鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留分析方法

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,以鸡蛋为研究对象,建立一种高效测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留测定方法。样品用乙腈提取,并通过固相萃取技术对样品进行净化处理,供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行检测。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地分离和测定氟虫腈及其代谢物残留。在3 个不同的添加水平（0.005、0.010、0.020 mg/kg）下,4 种农药的回收率范围为81.3%～92.5%,相对标准偏差均低于5.5%。;在0.001～0.050 μg/mL 浓度范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.990 4;氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜与氟虫腈亚砜的检出限分别为0.001、0.002、0.002、0.002 mg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足对鸡蛋中氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜与氟虫腈亚砜4 种药物残留的检测需要。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的残留量

建立一种采用液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈硫醚)的快速筛查方法。鸡蛋样品经乙腈和正己烷提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,Shim-pack XR-ODSⅢ色谱柱(2.0 mm i.D×150 mm,2.1μm)分离,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵(0.02%甲酸)水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,外标法定量。采用液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱动态多反应监测模式,以负离子采集进行定性筛查和定量分析。结果表明,氟虫腈及其代谢物在0～50μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2均大于0.999。以10倍信噪比确定各药物的定量限(LOQ),氟虫腈及其代谢物的定量限为0.3～0.6μg/kg。在0.5、5.0和10.0μg/kg添加水平下,氟虫腈及其代谢物的平均回收率为92.3%～105.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～8.6%。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的快速筛查和定量检测。     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留量的分析方法。牛奶经乙腈提取后,分散固相萃取技术QuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe)净化,HP-5MS分离,气相色谱-负化学源质谱进行测定,外标法定量。在质量浓度为2.5～100μg/L范围内,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物均有良好的线性关系,所有目标物的定量限(LQD)(S/N=10)均在0.03～0.15μg/kg范围内。样品加标质量分数为0.01,0.02 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg时,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的平均回收率为85.6%～102.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.6%～6.1%。该方法样品前处理简单,分析时间短,回收率和精密度等均符合氟虫腈及其3种代谢物检测技术的要求,适用于牛奶中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留的检测。     

气相色谱法和高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定 鸡蛋中氟虫腈及代谢物残留

目的建立适用于鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物(氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈硫醚和氟甲腈)残留的电子捕获检测器-气相色谱法和高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法通过Qu ECh ERS提取盐包(CEN EN-15662)用乙腈提取目标化合物,借助固相萃取(PRiMEHLB)作为净化手段,采用气相和液相质谱进行监测。结果气相色谱法和高效液相色谱-串联质谱法中4种分析物的定性限(limit of detection,LOD)分别为0.1μg/kg和0.02μg/kg;定量限(limit of quantification,LOQ)分别为0.5μg/kg和0.1μg/kg,在0.1~10.0μg/L和0.1~5.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r~2均大于0.999。在2.5,5和10μg/kg 3种加标浓度下,平均回收率分别为80.8%~103%和87.4%~101%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD,n=6)分别为0.84%~5.62%和0.87%~4.40%。结论该方法步骤简便、可靠、稳定,适合于蛋类中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留的痕量分析。     

固相萃取-UPLC-MS/MS法测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留量

建立一种固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其代谢物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈硫醚)的分析方法。牛奶样品经提取和盐析,Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱通过式净化后,以乙腈-水为流动相,HSS T3色谱柱(2.1mm×100 mm,1.8 μm)进行色谱分离,在电喷雾负离子模式下,多反应监测(MRM)方式进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,氟虫腈及其代谢物在0.05~5.0 μg/L浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r≥0.9976,方法检出限为0.01 μg/kg,定量限为0.05 μg/kg。在浓度分别为0.5、1、10 μg/kg加标水平下,4种化合物的回收率范围为80.6%~101%,相对标准偏差范围为1.0%~6.1%。该方法简单快捷、准确可靠,适用于牛奶中氟虫腈及其代谢物的同时测定。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋、鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

