功能梯度材料原理及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用设想

概述了功能梯度材料（ＦＧＭ）的概念扩制备技术，提出了将ＦＧＭ原理应用于固体氧化物燃料电池（ＳＯＦＣ）的设想，并探讨了技术可能性及应用ＦＧＭ原理值得注意的几个问题。     

梯度功能材料及其新的研究领域展望

梯度功能材料及其新的研究领域展望唐新峰，张联盟，袁润章（武汉工业大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室武汉４３００７０）一、前言梯度功能材料（ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙＧｒａｄｉｅｎｔＭａｔｅｒｉａｌ，ＦＧＭ）是为适应未来航天飞机、宇宙飞船等高技术领域发展的...     

梯度功能材料的热应力研究现状与展望

回顾了近年来梯度功能材料热应力研究领域所取得的研究成果，并展望了ＦＧＭ热应力研究的发展趋势。     

Al_2O_3-Ti系梯度功能材料残余热应力的有限元分析

采用有限元方法（ＦｉｎｉｔｅＥｌｅｍｅｎｔＭｅｔｈｏｄ）对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｔｉ系梯度功能材料在制备过程中产生的残余热应力进行了线弹性分析。详细讨论了梯度层数目、梯度层厚度和成分梯度指数对应力大小和分布的影响，确定了各项最佳参数。非梯度功能材料（ＮＦＧＭ）与优化后的梯度功能材料的残余热应力对比结果显示：梯度功能材料缓和热应力的效果十分显著。     

HA-Ti生物功能梯度材料微观组织及热应力缓和特性

本文用粉末冶金法制备了ＨＡ－Ｔｉ系生物ＦＧＭ,并测定了ＨＡ－Ｔｉ复合体材料的弹性模量和热膨胀系数．应用经典叠层板理论和热弹性力学理论分析了ＨＡ－Ｔｉ系ＮＦＧＮ双层板和ＨＡ－Ｔｉ系ＦＧＭ的制备残余热应力和热应变．结果表明,ＨＡ－Ｔｉ系生物ＦＧＭ呈现出宏观不均匀性与微观连续性的组织特征．ＨＡ－Ｔｉ系复合体材料的弹性模量在Ｔｉ－ＨＡ８０达到谷值,并受到气孔率的影响．其热膨胀系数随着ＨＡ含量和测试温度的升高而增大．残余热应力和残余热应变强烈依赖于组成分布,ＦＧＭ由于组成梯度化减小了成分变化幅度,其最大残余拉应力只有ＨＡ／Ｔｉ直接叠合体（ＮＦＧＭ）的１／３,具有显著缓和热应力的功能.     

Ni—ZrP2精细功能梯度材料的设计,制备和分析

基于我们以前发表的精细复合Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２的热渗流现象，采用薄层迭层法，设计和制备了２８种不同成分分布曲线的Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２ＦＦＧＭ；并用电子探针和扫描电子声显微镜分析了其成分布、应力分布和组织结构；最后得到一种成分分布为Ｙ「１．４０」（Ｘ）的Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２ＦＦＧＭ，它具有较显著的应力缓和效果，较高的结构完整性和致密度，本文为Ｎｉ－ＺｒＦＦＧＭ的优化设计制备和研究其成分发布及应力分布提供了一种崭新而有     

含FGM的涂层结构中热残余应力的分析与优化

本文利用有限元方法和优化理论,对含ＦＧＭ（Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ　Ｇｒａｄｅｄ　Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ）层的热喷涂构件中的残余应力进行了数值分析,并获得了ＦＧＭ内各组份体积含量分布的最优化形式和参数ｐ。同时,我们也研究了喷涂构件的几何形状、涂层及基底的材料性能对于ｐ的影响规 律。在本文的分析中,考虑了基底材料和ＦＧＭ的塑性变形以及其性能对于温度的依赖。本文 的工作将有利于含ＦＧＭ层的热喷涂构件的设计与生产。     

Ni－ZrO_2精细功能梯度材料的设计、制备和分析

基于我们以前发表的精细复合Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２的热渗流现象；采用薄层迭层法，设计和制备了２８种不同成分分布曲线Ｙ［ｐ，Ｙ（１）］（Ｘ）的Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２ＦＦＧＭ；并用电子探针和扫描电子声显微镜分析了其成分分布、应力分布和组织结构；最后得到一种成分分布曲线为Ｙ［１，４０］（Ｘ）的Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２ＦＦＧＭ，它具有较显著的应力缓和效果、较高的结构完整性和致密度．本文为Ｎｉ－ＺｒＯ２ＦＦＧＭ的优化设计、制备和研究其成分分布及应力分布提供了一种崭新而有效的方法．     

人GM—CSF在链霉菌中的表达

报道了ＰＩＪ４５９／ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因表达质粒的构建，以及该重质粒在变铅青链霉菌Ｓ．ｌｉｖｉｄａｎｓＴＫ５４中的表达，结果表明：ＰＩＪ４５９／ＧＭＣＳＦ质粒具有表达ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的功能。重组菌株细胞裂解液烃ＴＦ－１细胞培养及集落形成实验均证实了其生物学活性。     

1995～1996年磁性功能材料进展

综述了１９９５～１９９６年间几种磁性功能材料的新进展。这些材料包括高磁矩Ｆｅ－Ｎ化合物，高最大磁能积ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁材料，庞磁电阻材料，Ｍｎ－Ｚｎ铁氧体大功率材料，新的Ｉｎｖａｒ磁性材料和铁电反铁磁材料     

