天山堇菜提取物抗氧化性的研究

用Na2S2O3-I2滴定法测定了天山堇菜提取物对猪油的抗氧化作用.结果表明,不同溶剂天山革菜提取物对油脂均有一定的抗氧化性,强弱顺序是:85%的乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性>丙酮提取物>氯仿提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>无水甲醇提取物>正己烷提取物,且提取物用量与抗氧化性呈正相关系.同时与VE和VC进行比较,0.5%(w/V)的85%乙醇提取物的抗氧化性强于0.02%(W/V)VC,而0.02%(W/V)VE的抗氧化活性很小.     

诃子对食用油脂抗氧化作用的研究

用不同溶剂提取诃子中的抗氧化物质。以猪油作底物 ,采用碘量法研究诃子提取物的抗氧化作用及与其它物质的协同作用。结果表明 :诃子提取物均有较强的抗氧化作用 ,不同溶剂提取物抗氧化性强弱的顺序为 :乙酸乙酯>95%乙醇>60 %乙醇>水>正己烷 ;氨基酸对95 %乙醇提取物的抗氧化作用无协同效应 ,VC 、柠檬酸对其具有一定协同效应 ,特别是当VC 、VE 与提取物按1∶1∶1比例混合后产生极其显著的协同效应。     

蛇菰提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH·法及Fe3+ 还原力法对蛇菰提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究,分别测定蛇菰乙醇提物、石油醚提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、水层部分、水提粗多糖及碱提粗多糖的抗氧化作用,同时以VC 作为阳性对照。结果表明：蛇菰提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,尤其是乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、总醇提取物及水提粗多糖;它们对DPPH·的清除作用与VC 相当,其中乙酸乙酯提取物IC50 值为6.0μg/mL,活性略高于VC,同时以上提取物对Fe3+ 也具有很强的还原能力。     

苦荞种子黄酮类化合物清除DPPH自由基的作用

进一步开发利用苦荞麦资源,研究苦荞种子黄酮提取物的抗氧化性。以70％乙醇为溶剂提取苦荞种子黄酮化合物;并以抗坏血酸（VC）和VE为对照品,采用DPPH法研究苦荞种子黄酮提取物对自由基的清除作用。结果表明：苦荞种子黄酮提取物具有较强的抗氧化作用,在其浓度为66．185mg／L时其清除率可达88％,显著高于相同浓度下的VC和VE的清除率。认为苦荞种子黄酮提取物是一种有前途的天然抗氧化剂。     

白刺果实提取物的体外抑菌活性研究

探讨白刺果实提取物的体外抑菌活性,以期为白刺果实的综合利用及天然食品防腐剂的开发提供依据。用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分别对白刺果实95%乙醇提取物进行萃取,纸片法测定各萃取部分对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母菌、青霉、根霉和黑曲霉7种常见的食源性污染菌的抑菌效果,并通过倍比稀释法测定乙酸乙酯部分对其中3种细菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明:白刺果实乙酸乙酯部分、乙醇部分和氯仿部分对3种供试细菌均有抑菌作用,其中乙酸乙酯部分抑菌效果最好,且乙酸乙酯部分对3种细菌的抑制强弱顺序为:枯草芽孢杆菌>大肠杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌;其中乙酸乙酯部分对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为25mg/mL,对大肠杆菌的MIC是50mg/mL。各萃取部分对供试真菌均无明显抑制作用。     

蜂胶的抗氧化性及其增效作用的研究

采用不同方法 ,从原蜂胶中制得各种提取物 ,用烘箱法测定它们在动物油、植物油中的抗氧化性 ,并与茶多酚、VE 比较。实验表明 ,采用低温乙醇溶解法得到的精制蜂胶得率最高 ,抗氧化性能优于其他提取物和茶多酚 ,同 VE 相似。当达到最佳抗氧化性效果时 ,其最小使用量为 0 .0 7%。卵磷脂、柠檬酸、酒石酸、VC均对其有增效作用 ,酒石酸的增效作用最好。     

