基于模糊加权的倒立摆混合控制

针对小车倒立摆系统,提出了一种线性状态反馈控制和滑模控制模糊加权的控制方法.滑模控制器的作用是将摆角控制在零的一个邻域内,在此邻域内首先采用近似的线性化模型来描述倒立摆系统,然后采用基于极点配置的方法设计系统的线性状态反馈控制器以使系统的状态稳定在给定值,两个控制器的输出通过加权求和作为倒立摆的控制作用.仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性.     

仿人机器人相似性运动轨迹跟踪控制研究

提出一种基于带观测器的条件状态反馈控制的仿人机器人相似性运动轨迹跟踪控制方法.首先,分析了7连杆双足机器人动力学模型,阐述了其运动能量方程与动力学特征方程; 其次,基于带观测器的状态反馈控制器原理,构建起三维倒立摆平衡控制模型; 最后,由线性二次型调节器确定状态反馈增益矩阵,使机器人轨迹跟踪误差最小化,以复现出较高相似度的双足步行运动效果.实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Stabilization and Tracking Control of X‐Z Inverted Pendulum Using Flatness Based Active Disturbance Rejection Control

A flatness based robust active disturbance rejection control technique scheme with tracking differentiator is proposed for the problem of stabilization and tracking control of the X‐Z inverted pendulum known as a special underactuated, non‐feedback linearizable mechanical system. The differential parameterization on the basis of linearizing the system around an arbitrary equilibrium decouples the underactuated system into two lower order systems, resulting in two lower‐order extended state observers. Using a tracking differentiator to arrange the transient process utilizes the problem of stabilization and tracking control and gives a relatively small initial estimation error, which enlarges the range of the controller parameters. The convincing analysis of the proposed modified linear extended state observer is presented to show its high effectiveness on estimating the states and the extended states known as the total disturbances consisting of the unknown external disturbances and the nonlinearities neglected by the linearization. Simulation results on the stabilization and tracking control of the X‐Z inverted pendulum, including a comparative simulation with an all‐state‐feedback sliding mode controller are presented to show the advantages of the combination of flatness and active disturbance rejection control techniques.     

INPUT‐STATE LINEARIZATION OF A ROTARY INVERTED PENDULUM

The aim of this paper is to design a nonlinear controller for the rotary inverted pendulum system using the input‐state linearization method. The system is linearized, and the conditions necessary for the system to be linearizable are discussed. The range of the equilibriums of the system is also investigated. Further, after the system is linearized, the linear servo controllers are designed based on the pole‐placement scheme to control the output tracking problem. The performance of the controller is studied with different system parameters. The computer simulations demonstrate that the controller can effectively track the reference inputs.     

不确定平面二级倒立摆的鲁棒自适应控制

为提高倒立摆控制系统的抗扰动能力,降低其对未建模动态等的敏感度,研究了不确定平面二级倒立摆的鲁棒自适应控制器的设计方法。把倒立摆动力学模型分解为确定和不确定两部分,用一个非线性参数化模糊逻辑系统逼近平面二级倒立摆的不确定动态,采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论推导出使平面二级倒立摆的状态误差渐近收敛的鲁棒控制器及自适应律。理论分析和仿真结果表明所提出的控制算法是有效的。     

二节倒立摆的数字控制器设计

本文介绍了用数字计算机对具有六个状态变量的二节倒立摆进行控制时,三种数字控制器和降维观测器的设计方法。用单板机在实验室中成功地进行了控制表明,这三种设计方法都是实用的。     

Linear controller for an inverted pendulum having restricted travel: A high-and-low gain approach

The problem of balancing an inverted pendulum has been a benchmark example in demonstrating and motivating various control design techniques. In this paper, we provide a linear state feedback design technique for balancing an inverted pendulum. The pivot of this pendulum is mounted on a carriage that has limited horizontal travel. For any given (arbitrarily small) allowable travel of the carriage, our design yields a linear state feedback controller that balances the pendulum with an infinite amount of gain margin in the sense that, if the feedback gain is perturbed by any multiplying factor greater than one, the controller will still balance the pendulum without requiring greater traveling distance than the maximum allowable.     

