偶氮苯聚膦腈微球的制备与表征

以六氯环三膦腈(HCCP)和自制4,4’-二羟基偶氮苯(p-Azo)为共缩聚单体,丙酮为溶剂,三乙胺(TEA)为傅酸剂,在室温下,采用沉淀聚合的方法,成功合成了聚膦腈偶氮颜料微球。通过红外光谱和X射线能谱分析(EDX)表征说明,该聚膦腈微球具有高度交联的化学结构;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征说明,合成的微球具有光洁表面和实心结构;热重分析(TGA)表征说明,该聚膦腈微球的热分解温度为473℃。并对该聚膦腈微球的形成机理进行了推测。     

接枝聚阳离子磁性微球的合成及抗菌活性

共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米颗粒,经硅烷偶联剂3-(异丁烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)表面双键功能化,与季铵盐化(苄基溴化或溴己烷化)甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)单体自由基共聚,获得可循环利用的聚阳离子接枝的磁性抗菌微球(pQAC-Fe3O4)。颗粒形貌及表面性质通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)、动态光散射粒径分析(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)等表征。测试pQAC-Fe3O4微球对革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性菌及真菌的抗菌活性,结果表明两种具有外磁场响应性的pQAC-Fe3O4颗粒均具有高效广谱杀菌性,且经磁分离回收循环利用10次后对大肠杆菌的杀菌率仍可达95%以上。颗粒杀菌效果不仅与接枝季铵盐基团的多少有关还与季铵盐取代基团有关。     

高分子季铵盐型抗菌塑料的制备和抗菌性能

采用共价键合方法将高分子季铵盐接枝在纳米SiO2粉体表面,其抗细菌效果与无机载银抗菌剂相当,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为100 mg/L和1500 mg/L.使用抗菌剂母粒化法将其添加到聚乙烯(PE)中制备抗菌塑料,抗菌粉体均匀分散在塑料的外层,平均粒径为200 nm.抗菌塑料对细菌和霉菌的抗菌效果都非常显著,其防霉性能明显优于由无机载银抗菌剂制备的抗菌塑料.抗菌塑料人工老化处理不会使其抗菌效果明显下降,具有良好的抗菌长效性和稳定性.     

以γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷作活化剂的季胺盐抗菌纳米SiOx粉体的制备

用γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷作活化剂,在纳米SiOx表面接枝高分子聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)长链,然后用卤代烷把PEI修饰成高分子季铵盐,制备具有抗菌功能的纳米SiOx.并对制备过程进行了优化.     

油田注水井管内防腐涂料的改性及性能研究

油田注水井管细菌腐蚀严重,为此对环氧树脂内防腐涂料分别添加有机和无机抗菌剂进行改性.将改性涂层浸泡于含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的溶液中,研究了3种抗菌剂的抗菌、杀菌效果,并测试了改性涂层的硬度、耐磨性和附着力.结果表明:经抗菌剂改性,涂层抗SRB老化性能明显提高;YS-06双季铵盐型抗菌剂改性涂层的抗菌性能要优于1227单季铵盐型抗菌剂改性涂层;添加2%Ag-ZnOw抗菌剂的改性涂料的硬度高、耐磨性好、附着力强,并具有优良的抗菌性能.     

卤胺化合物/季铵盐抗菌整理棉织物研究

市场对抗菌纺织品需求越来越大。选用卤胺化合物和季铵盐两种抗菌剂处理棉织物。合成了5,5-二甲基-3-(3'-三乙氧基硅丙基)-海因(DTH)及其聚合物(PDTH),3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基三甲基氯化铵(Quat-C1),3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵(Quat-C18)。抗菌性能测试结果表明两种抗菌剂混合使用时抗菌效果比单独使用卤胺化合物有所下降,但比单独使用季铵盐有所提高;且季铵盐的加入可显著减少卤胺化合物的用量,从而节约成本;此抗菌整理对织物其他性能无明显影响。     