牛蒡叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化性能

用95%乙醇浸泡提取传统药食两用植物牛蒡叶,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次对浸提液进行萃取。利用DPPH自由基清除法、O2-.清除法及.OH清除法测定各萃取部位的抗氧化活性,以VC、VE和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)为对照物。结果表明:牛蒡叶乙醇提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物(E2)和正丁醇萃取物(E3)具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,且活性强于TBHQ,利用标准曲线法对乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物进行绿原酸含量的测定,发现绿原酸含量分别达44.34mg/g和35.48mg/g。     

鱼腥草提取物对油脂抗氧化作用研究

以过氧化值为评价指标,采用Schaal烘箱法研究鱼腥草提取物对菜籽油和猪油的抗氧化作用.结果表明:鱼腥草蒸馏水、80％乙醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对菜籽油和猪油均具有不同程度的抗氧化作用,80％乙醇提取物对菜籽油和猪油的抗氧化能力均表现最强;鱼腥草80％乙醇提取物分别与柠檬酸和VC复配对菜籽油的抗氧化性有协同增效作用,且VC的增效作用强于柠檬酸;鱼腥草80％乙醇提取物分别与柠檬酸和VC复配对猪油的抗氧化性无协同增效作用.     

益智果实乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化活性研究

研究益智果实乙酸乙酯部位的抗氧化能力。采用液液分配法从益智果实乙醇提取物中萃取得到乙酸乙酯部位,用硅胶柱色谱对其进一步分离纯化,得到4个洗脱部分。分别采用DPPH·清除法、ABTS·+清除法、总还原能力以及福林酚方法测定5个提取物的抗氧化能力和总多酚含量。实验结果表明,益智果实乙酸乙酯部位及其各部分均具有较强的抗氧化能力,其中石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(4∶1,体积比)洗脱部分的抗氧化能力最强。各提取物总多酚含量测定结果与其抗氧化能力呈正相关,表明提取物中起抗氧化作用的物质主要为多酚类化合物。     

葵花籽粕乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性的研究

利用超声波提取葵花籽粕中的乙醇提取物,通过单因素分析得到最优的提取工艺条件:提取料液比1:10、时间30min、温度40;用还原力法测定葵花粕乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性高于VC;用734Rancimat食用油氧化稳定性测定仪测定知葵花粕乙醇提取物粗提物浓度为187.5mg/L时的抗氧化性最佳,以同一浓度的VC、VE、BHA为对照,比较抗氧化活性,从而得到葵花籽粕中的乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性与BHA相当,小于VE、大于VC。     

鹿蹄草提取物体外抗氧化活性评价

采用水杨酸法、二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)法和Fe3+ 还原力测定实验,对鹿蹄草醇提物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物进行体外抗氧化活性评价,以VC 作阳性对照。结果表明,同一提取物在不同的评价方法中,其抗氧化能力不同;不同极性提取物在同一个评价指标上抗氧化能力差别较大。     

菥蓂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

研究了菥蓂提取物的体外抗氧化活性,筛选有效活性部位。通过对菥蓂水提物的有机溶剂萃取、D101大孔树脂分离纯化,制备得到8个部位样品。以抗坏血酸作为阳性对照,通过考查各部位还原Fe3+的能力、清除二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH.)和羟基自由基(.OH)的能力、抑制油脂氧化的能力,来评价菥蓂水提物不同部位的抗氧化能力。结果表明:菥蓂的各部位均具有一定的抗氧化能力,但抗氧化活性总体上弱于抗坏血酸和BHT。大孔树脂分离得到的30%乙醇洗脱部位(VII)和乙酸乙酯萃取部位(II)抗氧化能力明显强于菥蓂水提物,稍弱于抗坏血酸。得到结论为萃取、大孔树脂分离纯化等步骤能富集更多的抗氧化成分。     

Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake

The antioxidant activities of crude methanolic extract (CME) and its fractions using ethyl acetate (EAF), hexane (HF) and water (WF) of black cumin seedcake were investigated. DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-carotene–linoleate bleaching, and inhibition of corn oil oxidation were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. The total phenolics were found to be 78.8, 27.8, 32.1 and 12.1 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g in EAF, CME, WF and HF, respectively. The CME and EAF exhibited the highest DPPH followed by WF and HF. The extract/fractions showed high effect on reducing the oxidation of β-carotene. The effect of extract/fractions on the oxidative stability of corn oil at 70 °C was tested in the dark and compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The oil peroxide and anisidine values were generally lower with addition of PRFs in comparison to a control. The predominant phenolic compounds identified by HPLC–DAD in CME and WF of black cumin seedcake were hydroxybenzoic, syringic and p-cumaric acids.     

Antioxidant activity and protective effect against plasmid DNA strand scission of leaf, bark, and heartwood extracts from Acacia catechu

The antioxidant activity of methanol extract/fractions of leaf, bark, and heartwood of Acacia catechu was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including free radical, superoxide and hydroxyl radical, reducing power, metal ion chelation, as well as hydroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission. The leaf, bark, and heartwood powder was extracted in methanol and the lyophilized methanol extract was fractionated with different solvents in the order of increasing polarity. The results indicate that ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood has the highest antioxidant capacities, presenting lower EC(50) values particularly in free radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals (4.76 ± 0.14 μg/mL), superoxide anions (26.21 ± 0.79 μg/mL), and hydroxyl radicals (33.69 ± 1.42 μg/mL), in direct assay systems. Reducing power was also highest in ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood (EC(50) of 79.05 ± 1.02 μg/mL). As for the chelating power on ferrous ions, leaf extract was more effective than bark and heartwood extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of heartwood significantly protected pBR322 supercoiled plasmid DNA against strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals in a Fenton's reaction mixture. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present investigation suggests that the three organs of A. catechu differ significantly in their antioxidant potential as seen in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, metal ion chelating assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Further, our results showed that crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood of A. catechu might have a good potential as a source for natural health products due to its antioxidant and DNA protective activities.     

Antioxidant activities of phenolic rich fractions (PRFs) obtained from black mahlab (Monechma ciliatum) and white mahlab (Prunus mahaleb) seedcakes

The antioxidant activities of phenolic rich fractions (PRFs) from crude methanolic extract (CME), and its fractions using ethyl acetate (EAF), hexane (HF) and water (WF) of black mahlab (Monechma ciliatum) and white mahlab (Prunus mahaleb) seedcakes were investigated. The total phenolic compounds were found to be higher in white mahlab than black mahlab seedcakes. The antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH method revealed that black mahlab PRFs had the highest antioxidant activity, compared to white mahlab fractions. The presence of antioxidants in the two mahlab PRFs reduced the oxidation of β-carotene by hydroperoxides from these extracts/fractions. The effect of the two mahlab PRFs on the oxidative stability of corn oil at 70 °C was tested in the dark and compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The CME performed better antioxidant activity in inhibiting the formation of both primary and secondary oxidation products. The qualitative and quantitative characterisation of phenolic compounds was carried out by HPLC/DAD.     

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical investigations of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaf, stem, root and seed

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude ethanolic extract from Hippophaë rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) leaf, stem, root and seed, and their respective fractions, obtained by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and water (WF), were investigated. The crude extract was obtained by Pressurised Liquid Extraction (PLE), using ethanol at 100 bar and 60 °C. Antimicrobial activity was tested against food-borne and clinical microorganisms. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH-radical scavenging and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The phytochemical contents were examined by colorimetric methods. The results showed that crude extracts were active against Gram − and + strains, and that seed and root extracts were better radical scavengers than leaf and stem extracts. For all organs, the two activities tested were found to be higher in WF. These activities were correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds in active fractions. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprints confirmed presence of phenolic compounds in active extracts and fractions.     