Viewpoint: From Responsive to Adaptive and Interactive Materials and Materials Systems: A Roadmap

Soft matter systems and materials are moving toward adaptive and interactive behavior, which holds outstanding promise to make the next generation of intelligent soft materials systems inspired from the dynamics and behavior of living systems. But what is an adaptive material? What is an interactive material? How should classical responsiveness or smart materials be delineated? At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive discussion on these topics, which is however of profound importance in order to identify landmark advances, keep a correct and noninflating terminology, and most importantly educate young scientists going into this direction. By comparing different levels of complex behavior in biological systems, this Viewpoint strives to give some definition of the various different materials systems characteristics. In particular, the importance of thinking in the direction of training and learning materials, and metabolic or behavioral materials is highlighted, as well as communication and information-processing systems. This Viewpoint aims to also serve as a switchboard to further connect the important fields of systems chemistry, synthetic biology, supramolecular chemistry and nano- and microfabrication/3D printing with advanced soft materials research. A convergence of these disciplines will be at the heart of empowering future adaptive and interactive materials systems with increasingly complex and emergent life-like behavior.     

多级孔材料研究进展

多孔材料具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导热系数低、体积密度小及化学性质稳定等优点,在吸附与分离、催化剂载体、隔热材料、能量储存、传感器等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。基于孔直径的大小可将多孔材料分为三类:孔径大于50nm的大孔材料(Macroporous materials),孔径介于2～50nm的介孔材料(Mesoporous materials)和孔径小于2nm的微孔材料(Microporous materials)。但是,由于孔径的限制,这三类材料的应用均存在一定的局限性。多级孔材料兼具通透性好、孔隙结构发达、体积密度小、比表面积和孔体积大等优点,打破了传统单级孔材料孔结构单一的局限,因此越来越受到研究人员的关注。然而,多级孔材料在制备中仍存在较多问题。例如,其合成过程通常会涉及到两种及两种以上的方法,制备工艺复杂;现有的多级孔材料的制备成本高,孔结构难以控制。因此,研究者们主要从优化多级孔材料的制备工艺以及降低生产成本等方面入手,制备出孔径均一且可控的多级孔材料。多级孔材料主要有大孔-介孔材料(Macro-mesoporous materials)、微孔-介孔材料(Micro-mesoporous materials)以及含有两种或多种不同孔径的介孔-介孔材料(Meso-mesoporous materials)。大孔-介孔材料常见的制备方法有模板法、发泡法、溶胶-凝胶法及熔盐法等;微孔-介孔材料的主要制备方法有化学活化法、模板法和水热法等;介孔-介孔材料的制备方法主要有水热法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及自组装法等。本文综述了近年来多级孔材料的最新研究进展,分别对大孔-介孔、微孔-介孔及介孔-介孔材料的制备方法进行了介绍,并简要分析了未来本领域研究的发展趋势。     

雷达吸收剂研究进展

综术字国内外雷达吸收剂的研究进展,较详细地介绍了铁氧体材料,高聚物吸收材料,陶瓷吸收材料,纳米吸收材料,手性材料和智能材料等及吸收剂的吸收机理和最新研究状况。     

Layered Organic–Inorganic Materials: A Way towards Controllable Magnetism

The search for new materials for tailor‐made applications and new devices involves not only solid‐state chemists, physicists or materials engineers, but also the area molecular and organo‐metallic chemistry, and even biochemistry. This is especially clear in the field of organic–inorganic multifunctional materials, whose design necessitates to investigate new concepts and principles developed in these different disciplines. Here, the authors review the structure‐magnetic property relationships in layered structures, made of organic and inorganic subunits.     

纳米纤维素在可降解包装材料中的应用

目的综述纳米纤维素在可降解包装材料中的应用研究。方法总结国内外纳米纤维素在包装领域的最新研究,简述纳米纤维素的制备方法与特性,详细介绍纳米纤维素在生物质薄膜材料、生物质发泡材料、缓释抗菌材料和纸张中的应用研究,以及纳米纤维素功能性材料在包装中的研究进展,并讨论纳米纤维素应用在食品包装中的安全问题。结果纳米纤维素性能优异、绿色环保,作为可降解包装材料的增强成分可以提高复合材料的力学性能和阻隔性能,并可赋予材料特殊的功能。结论纳米纤维素在包装领域有着巨大的应用潜力,利用农作物及其剩余物制备纳米纤维素拥有广阔的发展前景。     

Extremely Rapid Self-Healable and Recyclable Supramolecular Materials through Planetary Ball Milling and Host–Guest Interactions

The host–guest interaction as noncovalent bonds can make polymeric materials tough and flexible based on the reversibility property, which is a promising approach to extend the lifetime of polymeric materials. Supramolecular materials with cyclodextrin and adamantane are prepared by mixing host polymers and guest polymers by planetary ball milling. The toughness of the supramolecular materials prepared by ball milling is approximately 2 to 5 times higher than that of supramolecular materials prepared by casting, which is the conventional method. The materials maintain their mechanical properties during repeated ball milling treatments. They are also applicable as self-healable bulk materials and coatings, and they retain the transparency of the substrate. Moreover, fractured pieces of the materials can be re-adhered within 10 min. Dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal property measurements, small-angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy observations reveal these behaviors in detail. Scars formed on the coating disappear within a few seconds at 60 °C. At the same time, the coating shows scratch resistance due to its good mechanical properties. The ball milling method mixes the host polymer and guest polymer at the nano level to achieve the self-healing and recycling properties.