两步沉淀聚合法制备表面具有羧基的核-壳微球

以高交联的聚二乙烯基苯-55(poly(DVB-55))为核,甲苯/乙腈(体积比1∶3)混合溶剂,采用两步沉淀聚合法,在核的表面接枝了具有羧基官能团的较低交联度的壳,得到了单分散或窄分散微米尺度的poly(DVB55)/poly(DVB55-co-methacrylic acid)核-壳微球。结果表明,以甲苯/乙腈混合物替代纯乙腈作为反应介质可以获得比表面积、孔容、接枝量和粒径相对较大的核-壳微球;随着poly(DVB-55)核的用量的增加或反应时间的缩短或单体和交联剂投料浓度的减小,所得的核-壳微球的粒径减小、接枝量降低、粘连程度减小,微球的均匀性则升高。     

环交联聚磷腈高分子材料的研究概况

环交联型聚磷腈是一类以六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)为主链合成的有机-无机杂化高分子材料。相比于人们所熟知的线型聚磷腈而言,环交联型聚磷腈更易合成,且具有与线型结构相似的生物相容性和生物降解性,同时因其自身的稳定性和耐热性以及小尺寸等特点,在阻燃材料、军工特种材料、填充材料、医药载药、吸附材料等领域有很高的研究价值和应用价值。环交联聚磷腈以其形貌可控、功能性可调在复合材料领域有着广泛的应用前景。文中综述了近年来环交联聚磷腈材料的分子特性以及基本性能,并介绍了其形貌调控的过程和各种复合材料,分析了环交联聚磷腈材料在功能性碳材料、荧光材料、吸附材料等方面的应用前景和发展趋势。     

聚磷腈微纳球的可控化制备及疏水性能研究

构建具有特殊微观几何形状的粗糙结构及对其表面进行低表面能物质的修饰一直是疏水领域的研究重点。利用简单有效的方法构筑粗糙结构,从而获得性能优异持久的疏水性材料。聚膦腈主链具有极好的柔顺性和良好的分子可设计性,是制备疏水表面较好的材料之一。本研究采用苯侧基含氟双酚单体与六氯环三磷腈进行沉淀聚合反应,制备具有尺寸可控的新型含氟环交联型聚磷腈微纳球,并深入研究聚磷腈微纳球的疏水性能。     

pH敏感水凝胶微球的制备及二甲酸钾缓释和抗菌性能分析

二甲酸钾(KDF)为抗生素的新型替代品,但在牲畜饲养中还未大量普及。采用水热法自制P型分子筛(Zeolite P),负载KDF分散在羧甲基纤维素(CMC)溶液中,与FeCl₃交联,利用凝聚法制备壳聚糖-羧甲基纤维素-P型分子筛-二甲酸钾pH敏感水凝胶抗菌微球。通过FT-IR,TGA和SEM分析可知,壳聚糖(CS)和CMC通过离子键形成结构稳定的聚电解质复合物,Zeolite P镶嵌缠绕在CMC基质中。溶胀差异性表明水凝胶微球具有高pH敏感性,可以适用不同pH条件下的持续给药。缓释动力学研究表明:抗菌微球对KDF具有一定的缓释作用,且遵循一级动力学释放模型和Higuchi模型。体外抗菌实验发现,抗菌液浓度为24 mg/mL和48 mg/mL时对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抗菌性,可以有效地抑制细菌的生长。     

环氧季铵盐对明胶的阳离子化改性

碱性条件下,环氧季铵盐1,2-环氧丙基二甲基十二烷基氯化铵(EPQA)与明胶侧链的伯胺基、羟基反应,得到阳离子改性明胶EPQA-GE,核磁共振(~(13)C-NMR、~1H-NMR)及元素分析结果表明,精氨酸、赖氨酸的氨基以及羟脯氨酸的羟基参与了反应,季铵阳离子基团成功引入了明胶结构中。X射线衍射及差示扫描量热分析结果表明,明胶的微观相结构受阳离子含量的影响较大,引入的季铵离子越多,EPQA-GE的近程有序度越高。以水和乙二醇为标准液,测定了阳离子化程度不同的EPQA-GE膜的接触角,并应用Owens-Wendt方程计算了表面自由能,结果显示阳离子基团的引入增加了明胶的亲水性,且随着阳离子化程度增加,膜表面的亲水性增强。抗菌实验结果表明阳离子的引入增加了明胶的抗菌性,EPQA-GE对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌效果优于对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌性。     

