抗氧化活性林蛙胎卵多肽酶解酶的筛选

以东北林蛙胎卵为原料,以酶解液对DPPH自由基和羟自由基(.OH)清除率为指标,分别研究木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶在最佳酶作用条件下酶解时间对酶解液清除DPPH自由基、.OH的影响,筛选出适合生产抗氧化活性林蛙胎卵蛋白肽的碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶,再经过复合双酶酶解林蛙胎卵实验,结果表明,以中性蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶复合酶解林蛙胎卵3h得到肽液的.OH清除率与DPPH自由基清除率最高,达到80.91%和70.45%。     

蚕蛹蛋白酶解工艺及其水解产物抗氧化性

以蛋白水解度为指标,利用中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解蚕蛹蛋白。通过单因素试验和正交试验对影响蚕蛹蛋白水解度的因素进行优化试验,分析了两种蛋白酶对蚕蛹蛋白酶解效果的影响,并测定水解产物抗氧化活性。结果表明,中性蛋白酶酶解蚕蛹蛋白时,最优工艺条件为底物浓度为1.2%、酶解时间3.5 h、酶解pH 10.0、酶与底物比5.0%,此时,蚕蛹蛋白水解度最高为27.38%;木瓜蛋白酶酶解蚕蛹蛋白时,最优工艺条件为底物浓度为1.5%、酶解时间5.0 h、酶解pH 10.0、酶与底物比9.0%,此时,蚕蛹蛋白水解度最高为18.26%。最佳工艺条件下,中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物DPPH清除率分别为83.84%和81.24%,超氧阴离子自由基清除率分别为6.36%和9.72%,羟基自由基清除率分别为43.30%和62.24%。综上所述,木瓜蛋白酶对酶解产物的抗氧化效果较好。     

木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶分步水解玉米蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶水解玉米蛋白粉,在两种酶最佳作用条件下,对两种酶作用时间进行了研究,结果表明,采用木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶双酶分步水解其酶解产物的还原力和DPPH·清除率显著提高。木瓜蛋白酶水解1 h后再用碱性蛋白酶水解2 h得到玉米蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化效果最好,且其酶解产物的还原力为0.725,DPPH·清除率为69.6%。     

金枪鱼骨抗氧化酶解物的工艺优化

为获得高抗氧化活性的金枪鱼骨粉酶解液。用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶4种蛋白酶对鱼骨粉进行酶解,以酶解液的DPPH自由基清除活性为主要指标,水解度为辅助指标进行分析,筛选出试验最适水解酶为中性蛋白酶。采用响应面设计方法对鱼骨粉酶解工艺进行优化。结果表明,骨粉最佳酶解工艺参数为:酶解温度56.22℃,酶解时间1.88 h,p H 6.15,液料比20.19∶1(m L∶g)。该条件下的鱼骨粉酶解液蛋白质浓度为9.30 mg/m L,水解度为12.34%,DPPH清除率为94.97%,羟基(·OH)自由基清除率为97.89%。骨粉酶解液显示出较强的抗氧化活性,且优于同浓度条件下的VC液抗氧化活性。     

鸡骨酶解物的抗氧化活性研究

分别选用复合风味蛋白酶、Protamex复合蛋白酶、Alcalase蛋白酶、胰酶、胰蛋白酶、AS.1398中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解鸡骨泥,研究鸡骨酶解物(蛋白质含量3 mg/mL)对DPPH、羟自由基(OH·)的清除能力及其还原性.试验结果表明:Protamex复合蛋白酶酶解鸡骨产物的DPPH清除率最强,即81.44%;复合风味蛋白酶酶解物OH·清除率达30.32%,还原性测定的吸光值为0.3.总之,鸡骨酶解物的DPPH清除能力强于羟自由基清除能力和还原力.在研究不同浓度和水解度对鸡骨酶解物清除DPPH活性的影响时发现,随着酶解物蛋白质质量浓度的增大,酶解物的DPPH清除率升高.复合风味蛋白酶、Protamex复合蛋白酶的鸡骨酶解物蛋白质质量浓度分别为4、6mg/mL时,其DPPH清除率分别达91.49%、97.3%.但DPPH清除率与水解度不呈正相关性,只有在特定水解度下,使抗氧化肽含量最高时,水解物才表现出最强的抗氧化能力.例如复合风味蛋白酶、AS.1398中性蛋白酶、Protamex复合蛋白酶、胰酶的最佳水解度分别为12.59%、23.78%、14.45%、20.04%.     