鲁棒H-状态反馈控制

本文对结构参数不确定线性定常多变量系统的鲁棒Ｈ∞状态反馈设计问题进行了研究，给出了系统鲁棒稳定和干扰衰减的条件，及相应的鲁棒Ｈ∞状态反馈设计方法，并用这种方法设计了一个倒立摆平衡控制器。仿真结果表明，与ＬＱ设计方法相比，按本文所提出的设计方法得到的控制器具有鲁棒稳定能力强、闭环动态性能良好等优点。     

环型二级倒立摆的控制研究与实现

通过分析环型二级倒立摆系统的动力学特性,将系统的状态空间方程在“倒立”的 平衡点附近进行线性化处理,应用线性二次型最优控制策略,对环型二级倒立摆进行控制器 的设计与仿真实验,并成功地将所设计的控制器应用到实际的环型二级倒立摆系统上,使其 稳定地平衡在“倒立”状态．所做应用与实际实验在国内尚未见到报道．     

基于PSO的二级倒立摆LQR最优控制器设计

根据微粒群算法的随机性、快速性、易于实现性等优点,针对LQR在二级倒立摆最优控制设计过程中对加权矩阵Q、R选择的盲目性,研究了基于PSO的LQR最优控制器的设计方法,该方法利用PSO算法的启发式全局优化特点对Q、R阵进行寻优,然后得到状态反馈控制律K。并设计了基于该方法的二级倒立摆的最优控制器,通过和基于遗传算法的LQR最优控制器比较,仿真结果表明：该方法所设计的最优控制器能使系统的响应时间更快,超调量更小,对二级倒立摆的控制效果更理想。     

二级直线倒立摆系统的实物控制

针对二级直线倒立摆系统,采用拉格朗日方程法建立其理论模型,分别使用线性二次最优控制（Linear Quadratic Regulator,LQR）及基于趋近律的滑模控制（Sliding Mode Control,SMC）算法来实现干扰存在情况下倒立摆的平衡控制。对于LQR算法,研究了矩阵[Q]和矩阵[R]与反馈控制矩阵[K]的定性关系,并经过反复多次实验,不断试凑,得到一组良好的控制参数,实现了倒立摆的稳定控制。SMC算法采用基于指数趋近律的控制方法进行了滑模变结构控制器的设计,并利用边界层法来进一步削弱抖振。最后通过仿真及实验,实现了倒立摆的实物平衡控制。     

直线一级倒立摆分数阶控制器设计及仿真

针对直线一级倒立摆的稳定控制问题,设计了分数阶比例积分(FOPI和FO[PI])控制器。首先,根据Newton力学方法建立了倒立摆系统的数学模型。然后,采用基于向量的增益鲁棒性分数阶控制器参数求解简化算法,设计了分数阶比例积分控制器。最后,在MATLAB环境下进行了分数阶比例积分控制器参数整定方法的有效性验证,并且对倒立摆系统分别采用分数阶比例积分控制器和整数阶PID(IOPID)控制器进行了稳定控制仿真实验,并将得到的摆杆角度响应曲线进行了对比分析。结果表明:分数阶比例积分控制器对系统的稳定控制效果优于IOPID控制器,且在分数阶比例积分控制器中,FO[PI]控制器对系统稳定控制最好,响应时间较快、振荡幅值较小且具有鲁棒性。     

Feedback control of nonlinear systems by extended linearization

For single-input, multiple-output, nonlinear systems, we consider a design method based on the family of linearizations of the system, parameterized by constant operating points. Nonlinear state feedback control laws and observer/state feedback control laws are designed such that the eigenvalues of the family of linearized closed-loop systems are placed at specified values that are locally invariant with respect to the closed-loop operating point. The method is illustrated by application to the problem of automatically balancing an inverted pendulum.     

