含有机硅三元嵌段共聚物及其共混物的形态结构与性能

以聚苯醚（ＰＰＯ）作为硬段、聚对羟基苯乙烯（ＰＨＳ）为半硬段、聚二甲基硅氧烷（ＰＤＭＳ）为软段，利用羟基与硅胺基缩合生成硅醚的不可逆反应，合成了含有硬段、半硬段和软段的ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ三元嵌段共聚物。并使ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ三元嵌段共聚物与其均聚物进行共混。研究了ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ及其共混物的２结构和性能。结果表明，该共聚物其ｔｇδ随温度变化的曲线在－１００－２１５℃范围内是一个     

具有双重相互作用（PPO—PDMS—PHS）n／PPO共混相容性的研究

利用ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ研究了一种新的含有机硅三元多嵌段共聚物（ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ）ｎ与均聚物ＰＰＯ共混体系的相容性，结果表明，均聚物ＰＰＯ与（ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ）ｎ中的两种嵌段（ＰＰＯ和ＰＨＳ）有相容性，两种嵌段协和的结果提高了共混相容性的临界值，当均聚物ＰＰＯ的Ｍｎ为２００００时，ＰＰＯ嵌段的Ｍｎ为２００００，ＰＨＳ嵌段的Ｍ国５１６０时（ＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ）ｎ共混物的一相容体系。     

具有双重相互作用PPO-PDMS-PHS_n/PPO共混相容性的研究

利用ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ研究了一种新的含有机硅三元多嵌段共聚物ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ与均聚物ＰＰＯ共混体系的相容性，结果表明，均聚物ＰＰＯ与ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ中的两种嵌段（ＰＰＯ和ＰＨＳ）有相容性，两种嵌段协同作用的结果提高了共混相容性的临界值，当均聚物ＰＰＯ的Ｍｎ为２００００时，ＰＰＯ嵌段的Ｍｎ为２００００，ＰＨＳ嵌段的Ｍｎ为５１６０时，ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ／ＰＰＯ共混物为一相容体系。     

一种制备镶嵌荷电膜的新材料PISIP五嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

从分子设计出发，合成了一种用于制备膜嵌荷电膜的新材料：聚（４－乙烯基吡啶－异戊二烯－苯乙烯－异戊二烯－４－乙烯基吡啶）（ＰＩＳＩＰ）五嵌段共聚物，并用ＩＲ，ＮＭＲ，ＧＰＣ，ＤＳＣ等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征。     

通过分子复合和增塑制备新型高分子固体电解质

利用（甲基丙烯酸甲酯－甲基丙烯酸）共聚物［Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ＭＡＡ）］与聚氧化乙烯（ＰＥＯ）的分子间氢键复合抑制ＰＥＯ的结晶，分子复合形成的独特超分子结构赋予材料优良的力学性和成膜性，在此基础上通过增塑进一步提高ＰＥＯ链段的活动性和锂盐在体系中的溶解性，制备出室温电导率达８．３１×１０~（－５）Ｓ·ｃｍ~（－１）、成膜性优良、实用价值较高的高分子固体电解质Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－ＷＡＡ）／ＰＥＯ／Ａ_２Ｌ_１ＣｌＯ_４。     

一种制备镶嵌荷电膜的新材料MsISIMs五嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

从分子设计出发，合成了一种用于制备镶嵌荷电膜的新材料：聚（４－甲基苯乙烯－异戊二烯－苯乙烯－异戊二烯－４－甲基苯乙烯）三元五嵌段共聚物，并用ＦＴＩＲ，＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ，ＧＰＣ，ＤＳＣ，ＴＥＭ等对共聚产物进行了表征，证实了ＭｓＩＳＩＭｓ是制备镶嵌荷电膜的理想膜材料。     

含聚氧乙烯接枝共聚物－盐络合物的离子导电

研究了３种以聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）为支链的规整接枝共聚物（分别简写为；ＰＳ－ｇ－ＰＥＯ、ＰＭＭＡ－ｇ－ＰＥＯ、ＰＭＡ－ｇ－ＰＥＯ）与盐形成络合物的单阳离子的导电性能。作为一种新型的高分子固体电解质材料，该类络合物的离子导电率与接枝共聚物主链结构的种类、支链ＰＥＯ的分子量及含量、盐的种类及浓度有关。ＰＭＡ－ｇ－ＰＥＯ与盐形成的络合物具有良好的成膜性能和离子导电行为，其室温导电率接近１０－４Ｓ·ｃｍ－１，１００℃时可达１０－２Ｓ·ｃｍ－１，是理想的聚合物电解质材料。     

聚醚砜微孔膜制备中非溶剂添加剂作用研究

以聚醚砜（ＰＥＳ）为膜材料，ＤＭＡｃ为溶剂，研究了３种非溶剂加剂（ＮＳＡ）－ＥｇＯＨ，ＤｅＯＨ和ＢｕＯＨ在水和ＮＳＡ中凝胶对于板微孔膜性能的影响，利用浊点法得到ＰＥＳ／ＤＭＡｃ／ＮＳＡ和ＰＥＳ／ＤＭＣｓ／ＮＳＡ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系２５℃的相图，并以邻近比α值来表征膜溶液组成点靠近相分离的程度，添加了ＮＳＡ的铸膜液在水中凝胶制备微孔膜，以ＥｇＯＨ为非溶剂添加物，在相同聚合物浓度，相同凝胶条件下，仅仅改变铸膜     

PPO作为PPO-PDMS-PHS_n/PS增容剂的研究

导了一种新的共混增容体系，以均聚物ＰＰＯ作为不相容共混体系ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ／ＰＳ的增容剂。ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ的研究结果表明，ＰＰＯ对ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ／ＰＳ共混体系确有增容作用，ＰＰＯ的含量在１３．５％以下时，ＰＳ、ＰＰＯ和ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ中的硬段相容为一相；ＰＰＯ的含量在２３．８％以上时，ＰＰＯ分布在ＰＳ相和ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ中的硬段相中，经ＰＰＯ增容后，材料的拉伸性能明显提高。     

新型阳离子胺甲基甲叉基聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成

在（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ８－Ｎａ２ＳＯ３引发体系中，用丙烯酰胺与Ｎ，Ｎ＇－甲叉双丙烯酰胺（ＢｉＳ）进行共聚，得甲叉基聚丙烯酰胺（ＭＰＡ），将ＭＰＡ进行Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，生成胺甲基甲叉基聚丙烯酰胺（ＣＭＰＡ）。对反应物料配比、温度及时间对其分子量、胺化度的影响进行了初步探索。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.