傅立叶红外光谱法研究氰酸酯树脂及其改性体系的固化反应

借助傅立叶红外光谱对双酚 A型氰酸酯树脂、二月桂酸二丁基锡 /双酚 A型氰酸酯、环氧树脂 /双酚 A型氰酸酯树脂、酚醛环氧 /双马来酰亚胺 /双酚 A型氰酸酯树脂等体系的固化反应进行了在位监控分析 ,着重讨论了各体系的反应性。研究表明 ,未加催化剂的双酚 A型氰酸酯树脂体系固化反应的活化能为 175 .0 k J/ mol,频率因子 A=2 .5 5× 10 14 min-1;采用二月桂酸二丁基锡催化的氰酸酯树脂体系的活化能 Ea=5 1.7k J/ mol,A=6.12× 10 2 min-1;环氧树脂改性的氰酸酯树脂体系的固化反应温度明显降低 ,引入催化剂后转化率也明显提高 ;酚醛环氧树脂 /双马来酰亚胺树脂 /氰酸酯树脂体系具有良好的反应性。     

氰酸酯／双马来酰亚胺共固化树脂

氰酸酯/双马来酰亚胺共混或共聚改性树脂综合了氰酸酯树脂与双马树脂的优良性能,是一种具有广阔应用前景的耐高温、高性能热固性树脂材料.阐述了共聚和共混两种共固化反应机理,列举了现有的改性研究思路和树脂体系,综述了近10年来在改性树脂的工艺、固化机理、结构与性能方面的研究进展.     

多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷/氰酸酯杂化树脂固化动力学与固化工艺研究

采用非等温差示扫描量热法测试了不同升温速率下氰酸酯及氰酸酯/多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)复合材料的固化过程,分析了不同升温速率下,POSS对树脂体系固化行为的影响.运用Kissinger法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法对杂化树脂固化反应活化能进行了计算.结果表明,POSS对氰酸酯树脂固化具有催化作用,能显著降低树脂固化温度,含10%POSS的杂化体系固化温度可降至212℃;两种不同模型计算的活化能分别为83.30kJ/mol和85.68kJ/mol,与纯氰酸酯相比,杂化树脂的固化活化能和反应级数均有所增大.     

环氧树脂改性双环戊二烯型氰酸酯树脂固化反应性

采用凝胶试验、 FTIR和DSC等手段研究了环氧E-51与双环戊二烯型氰酸酯(DCPDCE)共聚体系的固化反应性以及阶梯固化过程中—OCN基、 三嗪环、 唑啉、 噁唑啉酮的变化情况。结果表明, 环氧树脂既能够催化氰酸酯本身三聚成环反应, 又对氰酸酯三聚成环反应有稀释作用。当环氧树脂含量(环氧占混合物总量的质量百分比)大于5wt％时, 催化效果增加不明显, 稀释作用加强; 当环氧树脂含量约为25wt%时, 以上两种作用效果基本平衡, 改性体系的固化反应活性和纯DCPDCE相当。阶梯固化时, 低温阶段(160~180℃)主要发生生成三嗪环和唑啉的反应, 高温阶段(200~220℃)主要发生三嗪环和唑啉向噁唑啉酮的转化反应。另外, —OCN基的低温转化率随着环氧树脂含量的增大而提高, 固化树脂的最终结构组成和环氧树脂的含量有关。      

CE改性及柔性膜性能

研究了催化剂、固化时间和温度对环氧树脂(EP)或丁腈橡胶(A)改性氰酸酯树脂(CE)固化反应的影响以及CE/A膜性能.不舍催化剂的CE/EP体系160℃不能有效固化,而含有二月桂酸二丁基锡(B)的CE/EP体系能有效固化,且固化反应速度随着B用量增加而提高.CE/A/B体系的固化程度随着固化时间延长和温度升高而提高.C...     

