原力为抗氧化指标,研究不同海参酶解液体外抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明,随着水解时间的增加,5种酶解液基本上均表现出酶解液的抗氧化能力先增加后下降的趋势。菠萝蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶酶解液的DPPH·清除能力和O2-·清除能力较强;胰蛋白酶酶解液的Fe2+螯合能力最强;而木瓜蛋白酶酶解液的还原力最大。从清除自由基角度上,菠萝蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶可作为开发海参抗氧化肽的优选工具酶。     

8种食用菌蛋白及其酶解产物抗氧化活性研究

目的:综合评价8种食用菌(香菇、平菇、杏鲍菇、红菇、大球盖菇、草菇、白玉菇、蟹味菇)蛋白及其酶解产物的抗氧化活性。方法:采用碱性蛋白酶对8种食用菌蛋白进行酶解,以DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS自由基清除活性、Fe2+螯合率和还原力为指标,对8种食用菌蛋白及其碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示,碱性蛋白酶可以有效地将蛋白质水解为小分子的肽和氨基酸;草菇蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化活性最高,DPPH自由基清除能力为(5 140.45±5.35) μg Trolox/g,ABTS自由基清除能力为(6.97±0.27) mmol Trolox/L,Fe²⁺螯合率为(79.86±0.45)%,还原力为0.350±0.001,且含有8种必需氨基酸(230.43±5.35) mg/g和较高抗氧化活性的疏水性氨基酸(209.95±4.95) mg/g、负电荷氨基酸(115.89±2.32) mg/g和芳香族氨基酸(57.86±1.74) mg/g。结论:草菇碱性蛋白酶解产物有较好的抗氧化活性且富含必需氨基酸、疏水性氨基酸、负电荷氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸。     

鲨鱼肉酶解物的抗氧化作用及其稳定性研究

以还原能力和金属离子螯合能力、清除DPPH·、O2-·、OH·自由基能力为指标,考察鲨鱼肉酶解物的抗氧化活性,同时以清除自由基DPPH·的活性为指标,分析温度和pH值对其抗氧化作用稳定性的影响。结果表明:鲨鱼肉酶解液产物具有一定的还原能力和金属离子螯合能力,其清除DPPH·、O2-·、OH·自由基的IC50值分别为10.16、23.71、19.82mg/mL。酶解产物耐热性强;在酸性环境中,鲨鱼肉酶解液能较好地保持其抗氧化活性,但在碱性环境中抗氧化活性丧失较快。     

鳄鱼皮酶解产物功能特性及抗氧化活性

为了解鳄鱼皮酶解产物功能特性和抗氧化活性,采用2种商业蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)在各自最适反应条件下分别酶解鳄鱼皮,研究水解度(DH)、酶种类及pH值对酶解产物功能特性及抗氧化活性的影响.结果显示:随着酶解时间延长,鳄鱼皮水解度逐渐增加,鳄鱼皮在碱性蛋白酶酶解作用下水解度较高,水解4h时可达12％;木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物与碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的溶解性差异不显著(P＞0.05).相同水解度下,碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的热稳定性在pH4时优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物.酶解时间在1h之内,木瓜蛋白酶酶解物亚铁离子螯合力明显增强;随着时间延长,酶解产物亚铁离子螯合能力变化不显著(P＞0.05).酶解3h后碱性蛋白酶酶解产物亚铁离子螯合能力高于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物,但木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基能力.综上表明,碱性蛋白酶水解作用的鳄鱼皮水解度较高,其酶解产物乳化活性和热稳定性优于木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物;鳄鱼皮酶解产物抗氧化能力较强,有较高的开发利用价值.     

大口黑鲈鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的制备及抗氧化活性研究

目的：探究酶种类对胶原蛋白肽抗氧化活性的影响。方法：从大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)鱼皮中提取胶原蛋白,采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解胶原蛋白,得到碱性蛋白酶酶解胶原蛋白肽(APP)、中性蛋白酶酶解胶原蛋白肽(NPP)、木瓜蛋白酶酶解胶原蛋白肽(PP)、胰蛋白酶酶解胶原蛋白肽(TP),比较其总抗氧化活性、还原活性、对DPPH·、·OH 和O-2·清除能力以及亚铁离子螯合能力和脂质氧化抑制活性。结果：4种蛋白酶酶解胶原蛋白肽都具有抗氧化活性,且抗氧化能力与胶原蛋白肽浓度呈正相关,其中APP的抗氧化活性最佳,总抗氧化活性和还原活性分别为1.725和0.958,对DPPH·和O-2·清除率分别为56.35%和38.41%。结论：碱性蛋白酶酶解的胶原蛋白肽抗氧化活性更佳。     

鳄鱼骨双酶酶解产物的功能特性及其抗氧化活性

为了全面了解酶解时间、蛋白酶种类对鳄鱼骨蛋白酶解产物抗氧化性和功能特性的影响,采用木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及双酶(先加入木瓜蛋白酶,后加入碱性蛋白酶)在各自最适条件下对其进行酶解,制备了不同水解度的酶解产物,并对其功能特性及抗氧化性进行分析。结果表明:随着酶解时间的延长,酶解产物的亚铁离子螯合能力和还原力均有所增强。在酶解0.25 h时,酶解产物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,随着酶解时间的延长,木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物清除DPPH自由基的能力不断下降,碱性蛋白酶先下降后上升,而双酶酶解产物则没有显著变化。在2～4 h内相同酶解时间下,与单酶酶解产物相比,双酶酶解产物具有较强的亚铁离子螯合能力、还原力及清除DPPH自由基的能力(P<0.05)。在酶解产物的功能性质方面,随着酶解时间的延长,双酶酶解产物较单一酶酶解产物具有更好的溶解性、热稳定性及乳化性。结果表明,双酶酶解较单一酶酶解得到的产物具有较强的抗氧化性。     

贻贝蛋白的酶解及其酶解物的抗氧化活性研究

比较了6种不同的蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)对贻贝粗蛋白的酶解效果,确定碱性蛋白酶为最适用酶。用此酶制备不同水解度(DH 6%、DH 11.5%、DH16%、DH 20%、DH 25%)的贻贝蛋白酶解物,考察不同DH酶解产物的抗氧化活性。试验结果表明:贻贝酶解产物具有较强的抗氧化活性,并呈一定的量效关系;当DH为25%时,贻贝酶解物对DPPH自由基、超氧自由基、羟基自由基的清除率最高,分别为77.4%、75.2%、43.4%,同时具有最强的金属螯合率(64.7%);而DH为16%时,酶解物对亚油酸的过氧化抑制作用较还原型谷胱甘肽强,达65.6%。DH对酶解产物的抗氧化活性有一定的影响,但在不同的抗氧化体系中,影响趋势不一致。     

苦荞麦蛋白质酶解产物的抗氧化活性研究

以苦荞麦蛋白质作为底物,采用碱性蛋白酶对其进行酶法水解,并对酶解产物的体外抗氧化活性进行研究.体外抗氧化实验表明苦养麦蛋白酶解产物作为天然抗氧化剂,表现出较强的螯合铁离子能力、还原能力和清除DPPH自由基的能力.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.