果葡糖浆解惑

果葡糖浆或称高果糖浆[美国称玉米高果糖浆（HFCS）]是甜度与蔗糖相当、风味纯正、营养丰富，可以最佳替代蔗糖使用或取代蔗糖使用的新型甜味剂（有的产品使用果葡糖浆比使用蔗糖有更好的风味或效益）。果葡糖浆自1968年实现工业化生产以来，已成为很多国家的重要甜味剂品种。美国食糖甜味剂（蔗糖加淀粉糖）消费总量的55％是靠淀粉糖来解决的（2004年人均消费干基淀粉糖35．56kg），而淀粉糖甜味剂中75％是果葡糖浆（年人均消费干基果葡糖26．94kg），也就是说，果葡糖占食糖（淀粉糖加蔗糖）消费量的42％，因此美国2004年果葡糖浆的总产量达1066．68万t（去水份后的干基约793万t），日本、韩国果葡糖浆的产量约为85万t和50万t，分别占食糖（淀粉糖加蔗糖）消费量的20％和27％。于欧盟是蔗糖可以自给的国家（美国、日本都是蔗糖进口国），甜味剂以蔗糖为主，果葡糖只占食糖总消费量的2．7％，我国虽然淀粉糖的产量已达420万t，但果葡糖产量不大，只占食糖总量的1．5％左右，处于起步阶段。近年，由于人民生活水平提高，食糖消费量逐年加大，蔗糖（甘蔗糖、甜蔗糖）供应已不能满足市场需求，价格涨幅也较大，因此促进了我国果葡糖浆的加快发展。     

果葡糖浆影响蛋糕生产工艺及其质量的研究：乳化剂的应用

本文较详细地研究了玉米的深加工产品──果葡糖浆对蛋糕生产工艺及其质量的影响。研究结果表明，果葡糖浆不能改善蛋糕的质量，不能完全代替蔗糖，必须调整配方和使用乳化剂。乳化剂明显地改善了果葡糖浆蛋糕的质量。     

果葡糖浆替代饮料中蔗糖的研究

以果葡糖浆替代饮料中的部分蔗糖,以及用高倍甜味剂与果葡糖浆复配替代饮料中的部分蔗糖进行试验,对其口感、甜度等进行感官评价.结果表明:当甜度一定时,饮料中果葡糖浆替代蔗糖比例为30%～40%时,其口感与单独添加蔗糖时差别最小,对产品风味影响最小.     

全酶法F-42型果葡糖浆生产工艺的关键控制点

全酶法Ｆ－４２型果葡糖浆生产工艺的关键控制点严奉伟果葡糖浆是本世纪六十年代以后才出现的新产品，主要作为蔗糖的替代品。在饮料、食品加工中，其营养、风味及加工性能优于蔗糖。在发达国家，果葡糖浆已发展到第三代，渗入到食品工业的各个方面。我国也于６０年代开始...     

关于我国果葡糖浆发展的分析

我国果葡糖浆的研究起步较早，早在60年代中期，几乎与日本和美国等发达国家同时起步，并先后在70年代，全国已建有20多处生产工厂，但由于条件不成熟而纷纷下马。只有1976年安徽蚌埠果糖厂年产1600吨果葡糖浆生产线效果较好。该厂设计的饮料“黄山可乐”也因使用果葡糖浆代蔗糖，     

影响褐色益生菌乳饮料颜色的因素

美拉德反应是褐色乳饮料独特风味物质的主要来源。试验中使用色度仪测量产品黄蓝值,比较黄褐色产物的量,进而判断比较美拉德反应程度。通过单因素试验与正交试验分析了热处理时间、果葡糖浆添加量、无乳糖乳粉添加量对美拉德反应的影响,确定了形成乳饮料良好色泽风味的美拉德反应的优化条件为:热处理时间90min,果葡糖浆添加量9%,无乳糖脱脂乳粉添加量2%。     

国内外果葡糖浆生产现状与前景分析

1．果葡糖精装生产的发展状况国际上将果葡糖浆的生产发展分为三代。第一代果葡精装也叫果葡糖浆，简称42糖，其糖份组成为果糖42％（干基，下同）、葡萄糖53％、低聚据5％，浓度为71说，甜度约等于蔗糖；第H代吴葡糖浆叫高果葡糖浆，简称55糖，其精份组成为果糖55％、葡萄糖40％、低聚精5％，浓度为77％，甜度约为蔗糖的1．l倍；第三代果葡糖浆叫高纯果葡糖浆，简称叨糖，其精份组成为果糖叨％、葡萄糖7％，低聚精3％，浓度为80％．甜度约为蔗糖的1．4倍。第一代果葡糖浆的研制生产开始于以淀粉作原料，50年代发现葡萄糖经碱（NaO、KOH…     

