马铃薯变性淀粉对西红柿复合灌肠特性影响研究

变性淀粉与原淀粉相比有很多优点,现将马铃薯变性淀粉(磷酸马铃薯变性淀粉、醋酸酐马铃薯变性淀粉、氧化马铃薯变性淀粉)代替原淀粉应用到西红柿肉类复合灌肠中,感官评价表明变性淀粉添加到复合灌肠中感官指标优于原淀粉,尤其是醋酸酐马铃薯变性淀粉。     

变性淀粉的种类及应用

变性淀粉是通过物理或化学方法使淀粉分子链被切断、重排或引入其他化学基团以改变其结构而获得的.经过变性的淀粉比原淀粉具有更优良的性能.根据变性方法,主要分为物理变性淀粉、化学变性淀粉、酶变性淀粉和天然变性淀粉.     

复合变性对淀粉性质的影响研究

复合变性淀粉是近年来研制开发的一类新型变性淀粉,是将淀粉采用两种或两种以上的变性方法而获得的淀粉衍生物.与单一变性淀粉相比,表现出更优越的物理化学性能,从而将会大大拓宽变性淀粉的工业应用领域.本文概述了几种典型的复合变性淀粉,如氧化淀粉、酯化淀粉、醚化淀粉及接枝共聚型复合变性淀粉的国内外研究现状,并展望了该类变性淀粉的研究方向及其潜在的发展前景.     

变性淀粉的种类及应用

本文综述了变性淀粉的种类,生产方法及应用,尤其对淀粉在纺织中的应用作了综述和展望,并概述了几种典型的变性淀粉,如酸变性淀粉,氧化淀粉、酯化淀粉、醚化淀粉,交联淀粉及接枝共聚型变性淀粉。     

不同种类变性淀粉在灌肠制品中的应用研究

通过对不同种类的变性淀粉(玉米变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉和马铃薯变性淀粉)在灌肠制品中的应用研究,探讨了变性淀粉对灌肠制品性能的影响,即对灌肠的气味、色泽、弹性、风味及质地的影响。利用正交设计及模糊数学的理论方法确定变性淀粉的理想用量和主要原料的最佳配比。     

预糊化变性淀粉在麻糬面包中的应用

本文研究了预糊化木薯变性淀粉、预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉、预糊化玉米变性淀粉和预糊化大米粉对麻糬面包的感官评价、比容、弹性的影响,分析了预糊化变性淀粉的布拉班德粘度曲线,结果表明,预糊化木薯变性淀粉与预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉制作的麻糬面包口感及外观较好,而预糊化玉米变性淀粉与预糊化大米粉制作的产品口感不佳、比容小,预糊化木薯变性淀粉与预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉质量比为1:1时,麻糬面包加工性能好、口感清爽、弹性强、比容较大、保型性佳。     

变性度对变性淀粉浆浆液浆膜性能的影响

制备不同变性程度的氧化淀粉、醋酸酯淀粉、磷酸醋酯淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、交联淀粉等几种常用变性淀粉浆料，研究其变性程度对浆液、浆膜性能的影响。     

变性淀粉在蠔油增稠中的应用研究

对在蠔油增稠中变性淀粉种类选用及变性淀粉煮制工艺条件进行研究。优化确定变性淀粉的合理选用和煮制的工艺条件:变性淀粉的原料选用蜡质玉米淀粉∶玉米淀粉=7∶3(W/W),变性淀粉的种类选用醚化交联淀粉,变性淀粉的变性程度选用交联到黏度100BU(0.7cm.g/BU),变性淀粉煮制时间为15min。控制煮制条件,结合优化变性淀粉种类的选用,可以提高蠔油的稳定性。     

接枝变性淀粉浆料的性能分析

探讨接枝变性淀粉浆料的性能特点.分析了接枝变性处理在改善淀粉成膜性和黏附性、降低浆液的凝胶现象、提高浆液的混溶性方面存在的优势.提出:接枝变性处理适合淀粉多元复合变性的发展要求,接枝变性淀粉可以替代PVA用于纺织经纱上浆.当前需加强淀粉接枝变性的基础性研究和应用研究,才能加速接枝变性淀粉浆料的发展.     

