苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂合成工艺的研究与生产

研究了苯并三唑光稳定剂的合成工艺 ,对于各种还原方法 ,例如 :锌粉法、水合肼法、硫化钠 -锌粉法进行了试验和对比。结果表明 ,硫化钠 -锌粉法适于工业生产。,以UV - 32 6为例 ,其中间体 2 硝基 4 氯 2’ 羟基 3’ 特丁基 5’ 甲基偶氮苯 ( 1)。合成时物料的摩尔比为 :4 氯 2 硝基苯胺 :亚硝酸钠 :硫酸 :2—特丁基—4—甲苯酚 =1:1 0 5:5 63:1 10。将 ( 1)还原为最终产品 (UV 32 6)时物料摩尔比为 :( 1) :硫化钠 :锌粉 =1:1 50 :1 30。以此为基础建成 2 0 0t/a的装置并投入生产     

6FDA型聚酰亚胺共聚物(6FDA-TMPDA/DABA)的合成及气体渗透性能测试

合成了含有易交联极性基团 -COOH的新型 6FDA型聚酰亚胺共聚物 (6FDA -TM PDA/DABA) .6FDA(4,4’ -六氟亚异丙基 -邻苯二甲酸酐 )为二酐单体 ,TMPDA(2 ,4 ,6 -三甲基 - 1,3-苯二胺 )和DABA(3,5 -二氨基苯甲酸 )为二胺单体 .采用乌氏粘度计、DSC(差分扫描量热 )和TGA(热重量分析 )测定了共聚物的比浓粘度、Tg(玻璃化转变温度 )和Td(热分解温度 ) .比浓粘度均高于 0 36 ,说明合成的聚合物有较大的分子量 .Tg 在DSC升温至 4 0 0℃时测量不到 ,Td 均在 5 2 0℃以上 ,显示出合成的共聚物有很好的热稳定性 .在 30℃和 10 132 5Pa下测试了摩尔比为 3∶1、9∶1(TMPDA∶DABA)共聚物的H2 、CO2 和N2 的纯气渗透系数 .结果显示两种共聚物均有很高的渗透系数和CO2 /N2 的理想分离系数 .其中 6FDA -TMPDA/DABA 9∶1体系的CO2 纯气渗透系数达到 1 12 5× 10 - 13m3·m/ (m2 ·s·Pa)     

电镀废水中镍(Ⅱ)的6-氯-苯并噻唑偶氮苯甲酸显色光度法测定

在pH值为5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,在乳化剂OP存在的条件下,利用6-氯-苯并噻唑偶氮苯甲酸(6-Cl-BTAEB)与镍的显色反应测定电镀废水中的镍含量.结果表明:反应生成的配合物中的Ni(Ⅱ)与6-Cl-BTAEB摩尔比为1:2;镍含量低于400μg/L时符合比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.59×10~5L/(mol·cm);该法用于测定电镀废水中的微量镍,结果与催化-分光光度法相符,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,加标回收率为97.6%～105.5%.     

一种可溶性双酮酐型共聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4’-对苯二甲酰二邻苯二甲酸酐(TDPA)为二酐单体,4,4’-(3-氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮(BABP)为二胺单体,采用两步法低温溶液缩聚合成了系列双酮酐型共聚酰亚胺。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、拉伸测试和溶解性能测试对聚合物的结构与性能进行了表征,考察了TDPA/PMDA不同摩尔比对共聚酰亚胺溶解性、耐热性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,双酮酐型聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度随TDPA摩尔含量的增加逐渐下降,溶解性能则逐渐提高,当TDPA/PMDA摩尔比为7/3时,共聚酰亚胺具有优良的耐热性能及力学性能,可溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等极性溶剂。     

用5-氯-苯骈噻唑偶氮苯甲酸光度法测定电镀废水中的微量铜

研究了5-氯-苯骈噻唑偶氮苯甲酸(5-Cl-BTAEB)与铜的显色反应.在pH值为3.5的HAc NaAc缓冲溶液中,在乳化剂OP存在下,5-Cl-BTAEB与Cu(Ⅱ)生成2:1稳定配合物,最大吸收波长为655nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.17×104L/(mol·cm),由此建立了一种新的Cu(Ⅱ)测定方法.铜含量在0～480.0μg/L内符合比尔定律,该方法用于测定电镀废水中微量铜,结果与萃取-催化褪色光度法相符.实际样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于4%,加标回收率为98.0%～103.5%.     