国内最大的果葡糖浆生产线建成

笔者从山东金玉生物研究所科研中心获悉，目前国内规模最大的果葡糖浆生产线，在历史名城禹城山东保龄宝生物技术有限公司建成。　　果葡糖浆也称为高果糖浆或异构糖浆，它是以酶法糖化淀粉所得的糖化液经葡萄糖异构酶的异构作用，将其中一部分葡萄糖异构成果糖。果葡糖浆与蔗糖相比以其高甜度甜味剂占了上风，逐步取代大部分蔗糖成为当今软饮料甜味剂的主流。美国奥立公司与国内淀粉糖生产大企业的山东保龄宝生物技术有限公司联手，投巨资建成一条年产10万t果葡糖浆生产线，双方将合作推出“保龄宝”果葡糖浆，以此为纽带结成利益共同体。…     

果葡糖浆的吸收代谢及其对健康的影响

果葡糖浆是一种可以广泛应用在饮料、烘焙食品、乳制品及其他食品中的液体糖,其以优良的使用性能及价格优势逐渐成为蔗糖的替代品。近年来,随着国内果葡糖浆消费量的不断增加,人们越来越关注果葡糖浆的安全性及其对健康的影响。文章综述了果葡糖浆的吸收和代谢过程,并分析了其对肥胖和糖尿病的影响。虽然国内外对于果葡糖浆摄入过量是否会对健康有影响的问题尚存在争议,但是目前大多数的研究结果表明,果葡糖浆与蔗糖、蜂蜜等其他碳水化合物相比,并不会额外增加患肥胖、糖尿病等慢性疾病的风险。     

二篇 果葡糖浆开辟酿酒行业新纪元

果葡糖浆 (Ｆｒｕｃｔｏｓｅｃｏｒｎｓｙｒｕｐｓ)也称高果糖浆或异构糖浆 ,它是以酶法糖化淀粉所得的糖化液经葡萄糖异构酶的异构作用 ,将其中的一部分葡萄糖异构成果糖 ,由葡萄糖和果糖而组成的一种混合糖浆。作为一种新型食糖 ,它越来越受到人们的重视和欢迎。果葡糖浆与蔗糖相比 ,以甜度高、风味好、热量低、营养丰富等特性占了优势 ,逐步替代大部分蔗糖。目前美国是世界上最大的果葡糖浆生产国和消费国 ,1 996/1 997年生产果葡糖浆 758 4万吨 ,约占世界总产量 1 0 2 4 1万吨的 3 /4。目前 ,美国消费果葡糖浆和葡萄糖浆的数量已超过蔗…     

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of soluble carbohydrates in commercial drinks

High performance liquid chromatography was carried out to determine the soluble sugar content in canned soft drinks and commercial fruit juices stored in different types of containers. The total amount of sugars ranged from 9.2 to 13.5 g 100 ml^?1 for the soft drinks, 10 to 14 g 100 ml^?1 in fruit nectars and 3 g 100 ml^?1 in tomato juice. The individual sugar content of soft drinks varied between different batches, although the total amount remained fairly constant for each kind of drink or juice. Only in tomato juice where sucrose was not present, did the values for glucose and fructose remain constant.     

Free sugars determination by HPLC in pineapple products

Free sugars have been determined by HPLC in fresh pineapple fruit, freshly extracted pineapple juice (home-made), pineapple juice concentrate (for industrial use), commercial pineapple juices and nectars. In natural samples, intermediate products and commercial juices the dominant sugar was sucrose, followed by fructose and glucose, both of which were found in similar concentrations. However, the sugar content of nectars analyzed was highly variable. The presence of maltose in nectar samples is a clear indication of the addition of sugars from corn syrup. We have found a fructose/glucose ratio close to 1, and the coefficient fructose plus glucose/sucrose close to 1, both of which are a good index of authenticity of pineapple juices.     

浓缩果汁生产中嗜酸耐热菌的控制

嗜酸耐热菌对浓缩果汁加工成的饮料的风味影响较大，果汁饮料消费国对此项指标的要求越来越严．对果汁生产中嗜酸耐热菌的控制方法进行研究、探讨，有助于有效控制嗜酸耐热菌，提高果汁产品质量。     

营养型柿子酒生产技术

以澄清柿汁、食用酒精、蔗糖、蜂蜜等为原料,将柿汁醇化后,加入30 mL糖浆、80 mL纯净水和1.0 g柠檬酸调配而制成糖分含量高、酒精度低、风味独特的营养型柿子酒.     