Antibacterial properties of poly(quaternary ammonium) modified gold and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

We report excellent antibacterial effect induced by amine-functionalized gold and titanium dioxide nanoparticles without external excitations. The idea originates from the excellent antibacterial property of quaternary ammonium salts. The effects of poly(quaternary ammonium) and polyacrylate sodium functional groups as nanoparticle surfactants are compared to show that poly(quaternary ammonium) functional groups are the main cause of the induced antibacterial effect. 99.999% of E. coli can be destructed in 10 minutes by simply mixing bacteria with nanoparticle dispersions. The effect of nanoparticle concentrations on the antibacterial property is evaluated. Time required to significantly suppress bacteria growth is studied. The result indicates that the excellent antibacterial property can be introduced to any nanomaterials by using poly(quaternary ammonium) functional groups as surfactants. The engineered nanoparticles can find enormous applications such as self-cleaning surfaces, waste water treatment, Lab-on-a-Chip devices and many more.     

季铵盐壳聚糖抗菌纸的性能研究

以季铵盐壳聚糖为抗菌剂处理普通成纸,制备了包装用抗菌纸。采用抑菌圈法评价了该抗菌纸对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果,研究了季铵盐壳聚糖的浓度对抗菌纸厚度、抗张强度、耐破度和抑菌性能的影响。结果表明,抗菌纸的抗张强度及耐破度均较原纸有所增加,厚度没有明显变化,能满足包装需求,且具有良好的抗菌性能,其抗菌效果随季铵盐壳聚糖浓度的增加而增强,并且相同季铵盐壳聚糖浓度下的抗菌纸对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果要好于大肠杆菌。     

金属有机框架材料载体系统在食品抗菌包装中的应用

目的 综述金属有机框架材料(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)作为载体系统在食品抗菌包装领域的研究现状和应用进展,以期为MOFs类抗菌包装材料的研发和应用提供参考。方法 介绍MOFs的基本概念及分类,概述MOFs的制备方法(加热法、机械法和电化学法等),总结归纳近年来MOFs作为载体系统在无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂领域的应用,并讨论MOFs作为载体系统的机遇和挑战。结论 MOFs作为一种有机与无机相结合的多孔性复合材料,不仅可有效封装抗菌剂,实现缓释和控释,且将MOFs复合材料作为高分子填料可提高其抗菌性能、力学性能和抗紫外线性能等,因此在制备高效、安全的食品抗菌包装方面具有巨大潜力。     

Preparation of antimicrobial wound dressings via thiol–ene photopolymerization reaction

Preparation of poly (urethane-acrylate) based wound dressings with the ability to boost self-healing of skin tissue through physical protection and maintaining hygiene and moist environment over wounded area is described in the present work. The dressings were prepared via a visible-light induced thiol–ene photopolymerization reaction of a mixture consisting methacrylate urethane prepolymers with hydrophilic and hydrophobic backbones, a quaternary ammonium salt containing methacrylate monomer as an antimicrobial agent, hydroxyethyl methacrylate as reactive diluent and a tetra-functional thiol molecule as a transfer agent. The prepared dressings were characterized and their performance as wound dressings were evaluated through measuring their equilibrium water absorption (EWA), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), mechanical, and biological properties. Based on recorded data, the optimized dressing formulation had suitable tensile strength even at fully hydrated state and it could preserve the appropriate moist environment by balanced EWA and WVTR ratio. MTT assay confirmed proper cytocompatibility of those dressings containing optimized concentration of quaternary ammonium salt containing monomer (20 wt% or less). Examination of antibacterial activity against different Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and a fungal strain revealed a complete killing ability for those dressings containing at least 20 wt% of quaternary ammonium salt containing monomer.     