环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂的性能研究

通过DSC、DMA和TGA、介电性能测试和力学性能测试等方法,研究了环氧树脂用量和分子结构对氰酸酯树脂性能的影响。结果表明,环氧树脂改变了氰酸酯树脂的固化反应历程,降低了氰酸酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度、热分解温度和介电性能,提高了氰酸酯树脂的弯曲强度和冲击强度。含脂环和酯键的三官能团TDE-85树脂与JF-45邻甲酚甲醛环氧树脂相比,在改善氰酸酯树脂力学性能方面较好,在保持氰酸酯的耐热性和介电性能方面相当。     

海因环氧改性氰酸酯树脂体系的固化行为研究

目的 采用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT–IR）研究海因环氧/双酚A型氰酸酯（BAE）和海因环氧/四甲基双酚F型氰酸酯（TBF）的固化反应行为。方法 通过Kissinger、Ozawa和Crane法对2种树脂体系的固化动力学参数进行了计算，并采用热重分析（TGA）和热机械分析（DMA）评价树脂改性前后的热稳定性和热力学性能。结果 海因环氧改性氰酸酯树脂体系均呈现双重固化放热峰，TBF体系具有相对更高的表观活化能，而BAE体系具有更好的耐热性能，其玻璃化转变温度（tg）和在氮气下质量损失率为5%时的温度分别为271.6℃和403.4℃。结论 海因环氧树脂可以促进氰酸酯的聚合反应，制备的改性树脂体系可用于耐高温树脂基体和电子封装等材料。     

双酚A型二氰酸酯及其环氧改性体系的反应性研究

采用两种不同环氧树脂与双酚A型二氰酸酯树脂(BADCy)进行共聚改性,应用DSC,FTIR对BADCy及其环氧改性体系的反应机理及产物结构进行了研究,结果发现,BADCy在固化过程中仅发生自聚反应并生成三嗪环.环氧改性氰酸酯体系在低温下(＜180℃)主要发生氰酸酯自聚、嗯唑啉酮的生成及少量环氧醚化反应,而在高温下(＞200℃)主要发生噁唑啉酮结构的转变及环氧基的插入反应,并最终生成噁唑烷酮,固化体系中同时含有三嗪环、异氰尿酸酯、噁唑啉酮及噁唑烷酮环基团,各基团含量主要由改性体系中环氧基团的含量及固化温度决定.     

环氧树脂与氰酸酯共固化物的结构与性能

研究了用乙酰丙酮过渡金属络合物等促进剂催化促进环氧树脂与氰酸酯(在氰酸酯欠量,适量和过量条件下)的共固化反应行为、固化反应的机理、固化物的结构特征以及结构与性能关系.结果表明,促进剂能明显地降低体系的固化反应温度,缩短固化反应时间,其促进效果与促进剂种类有关.在固化反应过程中,先是氰酸酯发生自聚反应形成二聚体或三聚体(三嗪环),然后二聚体进一步形成三嗪环,此过程伴随着环氧树脂的聚醚反应,最后是三嗪环与剩余的环氧基反应形成噁唑烷酮.在氰酸酯欠量的条件下,固化物的交联结构主要是聚醚网络结构和噁唑烷酮结构,三嗪结构很少.在氰酸酯适量和过量条件下,固化物交联结构主要是三嗪环和噁唑烷酮结构,聚醚结构很少.随着氰酸酯含量的增加,三嗪结构随之增加,聚醚结构减少,固化物的耐热性能和介电性能随之提高.     

苯并口恶嗪/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂共混体系的催化固化行为研究进展

苯并口恶嗪/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂三元共混体系在一定程度上克服了苯并口恶嗪树脂固化温度高、固化时间长这一缺点,且具有优异的耐热性、介电性能、尺寸稳定性和低吸湿性等综合性能。基于苯并口恶嗪的一元、二元催化固化体系是研究其三元共混体系的理论基础,文中除了重点讲述苯并口恶嗪/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂三元共混体系的催化与固化行为,还对苯并口恶嗪及其与环氧树脂、酚醛树脂的二元共混体系的催化固化行为进行了简要的概述。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。