Event‐triggered predictive control for networked control systems with network‐induced delays and packet dropouts

This paper presents an event‐triggered predictive control approach to stabilize a networked control system subject to network‐induced delays and packet dropouts, for which the states are not measurable. An observer‐based event generator is first designed according to the deviation between the state estimation at the current time and the one at the last trigger time. A predictive control scheme with a selector is then proposed to compensate the effect of network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for stabilization of the networked control system are derived by solving linear matrix inequalities and the corresponding gains of the controller and the observer are obtained. It is shown that the event‐triggered implementation is able to realize reduction in communication and save bandwidth resources of feedback channel networks. A simulation example of an inverted pendulum model illustrates the efficacy of the proposed scheme.     

旋臂式倒立摆的控制设计与仿真

针对旋臂式倒立摆的稳定控制问题,建立了二阶旋臂式倒立摆系统的数学模型,运用连续系统线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了旋臂式倒立摆控制系统的线性二次型调节器,使倒立摆系统在闭环状态下稳定。运用Matlab进行仿真,通过与传统的极点配置方法相比较,发现最优控制效果更好。     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的旋转倒立摆LQR控制

LQR控制器在含有系统噪声与量测噪声的旋转倒立摆系统应用中,难以获得精确的状态向量实现对系统的最优控制.为了提高LQR的控制精度,引入了无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)状态观测器,以获得系统的最优状态估计量,实现基于动态规划的自抗扰二次型最优反馈控策略.与卡尔曼滤波(KF)相比,UKF用于非线性系统的状态估计的主要优势是不需要线性化去计算状态转移矩阵,避免了系统线性化带来的模型误差.在含有系统噪声与量测噪声的旋转倒立摆仿真模型下,对基于KF和UKF的LQR控制器进行了仿真对比分析.仿真结果表明,UKF对系统响应时间、控制精度、鲁棒性的优化效果更好.     

Functional observer-based sliding mode control for linear discrete-time-delayed stochastic systems

Functional observers are the primary solution to sundry estimation problems, wherein full- or reduced-order observer cannot be directly applied. This paper presents a functional observer-based sliding mode control method for the linear discrete-time delayed stochastic system. Stability analysis of sliding function is presented for the delayed stochastic system with a linear matrix inequality approach. The functional observer method for the linear discrete-time-delayed stochastic system is proposed based on the Kronecker product approach. Sliding mode controller is estimated using the functional observer method. Finally, to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed design, comparison of its performance with some of the well-known existing state feedback controller is presented.     

二级倒立摆控制器的仿真与设计

该文运用现代控制理论并以MATLAB语言为辅助设计工具，在计算机上进行二级倒立摆系统的外控制器的分析与设计工作。用模拟电路实现了外控制器，并在二级倒立摆上实验成功。证实了降阶观测器可以用模拟电路近似实现，即使是较复杂的系统，现代控制理论的应用也不一定要求运算的高精度。用于现代控制理论实验课教学中便于学生理解和接受。     

基于观测器的时滞系统鲁棒控制器设计

对于具有状态时滞的一类线性不确定系统 ,用线性矩阵不等式方法研究了基于观测器的鲁棒控制器的存在条件以及设计方法。该方法通过求解两个线性矩阵不等式来实现 ,所给示例说明了本文方法的有效性。     

Observer-based variable universe adaptive fuzzy controller without additional dynamic order

A high-precision fuzzy controller, based on a state observer, is developed for a class of nonlinear single-input-single-output (SISO) systems with system uncertainties and external disturbances. The state observer is introduced to resolve the problem of the unavailability of state variables. Assisted by the observer, a variable universe fuzzy system is designed to approximate the ideal control law. Being auxiliary components, a robust control term and a state feedback control term are designed to suppress the influence of the lumped uncertainties and remove the observation error, respectively. Different from the existing results, no additional dynamic order is required for the control design. All the adaptive laws and the control law are built based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach, and the signals involved in the closed-loop system are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results performed on Duffing forced oscillation demonstrate the advantages of the proposed control scheme.