温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性评价

目的:探讨温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外的抗氧化活性。方法:分别用蒸馏水、95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯等不同极性溶剂提取温莪术中活性物质,采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟自由基(.OH)、亚铁离子螯合和还原能力等方法考察温莪术不同提取物的抗氧化活性。同时用Folin-Cioeaile法测定不同提取物中的总酚含量,考察总酚含量与抗氧化清除率的关系。结果:DPPH自由基、.OH清除能力及还原能力结果表明95%乙醇及乙酸乙酯提取物在较低的质量浓度显示了较高的清除率;同时总酚含量测定结果显示95%乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物所含总酚含量较高,这表明这两种溶剂提取物的抗氧化性与其提取物含有较高的酚类密切相关;亚铁离子螯合实验结果显示水提物的螯合效果优于其他溶剂提取物。结论:不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚含量与抗氧化清除率具有相关性。     

栓皮栎橡子壳多酚的体外抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

为开发橡子壳功能成分,采用溶剂萃取、化学定性、光谱分析及体外清除自由基、抑菌试验探索了秦巴山区栓皮栎橡子壳多酚的功能特性。结果表明:橡子壳可提取4.39%的粗多酚,经乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取分离可得到3类萃取物,经紫外光谱和红外光谱分析表明均含有酚羟基、羰基、芳烃C=C骨架、C-H键和C-O-C键结构,为多酚类物质;HPLC分析表明乙酸乙酯萃取物以鞣花酸为主,含有4种多酚,正丁醇萃取物中含阿魏酸、鞣花酸、没食子酸、表没食子酸儿茶素、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、山奈酚等11种酚类物质,水萃取物以阿魏酸含量最高,含4种多酚;体外清除DPPH·能力为Vc水萃取物正丁醇萃取物粗提物乙酸乙酯萃取物,清除ABTS~+·能力为Vc正丁醇萃取物水萃取物乙酸乙酯萃取物粗提物,清除·OH能力为Vc水萃取物粗提物正丁醇萃取物乙酸乙酯萃取物;粗提物及溶剂萃取物均对金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌具有不同程度抑制活性,抑菌能力为乙酸乙酯萃取物正丁醇萃取物粗提取物水萃取物。证明橡子壳多酚含量高,种类多,具有较强抗氧化和广谱抑菌活性。     

小黑药亲电成分干预混合游离脂肪酸诱导的人肝癌细胞株HepG2脂肪变性研究

采用GSH功能化磁珠靶向敲出小黑药亲电成分并用LC-MS表征,基于游离脂肪酸(FFA)诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪变性模型,评价小黑药亲电成分降低肝细胞脂质累积和氧化应激的作用和机制。结果表明:小黑药亲电成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯部位;在0.5~2.0mg/mL浓度下,小黑药石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、水部位均具有降低脂肪变性细胞脂质累积和ROS生成的活性,其中乙酸乙酯部位在各浓度下效果最好;乙酸乙酯部位在各浓度下具有降低细胞内TG、TC水平和提高细胞内抗氧化酶活性的作用;经过GSH功能化磁珠靶向敲出亲电化合物后,乙酸乙酯部位在2.0μg/mL浓度下对细胞内TG水平的降低和细胞内抗氧化酶水平的提高效果显著减弱。乙酸乙酯部位萃取物上调Nrf2及下游NQO1、HO-1、GCLC基因,下调脂质合成基因SREBP1c、ACC1、FAS的表达,促进脂质分解基因PPARα、CPT1A的表达;而靶向敲出亲电成分后,乙酸乙酯部位萃取物调控脂代谢和抗氧化相关基因的作用明显下降。LC-MS表征亲电成分敲出前后乙酸乙酯部位样品,发现了7个变化的主要质谱峰,推测其为主要的亲电化合物。小黑药中亲电化合物可以改善脂肪酸诱导的脂肪变性,其机制主要与抗氧化和脂代谢相关基因的调节有关。