变性淀粉的生产与应用

1 变性淀粉的特性近年来,我国的淀粉业得到了较快的发展,变性淀粉从无到有,进入了初步开发阶段。但是我国变性淀粉的生产与国外先进水平相比,还有很大的差距。为了合理、充分地发展我国变性淀粉的生产,现将国外变性淀粉生产技术、性能与应用作一些简要介绍。     

变性淀粉在我国应用、研究现状及发展趋势分析

该文介绍变性淀粉种类及其在工业中应用情况,概述变性淀粉在国内研究现状并分析变性淀粉未来发展趋势。     

国内外干法变性淀粉研究进展

综述了国内外干法变性淀粉制备的工艺路线、工艺参数和相关设备的研究,指出了干法生产变性淀粉是一种很有前途的变性淀粉生产方法。     

变性淀粉在面包制品中的应用研究进展

在面包生产中，变性淀粉得到了越来越多的关注。不同种类的化学改性淀粉在面团和面包的质地和质量上起着不同的作用，适量的变性淀粉有利于提高面包制品的品质和质量。文章对不同类型的变性淀粉在面包上的应用进行了综述。     

Sensory and rheological properties of transgenically and chemically modified starch ingredients as evaluated in a food product model

Starches derived from five genetically modified potato lines, two chemically modified potato starches and two native starches from potato and maize were subjected to physical and chemical analyses and their functionality evaluated in a milk-based food product model. The transgenic starches were specifically modified with respect to amylopectin chain length and phosphorous content by suppression of the starch branching enzyme and overexpression of glycogen branching enzyme. Transgenic starches with long amylopectin chains and high phosphorous content had increased gelatinisation temperatures, produced gels with a higher tendency to retrograde and a low freeze/thaw stability as compared to starches with shorter amylopectin chains and lower phosphorous content. The textural properties of the food product model prepared from genetically and chemically modified starches were characterised by sensory and rheological analyses. To clearly visualise the effects of the modifications, data was evaluated by radar plots and multiple regression analysis (chemometrics). Genetically modified potato starches with longer amylopectin chains and increased phosphorous content gave a more gelled and a shorter texture as compared to starches with shorter amylopectin chains and decreased phosphorous content. Acetylated and hydroxypropylated potato starches gave sticky and stringy textures. Correlations between rheology parameters and sensory parameters were found. The sensory parameter stringy/long could be predicted from the rheological data.     

不同来源的淀粉制备淀粉磷酸单酯的性能及应用

本文比较了马铃薯淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉及经磷酸化后产品的物理性能，着重研究了其粘度及糖、盐对其粘度的影响并比较了磷酸化对糊的透明度、冻融稳定性及其对发泡体系的影响，结果表明不同淀粉制得的淀粉磷酸单酯的性能有很大差别。在蛋糕中的应用试验表明，在蛋糕中添加淀粉磷酸单酯可以增加比容并延长其货架寿命。     

Production and characterization of digestion‐resistant starch by the reaction of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase

Recombinant amylosucrase (200 U/mL) from Neisseria polysaccharea was used to produce digestion‐resistant starch (RS) using 1–3% (w/v) corn starches and 0.1–0.5 M sucrose incubated at 35°C for 24 h. Characterization of the obtained enzyme‐modified starches was investigated. Results show that the yields of the enzyme‐modified starches were inversely proportional to the original amylose contents of corn starches. After enzymatic reaction, insoluble RS contents increased by 22.3 and 20.7% from 6.9% of waxy and 7.7% of normal corn starches, respectively, using 3.0% starch as acceptor and 0.3 M sucrose as donor, while amylomaize VII showed the lowest increase (8.5%) in RS content. The crystalline polymorph of these enzyme‐modified starches resulted in the B‐type immediately after enzymatic reaction. The enzyme‐modified starches displayed higher melting peak temperatures (85.6–100.6°C) compared to their native starch counterparts (70.1–78.4°C). After enzymatic reaction, pasting temperature increased in waxy (71.9 → 77.6°C) and normal corn starches (75.3 → 80.6°C), and the peak viscosity of waxy corn starches increased from 264 to 349 RVU, whereas that of normal corn starches decreased from 235 to 66 RVU.     