建立一种基于QuEChERS法提取,超高效液相色谱分离,串联四极杆质谱法检测鸡蛋、鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留量的方法。样品经加水分散后,用乙腈提取,柠檬酸缓冲盐脱水,稀释后上机测定。待测物经BEH?C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-5?mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）进行梯度洗脱,质谱法采用电喷雾电离,负离子多反应监测模式检测。基质加标曲线定量。氟虫腈及3?种代谢物的定量限为1?μg/kg,在1～100?μg/kg范围内线性关系良好。在鸡蛋、鸡肉基质中3?个不同添加水平下,平均回收率为87.6%～117.7%,变异系数为3.6%～9.9%。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适合作为禽蛋等动物源性食品中,氟虫腈及其代谢物残留总量的测定。     

QuEChERS-固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鸡蛋和鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢产物

目的建立一种QuEChERS-固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定鸡蛋和鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢产物残留的方法。方法鸡蛋和鸡肉样品经水-乙腈涡旋提取、QuEChERS盐析,SPE净化后,以XR-ODS柱(50 mm×3.0 mm,2.0μm)为分析柱,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以负离子喷雾模式电离,多反应离子监测方式进行定性及定量检测。结果在0.5～20.0μg/L的线性范围内,氟虫腈及其代谢产物的回归方程均呈良好的线性关系,r0.999 2。氟虫腈、氟虫腈亚砜、氟虫腈砜、氟甲腈的检出限分别为0.2、0.05、0.05、0.05μg/kg,在添加水平为0.5、2.0、10.0μg/kg时,平均回收率在84.1%～105.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.3%～6.1%之间。结论该方法前处理简便快捷,灵敏度和准确度均较高,精密度较好,适用于鸡蛋和鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢产物残留的检测。     

气相色谱法快速测定蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物

目的建立气相色谱法同时快速测定蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留量的分析方法。方法鸡蛋中的氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚、氟虫腈砜残留经乙腈提取,盐析,固相萃取小柱净化,采用气相色谱电子捕获检测器进行分离和测定,外标法定量。结果氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚、氟虫腈砜的检出限为0.2μg/kg,在0.2~200μg/kg范围内,线性相关系数大于0.9995。在所添加3个质量浓度水平下,方法的回收率在75.1%~102.0%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~6.4%。结论该方法简便、准确、重现性好,适合对蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物进行有效监测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测禽源性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测禽源性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物的方法。采用Plackett-Burman试验和Box-Behnken试验筛选和优化QuEChERS前处理方法中的显著影响因素。最终优化条件：样品用乙腈超声提取,后用NaCl、无水MgSO4盐析分层,提取液再用碳十八键合锆胶（Z-Sep+）、多壁碳纳米管进行净化,净化液用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析测定,采用基质加标曲线进行定量测定。结果表明,在鸡蛋、鸡肉、鸡肝基质中氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚的平均加标回收率在78.9%～113.5%之间,相对标准偏差在2.10%～7.60%之间,检出限在0.1～0.2 μg/kg之间,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。此方法可有效降低禽源性食品中基质效应,具有高灵敏度、精密度、准确度,可用于禽类食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留的快速定量测定。     

2018年深圳市售蔬菜和鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的检测分析

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜和鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜), 并对深圳市售的蔬菜和鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留状况进行抽样检测。方法 采用QuEChERS前处理方法, 以C18色谱柱为分离柱, 以乙腈和10 mmol甲酸+6 mmol甲酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS), 电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization, ESI), 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式检测, 外标法同时定量测定氟虫腈及其代谢物。结果 方法的线性范围为0.1~2.0 μg/L, 线性相关系数均大于0.9994, 检出限0.0005 mg/kg, 定量限0.001 mg/kg; 蔬菜中3个水平的平均加标回收率88.0%~101.2%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)均小于8.5%; 鸡蛋中3个水平的平均加标回收率86.1%~104.8%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于9.2%。结论 该方法具有操作简单、干扰少、快速、准确可靠等特点, 可适用于蔬菜鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的检测。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.