不同温度热硫化纯Fe膜制备FeS2薄膜的研究

研究了在硫化压力为８０ｋＰａ、等温２０ｈ条件下，硫化温度对磁控溅射制备的纯Ｆｅ膜反应形成ＦｅＳ２多晶薄膜的影响。结果表明，在４００￣６００℃范围内，薄膜中反应生成ＦｅＳ２过程比较充分，尤其在４００℃硫化时，可以获得接近理想化学计量成分的、具有细小均匀组织形态的ＦｅＳ２薄膜。当温度超过４００℃后，ＦｅＳ２晶粒尺寸明显增大，但亚晶尺寸保持恒定。     

硫化温度对FeS2薄膜的晶体结构和光电性能的影响

本文用磁控溅射法制备的纯Ｆｅ 膜,再在Ｓ气氛中（８０ｋＰａ）于不同的温度下（２００～６００℃）进行热硫化,硫化时间为１０ｈ,使其转变成为ＦｅＳ２薄膜,并研究了硫化温度对转变形成的ＦｅＳ２薄膜晶体结构、化学成分、组织形貌和光电性能的影响规律。     

硫化温度对FeS2薄膜的晶体结构和光电性能的影响

本文用磁控溅射法制备的纯Ｆｅ膜,再在Ｓ气氛中于不同的温度下进行热硫化,硫化时间为１０ｈ,使其转变成为ＦｅＳ２薄膜,并研究了硫化温度对转变形成的ＦｅＳ２薄膜晶体结构、化学成分、组织形貌和光电性能的影响规律。     

一种制备γ－Fe_2O_3薄膜的新方法

采用一种简单的新工艺分别在硅片和氧化铝陶瓷基片上制备了γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜。该工艺分３步完成：首先利用Ｆｅ（ＮＯ＿３）＿３酒精溶液通过浸渍涂布工艺制备α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜，其次α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜在氢气流中、３２０～３５０℃之间热处理３０ｍｉｎ被还原为Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４薄膜，最后Ｆｅ＿３Ｏ＿４薄膜在空气中２５０℃左右热处理３０ｍｉｎ被氧化为γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ分析结果表明该γ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３薄膜呈尖晶石物相和自由取向，晶粒为针形，具有疏松多孔的微结构。     

一种制备r—Fe2O3薄膜的新方法

采用一种简单的新工艺分别在硅片和氧化铝陶瓷基片上制备了ｒ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜。该工艺分３步完成：首先利用Ｆｅ（ＮＯ２）３酒精溶液通过浸渍涂布工艺制备ａ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜，其次ａ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜在氢气流中、３２０￣３５０℃之间热处理３０ｍｉｎ被还原为Ｆｅ３Ｏ４薄膜，最后Ｆｅ３Ｏ４薄膜在空气中２５０℃左右热处理３０ｍｉｎ被氧化为ｒ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ分析结果表明该ｒ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜呈尖晶石物相和     

用组合靶溅射制备Nd2Fe14B薄膜的研究

采用单质Ｆｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｂ组成的靶,用对向靶溅射系统制备出了含有Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ相的薄膜。发现Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ相能够较好地形成的基板温度范围是５００℃￣６００℃。并且相对于热氧化硅基板（ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ）,Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ相能够较好地在Ｔａ基板上形成。     

一种溶胶凝胶新途径制备的氧化铁薄膜

将硝酸铁加入乙酰丙酮及２－甲氧基乙醇混合液，反应后用以制备透明均匀的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３薄膜，ＦＴＩＲ谱主宰在涂膜液中有乙酰丙酮铁生成；ＸＲＤ结果表明４００℃以上热处理后有α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３结晶相存在，由反射谱结果推算了薄膜的厚度及折射率。     

脉冲准分子激光CuO－SnO_2薄膜沉积及其结构分析

采用脉冲准分子激光沉积（ＰＬＤ）技术，分别在Ｓｉ（１１１）单晶及玻璃基片上外延沉积了具有高ａ轴（２００）取向的ＣｕＯ掺杂的ＳｎＯ２薄膜。Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）及透射电镜（ＴＥＭ扫描附件）分析表明：在Ｓｉ（１１１）片上沉积，４００～５００℃退火温度处理的薄膜，只有（２００）峰存在；当退火温度升高到６００～７００℃时，ＳｎＯ２的其余诸峰相应出现，薄膜呈多晶态，取向度降低，晶粒尺寸变大，晶粒分界明显．在玻璃基片上沉积的薄膜，经４００℃低温处理后，（２００）取向度很小；随着退火温度的升高，达到５００℃时薄膜呈高ａ轴（２００）取向生长，结晶度较好，晶粒分布均匀．     

Fe40Mo合金在1kPa硫蒸气中的高温硫化

用ＴＧＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ／ＷＤＳ对Ｆｅ４０Ｍｏ合金在１ｋＰａ及７００～９００℃的硫蒸气中的硫化动力学、产物层的组成和结构进行了分析观察。结果表明，８８０℃加炉冷热处理的样品硫化时遵从抛物线规律，１０００℃加淬火样品则可表现出线性规律。合金的硫化速度比Ｆｅ２０Ｍｏ低１～２个数量级，但仍比纯Ｍｏ快得多。发现ＭｏＳ２层可在产物层中出现，其晶体的片层取向垂直于样品表面，有利于传质。合金硫化的活化能与纯Ｍｏ的接近，表明Ｆｅ４０Ｍｏ合金在实验条件下受其中Ｍｏ的硫化控制。     

掺杂对纳米氧化铁晶化相的影响

用Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜和穆斯堡尔谱对由掺杂了不同比例Ｓｂ的溶液－凝胶系统制得的α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３纳米晶的晶粒度和精细结构进行了研究。结果显示，未掺杂时由Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３非晶相干凝胶晶化而得的α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３相晶粒较大；掺Ｓｂ后，干凝胶晶化时一部分Ｓｂ参与形成ＦｅＳｂＯ４晶相，另外的Ｓｂ原子进入α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３晶相中形成间隙式固溶体；系统中掺杂量增多，固溶于α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３晶相中的Ｓｂ浓度相庆也增大，它们很可能     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.