玉米淀粉与玉米变性淀粉性质比较研究

测定了玉米淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、淀粉磷酸酯的冻融稳定性、透光率、膨胀度、粘度、糊化特性等主要物理性质并进行了比较。试验结果表明：变性淀粉与玉米淀粉的性质不同，由于变性淀粉引进了羟丙基、羧甲基、磷酸基团等亲水性基团，使淀粉极性增强，亲水能力增大，使其都具有较强的冻融稳定性、抗凝沉性，较高的膨胀度、透明度，因此变性淀粉具有更广阔的应用性。     

The Interaction Between Surfactants and 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐dodecylammonium)‐propyloxy Starches

The phase behavior of temperature‐responsive hydrophobically modified starches and the interaction between oxidized potato amylose and hydrophobically modified potato amylopectin have been investigated by rheology, turbidity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. When oxidized amylose was mixed with hydrophobically modified amylopectin, a viscosity peak was observed, indicative of a guest‐host interaction between the oxidized amylose and the hydrophobically modified amylopectin. A series of oxidized and hydrophobically modified potato starches were investigated in the presence of an anionic and cationic surfactant. A coil‐helix transition of the investigated starches was observed in the presence of surfactant, with the exception of a cationic surfactant combined with a hydrophobically modified zwitterionic starch of high positive net charge. The destabilizing mechanism (the phase separation) of the hydrophobically modified starches was studied as well as the difference in stabilizing capacity between the investigated cationic and anionic surfactants.     

开发马铃薯淀粉及变性淀粉市场前景广阔

<正> 我国是马铃薯生产大国,年产量达6,000万吨。改革开放以后,我国研究出马铃薯淀粉和变性淀粉的生产设备,同时从国外引进一些先进的技术与设备,大批量生产马铃薯变性淀粉,用于食品生产和纺织等工业领域中。一些专业经营马铃薯淀粉和变性淀粉的跨国公司,也已进入我国市场,为马铃薯的利用掀开新的一页。     

Modification of granular corn starch with 4-alpha-glucanotransferase from Thermotoga maritima: effects on structural and physical properties

ABSTRACT:  Corn starch was converted using α-1,4-glucanotransferase from Thermotoga maritima (TmαGT), a hyperthermophilic bacterium, without inducing gelatinization, and the structural changes and physical properties of the modified starches were investigated. Enzyme modification was induced at 65 °C for 8, 16, or 24 h, and the morphology of the modified starches was observed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Granule integrity was mostly maintained after enzyme treatment, although some granules were partially fragmented as evidenced by enlarged surface pores and some cracks. The modified starches had lower apparent amylose levels than raw starch. The molecular weights of amylose and amylopectin molecules in the treated starches were lower than those of raw starch, and the amount of branched molecules, which had much lower molecular weights, also increased in the treated starches. The chain-length distribution of amylopectin showed an increased number of shorter branched chains. The modified starches showed a wider melting temperature range and a lower melting enthalpy than that of raw starch. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the modified starches showed typical A-type starch peaks, but the relative crystallinities were lower than that of raw starch. The solubility and paste clarity of the modified starches were much higher than those of raw starch. The modified starch gels maintained their rigidity over the whole frequency range tested and showed thermoreversibility between 4 and 75 °C. These results suggest that TmαGT can be used to produce granular corn starch, which contains amylose and amylopectin having lower molecular weights and a thermoreversible gelation property.