具有层状碱金属盐结构的氢氧化氨基苯甲酸锌的制备及表征

以自制的β-Zn(OH)2和氨基苯甲酸为原料,水热合成了具有层状碱金属盐(LBMS)结构的氢氧化氨基苯甲酸锌化合物。通过XRD、TG-DTA、SEM和TEM分析研究了合成产物的结构、形貌和热稳定性,探讨了合成条件对水热反应产物的影响及合成产物在有机溶剂中的剥离反应。当o-NH2C6H4COOH/Zn的摩尔比为1.2,水热温度70℃下反应12h时,得到的层状物具有板块状粒子特征,层间距为1.33nm;当m-NH2C6H4COOH/Zn的摩尔比为1.8,水热温度40℃下反应24h时,得到的层状化合物具有纤维状粒子特征,层间距为1.08nm。合成的层状物在醇溶剂中可发生剥离反应,层状氢氧化邻氨基苯甲酸锌在正丁醇中的剥离量为0.12g.L-1,层状氢氧化间氨基苯甲酸锌在乙醇中的剥离量为0.18g·L-1。     

胶束光度法测定非晶态FeNiCr合金中的镍

在pH =8 .0、HCl tris缓冲溶液和Tween80胶束介质中 ,研究了 1 亚硝基 2 萘酚 (NN)与Ni(Ⅱ )的显色反应。建立了胶束光度法测定微量Ni(Ⅱ )的新方法。结果表明 ,Ni(Ⅱ ) NN配合物的最大吸收波长为 4 5 5nm ,摩尔吸光系数为1.0 1× 10 4 L/ (mol·cm) ,检出限为 0 .0 4mg/L ,有色溶液的吸光度与Ni(Ⅱ )量在 0 .2～ 1.0mg/L范围内符合比耳定律 ,加标回收率为 96 .2 %～ 10 3.1% (n =6 )。测定了非晶态FeNiCr合金钢中的镍。     

锌粉还原法制备2,5-二甲氧基-4-苯胺的研究

采用乙醇和水的混合溶液为介质,用锌粉还原2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯硝基苯制备中间体2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯苯胺.最佳反应条件如下:2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯硝基苯与锌粉的摩尔比为1:4;2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯硝基苯与冰醋酸的摩尔比为1:0.1;混合溶剂中乙醇和水的体积比为3:2;以氯化铵为电解质,2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯硝基苯与氯化铵的摩尔比为1:0.06.在此反应条件下得到的还原产物收率可达91.45%、熔点为116～117℃、胺基值为97.33%.     

己二酸-1,4-丁二醇-尿素共聚物的合成与表征

以己二酸、1,4-丁二醇和尿素为原料,在氩气环境下,通过高温熔融缩聚反应合成了一种新型可降解的己二酸-丁二醇-尿素共聚物,并对反应时间、催化剂种类及其用量、原料配比、反应温度等因素对聚合产物的影响进行了研究。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、热重分析(TG)、差示量热扫描(DSC)对产物的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明,当丁二醇和尿素的总量与己二酸(n(丁二醇+尿素)∶n(己二酸))的摩尔比为1.16∶1,丁二醇和尿素(n(1,4-丁二醇)∶n(尿素))的摩尔比为5∶1,最高反应温度为220℃,二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂且用量为原料总量的0.03%,总反应时间10h,所得到产物的重均分子量(Mw)可达12700,其颜色、热稳定性和降解性能等较好。     

具有更佳尺寸稳定性的含噁唑基团的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料

采用4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)与2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并噁唑(DAPBO)作为二胺单体,通过改变二者的摩尔比,与3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐(s-BPDA)聚合,制备得到了一系列含有噁唑基团结构的聚酰亚胺薄膜。系统地对薄膜样品进行了红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热失重分析、动态力学热分析、热机械分析等表征。研究发现,随着二胺中DAPBO占比的增加,聚酰亚胺薄膜的热稳定性及玻璃化转变温度升高、热膨胀系数减小;当ODA与DAPBO的摩尔比为4:6时,聚酰亚胺薄膜的热膨胀系数与铜最接近,有望应用于柔性印刷线路板领域。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.