Biocompatible nano-gallium/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity

Intensive research in the area of medical nanotechnology, especially to cope with the bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics, has shown strong antimicrobial action of metallic and metal-oxide nanomaterials towards a wide variety of bacteria. However, the important remaining problem is that nanomaterials with highest antibacterial activity generally express also a high level of cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. Here we present gallium nanoparticles as a new solution to this problem. We developed a nanocomposite from bioactive hydroxyapatite nanorods (84?wt %) and antibacterial nanospheres of elemental gallium (16?wt %) with mode diameter of 22?±?11?nm. In direct comparison, such nanocomposite with gallium nanoparticles exhibited better antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lower in-vitro cytotoxicity for human lung fibroblasts IMR-90 and mouse fibroblasts L929 (efficient antibacterial action and low toxicity from 0.1 to 1?g/L) than the nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles (efficient antibacterial action and low toxicity from 0.2 to 0.25?g/L). This is the first report of a biomaterial composite with gallium nanoparticles. The observed strong antibacterial properties and low cytotoxicity make the investigated material promising for the prevention of implantation–induced infections that are frequently caused by P. aeruginosa.     

抗菌高分子材料研究进展及应对策略

日常生活中细菌感染极易引起人类的健康问题,因此开发更高效的抗菌材料以减小感染带来的风险,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。其中,抗菌高分子材料由于具有良好的生物相容性、抗菌持久性、不易使细菌产生耐药性,同时其品种丰富、合成和改性相对简单,是当前抗菌材料研究的热点。根据抗菌高分子材料的最新发展趋势,文中着重介绍了阳离子抗菌材料、共轭高分子抗菌材料和抗菌肽等重要高分子抗菌材料,阐述了其抗菌机制,以各种材料的结构、性能、应用之间的关系为主线,总结了抗菌高分子材料的研究进展并展望了其未来发展方向。     

Mesoporous Silica‐Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties

Bacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections and even mortality. In fact, due to extensive use of antibiotics and, then, emergence of antibiotic resistance, treatment of such infections by conventional antibiotics has become a major concern worldwide. One of the promising strategies to treat infection diseases is the use of nanomaterials. Among them, mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) have attracted burgeoning attention due to high surface area, tunable pore/particle size, and easy surface functionalization. This review discusses how one can exploit capacities of MSMs to design and fabricate multifunctional/controllable drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat bacterial infections. At first, the emergency of bacterial and biofilm resistance toward conventional antimicrobials is described and then how nanoparticles exert their toxic effects upon pathogenic cells is discussed. Next, the main aspects of MSMs (e.g., physicochemical properties, multifunctionality, and biosafety) which one should consider in the design of MSM‐based DDSs against bacterial infections are introduced. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of all the papers published dealing with the use of MSMs for delivery of antibacterial chemicals (antimicrobial agents functionalized/adsorbed on mesoporous silica (MS), MS‐loaded with antimicrobial agents, gated MS‐loaded with antimicrobial agents, MS with metal‐based nanoparticles, and MS‐loaded with metal ions) is provided.     

Synergistic Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy of Endophthalmitis Mediated by Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Based Drug Delivery Systems

Endophthalmitis, derived from the infections of pathogens, is a common complication during the use of ophthalmology‐related biomaterials and after ophthalmic surgery. Herein, aiming at efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bacterial infections and biofilm eradication of endophthalmitis, a pH‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8‐polyacrylic acid (ZIF‐8‐PAA) material is constructed for bacterial infection–targeted delivery of ammonium methylbenzene blue (MB), a broad‐spectrum photosensitizer antibacterial agent. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is incorporated into the system to achieve higher pH responsiveness and better drug loading capacity. MB‐loaded ZIF‐8‐PAA nanoparticles are modified with AgNO₃/dopamine for in situ reduction of AgNO₃ to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), followed by a secondary modification with vancomycin/NH₂‐polyethylene glycol (Van/NH₂‐PEG), leading to the formation of a composite nanomaterial, ZIF‐8‐PAA‐MB@AgNPs@Van‐PEG. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis spectral analysis are used to explore the nanoparticles synthesis, drug loading and release, and related material properties. In terms of biological performance, in vitro antibacterial studies against three kinds of bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, suggest an obvious superiority of PDT/AgNPs to any single strategy. Both in vitro retinal pigment epithelium cellular biocompatibility experiments and in vivo mice endophthalmitis models verify the biocompatibility and antibacterial function of the composite nanomaterials.