不同蛋白酶对小麦蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性的影响

小麦蛋白是小麦淀粉加工的副产物,酶解是提高小麦蛋白溶解性和功能性的有效方式,而酶解用酶种类可能对酶解产物的功能性如抗氧化活性有一定影响。采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶6种常用的蛋白酶分别对小麦蛋白进行酶解,并对酶解4 h后酶解物的多肽得率、分子质量分布、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)清除率、羟自由基(·OH)清除率等反映水解程度和抗氧化能力的主要指标进行评价。结果表明,风味蛋白酶酶解物中多肽得率最高,达91.44%,且分子质量小于3 000 D的多肽含量达76.9%;酶解物质量浓度为3 mg/m L时,木瓜蛋白酶酶解物对DPPH自由基清除作用最好,清除率为65.12%(P0.01),其次是风味蛋白酶(58.43%)和碱性蛋白酶(55.29%);碱性蛋白酶酶解物对O_2~-·清除率效果最好,清除率为58.68%(P0.01),其次是风味蛋白酶(49.25%);碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解物对·OH清除效果最佳,清除率分别为59.23%和58.16%。结果说明,蛋白酶种类对小麦蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性影响显著,风味蛋白酶对提高蛋白水解程度和生成小分子质量多肽的作用明显,而碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶对提高酶解产物抗氧化活性效果较好。     

响应面法优化秋刀鱼酶解制备抗氧化活性肽的工艺

采用酶解法从秋刀鱼肌肉中提取抗氧化活性肽,以水解度(DH)、TCA-可溶性肽含量、DPPH自由基清除率、Fe3+还原力、·OH清除率以及O2?·清除率为指标,从六种商业用酶中(中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶)筛选出最适蛋白酶.以料液比、酶添加量、酶解时间、温度、pH五个因素进行单因...     

微波酸处理对骨胶原蛋白酶解效果的影响研究

以骨胶原蛋白为原料,采用微波酸处理辅助酶解制备胶原蛋白肽,以水解度及抗氧化能力为指标确定最佳水解条件。通过比较实验确定最佳微波酸处理条件为:微波功率510W作用270s;通过对酸性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及碱性蛋白酶水解结果比较,确定中性蛋白酶水解产物的水解度及ABTS、DPPH自由基清除率最高;通过单因素实验及正交实验优化中性酶最佳酶解条件为:酶与底物比10%,底物浓度4%,反应温度55℃,pH7.0。结果表明,与单独酶解相比,微波酸处理能够使骨胶原蛋白酶解时间缩短1/2,水解度上升3.2%,产物的ABTS、DPPH自由基清除率分别提高8.7%和3.1%。     

Box-Benhnken响应面优化巴旦杏抗氧化肽的制备工艺

本文研究了以巴旦杏粕蛋白为实验原料,通过Box-Benhnken响应面优化巴旦杏粕蛋白抗氧化肽的酶法制备工艺。以酶解产物的水解度及DPPH?清除率为评价标准从碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶中挑选最优水解酶,考察酶的添加量、pH值、酶解时间及酶解温度对酶解产物DPPH?清除率的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用四因素三水平响应面法确定巴旦杏抗氧化肽酶法制备工艺。结果表明：碱性蛋白酶较适合制备巴旦杏抗氧化肽,其最佳酶解工艺条件为：酶解时pH为9.1,酶添加量为10000 U/g,酶解温度为58 ℃,酶解时间为4 h,此时酶解物的DPPH?清除率为74.45%。该条件适于制备的巴旦杏抗氧化肽,通过对巴旦杏抗氧化肽制备工艺的优化可为抗氧化肽的开发与应用提供理论借鉴。     

羊血亚铁血红素的酶法制备及抗氧化活性研究

以新鲜羊血为原料，通过酶水解法制备亚铁血红素，并测定其体外抗氧化活性。以水解度为评价指标，对比分析中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、Alcalase2.4L碱性蛋白酶酶解效果，确定选用Alcalase2.4L碱性蛋白酶为水解酶。通过单因素实验及正交实验得到最优酶解工艺为：温度55℃、pH8.5、加酶量8000 U/g，酶解时间8 h。添加0.05%抗坏血酸抗氧化，最终血红素得率为94.65%，其中亚铁血红素纯度为83.87%。以Vc为阳性对照，通过测定亚铁血红素的DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率研究其抗氧化活性，结果表明亚铁血红素有较好的抗氧化活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the