催化剂催化二氧化硫共聚的研究进展

目前有关二氧化硫(SO_2)减排技术的研究成熟且较多,而SO_2的高效利用却研究较少。SO_2与烯烃、环氧化物及其他单体共聚制备含硫高分子是利用SO_2的有效途径。探索和开发新型高效催化剂是提高其共聚反应效率及调控共聚物结构的根本手段和方法,因此,高效催化剂成为该领域的研究重点。文中分析比较了有机金属、过氧化物、Lewis酸、Lewis碱等催化剂对SO_2与单体共聚制备含硫高分子的影响规律,希望对SO_2催化共聚的研究和发展提供参考。     

聚砜酰胺研究新进展

聚砜酰胺是我国唯一具有自主知识产权的芳香族聚酰胺类有机耐高温材料。聚砜酰胺纤维的研制成功填补了我国在耐250℃等级合成纤维领域的空白。聚砜酰胺纤维具有优异的物理化学性能,在包括国防军工、现代工业生产和环境保护等许多领域都具有重要的应用价值。主要对聚砜酰胺的研究情况进行了系统总结,详细介绍了聚砜酰胺纤维的发展历程;聚砜酰胺纺丝溶液的均相缩聚技术;聚砜酰胺的改性,包括化学结构共聚改性和纳米复合;聚砜酰胺纤维的成型方法;指出了当前聚砜酰胺研究存在的薄弱点,并预测了其研究趋势。     

CO与烯烃共聚反应钯系催化剂的研究进展

钯系催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性,一直是CO与烯烃共聚反应制备聚酮研究较多的催化体系。但由于其价格较高,严重制约了CO与烯烃共聚制备聚酮的工业化进程。系统分析了近几年来钯系催化剂的研究进展,包括钯种类、配体类型、钯的负载方式及反应介质的应用等。以期为制备新型、高效的钯催化剂提供思路,推动CO与烯烃共聚反应制备聚酮的工业化发展。     

ZnS/TiO2聚砜纤维复合材料的制备及其光催化水制氢性能的研究

利用高压静电纺丝制备了具有良好耐光降解性能的羧基聚砜电纺纤维毡,利用其为载体用水热反应法制备了ZnS/TiO2聚砜复合光催化材料,得到了分布均匀的ZnS/TiO2聚砜纤维复合材料。通过X射线衍射、光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、热失重、耐紫外光降解实验对复合材料进行了表征。光催化分解水制氢实验表明:ZnS/TiO2含羧基聚砜纤维复合材料的催化效率高于同等条件下粉体ZnS/TiO2,并且具有很好的重复稳定性。     

超临界烯烃聚合的研究进展--(Ⅰ)聚合工艺及工业应用

超临界流体是一种特殊的热力学状态,在此状态下进行烯烃聚合具有提高催化活性、拓宽氢调范围、改善颗粒形态及促进共聚等优点,特别是作为高熔体指数双峰分布聚烯烃的制备方法,近年来备受关注。文中综述了国外乙烯、丙烯均聚及共聚的超临界工艺和工业化应用现状,并对我国正在进行的超临界烯烃聚合工艺的研究进行了展望。     

降冰片烯及其衍生物开环易位聚合的研究进展

环烯烃开环易位聚合(ROMP)是指在金属催化剂存在下,环烯烃中的碳碳双键断裂并重新结合形成新的分子,得到的聚合物中留有不饱和双键,具有活性聚合的特点。ROMP是改造碳碳双键最有效的手段之一,极具特色且广泛应用于高分子材料与有机分子的合成。关于环烯烃ROMP研究早在20世纪50年代就已开始,当时的研究主要集中在以Ti、Re、W、Mo等过渡金属配合物组成的Ziegler-Natta催化体系引发环烯烃ROMP。20世纪80年代中期以后,研究则以亚烷基类或卡宾型类催化剂为主,其引发环烯烃ROMP的机理更加清晰。随着结构明确、稳定高效的环烯烃ROMP催化剂的开发与完善,该领域的研究焦点开始转向环烯烃ROMP适用单体的拓展以及所得聚合物的应用。在环烯烃ROMP研究中,降冰片烯及其衍生物是研究最多和应用最广的一类单体,这是因为它们的反应活性较高,来源丰富,价格也不昂贵。除研究拓展ROMP适用单体外,研究者主要从降冰片烯基单体的空间位阻、化学构型、侧基极性以及与其他环烯烃或降冰片烯基单体共聚改性等方面不断进行尝试,同时充分发挥环烯烃ROMP优势,与其他聚合方法联用,不断改善所得聚合物的性能并将其应用于不同研究领域。降冰片烯及其衍生物ROMP在阻燃材料、交换膜、纳米材料、生物医药等领域已取得一系列研究成果,其中在阻燃材料领域研究最早且许多产品已经工业化。在交换膜领域,由于降冰片烯基聚合物膜的热稳定性、耐酸碱性和电导率均较好,目前的研究主要是探索如何在燃料电池中获得应用。纳米材料是近年来最热门的研究领域之一,降冰片烯基纳米金属聚合物材料和纳米磁性聚合物材料等已有初步应用。在生物医药领域,降冰片烯及其衍生物极具发展前景,目前的研究主要集中在药物传输材料,已有初步的研究成果,但要实现工业化尚待进一步研究。此外,基于降冰片烯及其衍生物的接枝聚合物、嵌段聚合物、液晶聚合物、导电聚合物等也获得人们越来越多的关注。本文简要介绍了降冰片烯及其衍生物ROMP的反应机理,以及ROMP催化剂从多组分到钼、钨系再到钌系等几个发展阶段,详细综述了降冰片烯及其衍生物ROMP在上述若干领域的研究进展,并在此基础上简要探讨了今后研究与开发应用的新方向。     

聚砜与丙烯酸紫外光辐射接枝共聚制备pH敏感共混膜

运用紫外光辐射引发均相溶液体系中的聚砜与丙烯酸接枝共聚;以聚砜与丙烯酸接枝共聚物和纯聚砜为共混基材,制备出具有pH响应性的环境敏感共混膜;研究了共混膜结构和性能,考察了不同pH值下的膜纯水通量,结果表明,共混膜含有丙烯酸基团,含接枝共聚物的共混膜具有明显的pH敏感性,纯聚砜膜没有明显的pH敏感性。     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯聚合物研究进展

从共混和共聚两个方面综述了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯聚合物的制备方法 ,指出乳液聚合法是目前制备该类材料最重要的手段。介绍了国际上几个大公司在该领域研究开发方面的最新进展 ,简要说明了该类材料在塑料、橡胶、涂料和粘合剂等方面的应用。     

烯烃/马来酰亚胺共聚体的开发

烯烃／马来酰亚胺共聚体是一类新的透明材料。本文介绍了它的开发，以及ＴＩ１６０的特性与应用。     

聚砜类分离膜的研究进展

聚砜类材料作为一类性能优异的膜材料近年来被广泛应用于膜分离过程.本文从膜材料、制备方法和膜应用3方面阐述了聚砜类分离膜的国内外最新研究进展及应用领域的发展现状,并对聚砜类分离膜的前景做了展望.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.