气相色谱法测定蔬菜、水果中百菌清、三唑酮及菊酯类农药

以黄瓜为代表，以乙腈为提取剂，用石英毛细管色谱柱进行分离，电子捕获检测器检测的气相色谱法测定蔬菜中的百菌清、三唑酮、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯农药残留。以保留时间定性，外标法面积定量，6种农药的检测限分别为0.0005mg／kg、0.0009mg／kg、0.0014mg／kg、0．0011mg／kg、0.0012mg／kg、0．0013mg／kg，相对标准差均〈7．6％，加标回收率在76．5％～101.5％之间。该方法比较简便，满足了蔬菜、水果食用安全的鉴别要求。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定稻谷中13种有机磷和菊酯类农药的残留量

该方法利用乙腈提取，菊酯类农药通过固相萃取柱净化，研究了采用毛细管气相色谱同时测定稻谷中甲胺磷、乐果、三唑酮、甲氰菊酯等13种有机磷和菊酯类农药残留量的分析方法。该方法做了0．01mg／kg、0．05mg／kg、0．5mg／kg三个水平的添加回收实验，回收率达到65．2—118．8％，变异系数为2．3—22．6％。结果表明，本法快速、准确、灵敏，符合农残分析的要求。     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中菊酯类农药

文章采用丙酮一石油醚为提取溶剂、石英毛细管色谱柱分离、电子捕获检测器检测的气相色谱法测定蔬菜中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯农药残留。以保留时间定性，外标法定量。3种菊酯农药的检测限分别为0．013mg／kg、0．010mg／kg、0．035mg／kg。相对标准差〈7％，加标回收率在75％～87％之间。该法简便，满足了蔬菜安全性鉴别要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定玉米中50种残留农药

粉碎好的玉米使用乙腈超声提取，再经碳十八和活性碳氨基串联固相萃取柱净化，采用GC—EI—MS的选择离子监测（SIM）方式和外标法定量方法，同时分析测定了玉米中的50种农药残留量。该方法回收率在62．8％-119．2％之间，相对标准偏差小于12．1％，50种农药的检出限（LOD）最小为0．8μg／kg，最高为7．2μg／kg。该方法快速、灵敏、准确。各项技术指标满足国内外农药残留检测的要求，能够应用于玉米试样中痕量农药残留的分析。     

茶叶中9种农药残留的毛细管气相色谱法测定

建立了用毛细管气相色谱法同时测定茶叶中噻嗪酮、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、敌百虫、乐果、甲基对硫磷、水胺硫磷、三唑磷、伏杀硫磷等9种农药残留量的方法。待测农药残留组分在4 5℃加热条件下用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1∶1,v v)混合溶剂提取,活性炭固相萃取柱(5mm×75mm ,活性炭约4 0mg)净化,乙酸乙酯-正己烷(6∶1,v v)混合液淋洗,HP - 5毛细管色谱柱(15m×0 .5 3mm ,1 5 μm)分离,氮磷检测器测定。9种农药残留组分能在11min内很好地分离。样品中添加待测农药标准,回收率为6 9.2 %～10 1.4 % ,方法变异系数4 .0 9%～16 .5 5 % (n =6 ,0 .1μg mL) ,检出限在0 .0 0 1～0 .0 2 7mg kg (干重)之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定茶叶和土壤中吡虫啉的残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定茶叶和土壤中吡虫啉农药残留量的方法.样品用乙腈提取,过C18固相小柱净化,用乙腈洗脱,DAD二级管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量.对茶叶和土壤的添加浓度在0.01～2.0mg/kg时,平均添加回收率为:88.3～96.2%,变异系数＜4.02%,吡虫啉的最小检出量为2.5×10-10g,茶叶中的最低检出浓度为0.01mg/kg.该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求.     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中溴螨酯残留量

本文介绍了用气相色谱法测定茶叶中溴螨酯农药残留量的方法，样品中溴螨酯经丙酮提取，液－液分配和固相萃取小柱净化，用毛细管色谱柱分离、GC－ECD测定，外标法定量，方法的定量下限为0．010mg/kg，回收率＞81％相对标准偏差＜8％。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中的双甲脒及其代谢物残留

建立了一种用气相色谱．质谱法(GC-MS)测定蜂蜜中的双甲脒及其代谢物(2，4-二甲基苯胺)残留的方法。蜂蜜样品用pH为11．0的水溶液溶解，其中的双甲脒和2，4-二甲基苯胺残留用正己烷超声波提取后直接用GC-MS测定。样品添加浓度在10μg／kg～200μg／kg时，双甲脒和2，4-二甲基苯胺的添加回收率在60％～120％之间，检出限均为10μg／kg。     

木薯中氰化物含量的异烟酸-吡唑林酮分光光度法测定

用异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定了木薯中氰化物的含量。改用无水乙醇代替N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为显色剂吡唑啉酮的溶剂,效果更好。结果表明,氰化物含量在0～4．0μg范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为Y=0．1231x＋0．0014,相关系数大于0．999,加标回收率93．8％～97．2％,相对标准偏差0．32％～1．21％,最低检出限0．02mg／kg。该方法稳定性好,线性相关性高,简单实用,重现性好。     

气相色谱法测定紫皮石斛中16种有机磷农药残留量

建立了紫皮石斛中16种有机磷农药残留量的测定方法。紫皮石斛中16种有机磷农药残留经2次用乙腈萃取后,采用石英毛细管柱DB-17分离、气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)进行测定。测定结果:在紫皮石斛样品中添加农药浓度为0.1~0.2mg/kg时,平均回收率为75.2%~105%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~9.9%,检出限为0.004~0.03mg/kg。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.