DEVELOPMENT OF A SWEETENER FROM BLACK PLUM (VITEX DONIANA) FRUIT

The Black plum (Vitex doniana) fruit was studied in respect of the chemical composition of its edible pulp, and syrup produced by concentration of extracted juice. Organoleptic evaluation was also conducted on the developed syrup. The results show that the edible pulp of the fruit is acidic (PH 5.20), high in moisture (67.9%), sucrose (12.5%) and reducing sugar (7.3%), and fairly rich in vitamin C (28.5 mg/100 g). Temperature of water used for extracting juice from the pulp correlated positively with soluble solids (r=0.86), titratable acidity (r=0.91) and negatively with vitamin C (r=?0.61). The syrup contained higher reducing sugars (51.7%), lower moisture (25.0%), but similar sucrose (12.9%) content compared to the pulp. The soluble solids of the extracted juice and consequently the yield of the syrup varied with water temperature. An optimum temperature of 80°C gave 20% (w/w) syrup per pulp. The syrup compares favorably with sucrose in sensory properties in model foods.     

Sensory attributes of low‐fat strawberry yoghurt as influenced by honey from different floral sources,sucrose and high‐fructose corn sweetener

Low‐fat strawberry yoghurts were prepared with each of five alternative sweeteners: sucrose, high‐fructose corn syrup and honey from three different floral sources. A ninety‐nine‐member consumer panel evaluated the yoghurts for flavour, aroma, sweetness and overall acceptance. Degree of liking was scored by the panellists on a nine‐point hedonic scale. Panellists preferred sucrose‐sweetened yoghurts over those sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup and honey (P < 0.05). Among the honey‐sweetened yoghurts, sage honey was the most liked (P < 0.05), followed by alfalfa‐ and sourwood‐sweetened yoghurts.     

我国市售饮料中游离糖含量研究

目的 了解我国市售饮料中游离糖及其单体的含量,为游离糖摄入及其风险评估提供基础数据,为制定完善相关政策提供科学依据。方法 根据我国饮料行业产销量并结合地理分布,2015年采集9类饮料样品共计708份;根据美国分析化学家协会(AOAC)2000.17方法,以高效离子色谱-脉冲安培检测法测定其中的单糖和二糖(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、半乳糖)含量。结果 708份饮料样品中游离糖含量均值为8.4 g/100 g,其中固体饮料中游离糖含量达41.2 g/100 g,除固体饮料外,果蔬汁类饮料(10.6 g/100 g)、碳酸饮料(9.2 g/100 g)游离糖平均含量较高。葡萄糖含量最高的三类饮料分别为果蔬汁类饮料、碳酸饮料和风味饮料;果糖含量最高的三类饮料分别为碳酸饮料、果蔬汁类饮料和风味饮料;固体饮料、咖啡饮料、蛋白饮料、植物饮料蔗糖含量高于其他种类饮料。36.3%(257/708)的饮料中游离糖含量＞10 g/100 g。果蔬汁类饮料(61.8%,89/144)、碳酸饮料(52.8%,84/159)和风味饮料(41.7%,5/12)中游离糖含量＞10 g/100 g的比例位居前三位。结论 2015年我国市售饮料中游离糖含量普遍较高,其中果蔬汁饮料、碳酸饮料中游离糖含量高于其他饮料。     

Effect of Osmotic Agents and Concentration on Fruit Quality

Osmotic syrups can be reconcentrated and reused for osmotic water removal through at least five complete cycles without adversely affecting the fruit being concentrated, even though the properties of the osmotic medium do change. Syrup penetration rate into a fruit piece was faster with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) than sucrose. Taste panel evaluation indicated that overall, sucrose was preferred as an osmotic medium over HFCS.     

Corn Sweeteners in Ham Formulas

Corn sweeteners were compared with sucrose in cure formulas for hams. Thirty-six hams were randomly treated with nine sweetener treatments replicated four times. Combinations of sucrose, 55% high fructose corn syrup, 42% high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup were used in brine formulas for pumping the hams. Sensory evaluations found no significant difference between sweetener type and sensory scores on color, flavor, tenderness, and overall satisfaction. However, ham weights appeared to be affected slightly by sweetener type. Sucrose produced greater ham yields at a 3% sweetener level. However, 55% high fructose corn syrup at 3.15% equalled the yield observed for sucrose. Forty-two percent high fructose corn syrup at greater than 3.3% solid level approached the yields observed for sucrose. Since sensory factors do not appear to be affected by corn syrup solids, only economic and yield factors need bc considered for their use in commercially produced hams.