猪血浆蛋白水解物抗氧化作用模式的研究

将猪血浆蛋白(4%浓度,W/W)分别用碱性蛋白酶水解0.5～6h。用pH-Stat方法测定其水解度;同时测定水解物还原能力、金属离子(Cu2+和Fe2+)鳌合能力以及对DPPH自由基清除能力来分析猪血浆蛋白水解物的抗氧化作用模式。结果表明,5h的猪血浆蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物具有较高的还原能力、合成抗氧化剂所没有的金属鳌合能力以及较强的清除自由基的能力。通过比较不同浓度的水解物抗氧化性实验发现,随着水解物浓度的增高,其抗氧化活性显著增强(p＜0.05)。尽管未水解的猪血浆蛋白也有一定的抗氧化活性,但远远低于水解物的抗氧化活性(p＜0.05)。由于猪血浆蛋白水解物具有一定的抗氧化活性,所以可以作为金属离子鳌合剂、氢供体和自由基稳定剂用以抑制脂质氧化。     

蛋白酶种类及水解时间对猪血浆蛋白水解物抗氧化性和乳化性的影响

主要探讨蛋白酶种类及水解时间对猪血浆蛋白水解物抗氧化活性以及乳化能力的影响。采用3种蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶)对猪血浆蛋白分别水解20、40、60、80、120 min。测定猪血浆蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性、乳化活力、乳化稳定性以及分子质量的变化趋势。结果表明:相对于木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶来说,碱性蛋白酶能够显著提高猪血浆蛋白水解物的还原能力、ABTS~+·和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力(P0.05),而且碱性蛋白酶水解60 min时所获得的猪血浆蛋白水解物具有最高的乳化活力和乳化稳定性(P0.05)。另外,随着水解时间的延长,猪血浆蛋白水解物中小于5 k D的成分显著增加(P0.05),且碱性蛋白酶对猪血浆蛋白的酶解效果最佳(P0.05)。上述结果表明,碱性蛋白酶适度水解猪血浆蛋白以后获得的水解物同时具有良好的抗氧化活性和乳化能力。     

双酶水解小麦胚芽及水解物的抗氧化活性研究

本文研究双酶相继水解脱脂小麦胚芽及对水解物抗氧化活性的影响。实验结果表明,与碱性蛋白酶和Protamex组合及碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶组合相继水解得到的水解物相比,用碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2.4L)和胰蛋白酶相继水解得到的水解物的清除DPPH自由基能力和还原能力最大。上述三组不同酶组合的水解物的抗氧化活性均高于碱性蛋白酶单酶水解脱脂小麦胚芽的水解物。小麦胚芽双酶水解物的抗氧化活性与水解物浓度有关,增加水解物浓度可有效提高其清除DPPH自由基能力和还原能力。     

酶水解制备猪血浆蛋白抗氧化肽工艺参数的优化

对猪血浆蛋白的水解条件进行优化,并对其不同水解条件下水解物的抗氧化性进行了研究.采用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶以及木瓜蛋白酶制备猪血浆蛋白水解物,用pH-Stat法测定其水解度,通过测定卵磷脂脂质氧化体系的抑制作用和亚铁还原能力,来研究水解物的抗氧化能力.结果表明,猪血浆蛋白水解物的抗氧化能力与酶的种类、底物是否经预热处理及水解度的大小有关,筛选出碱性蛋白酶为最佳用酶;通过测定不同底物浓度、不同酶与底物浓度比以及不同水解时间的水解物的TBARS值(硫代巴比妥酸值)和还原能力,得出底物浓度为4%,酶与底物浓度比为2%,水解时间5h的水解物具有较高的抗氧化能力.     

豌豆蛋白水解物的分离及其抗氧化活性的研究

将豌豆蛋白用胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶水解0.5～6 h,用pH-Stat法测定其水解度;测定水解物的还原能力、清除自由基能力来分析豌豆蛋白水解物的抗氧化作用模式。将4 h的豌豆蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解产物采用葡聚糖凝胶G-25分离豌豆肽,测定各片段的抗氧化活性,以确定豌豆抗氧化肽的分子量。结果得出豌豆蛋白水解产物的自由基清除能力、还原能力都是随着水解时间的延长而增大。底物浓度为7%、水解4 h的豌豆蛋白水解产物与其它水解条件下的水解产物相比,具有较高的抗氧化活性。采用G-25分离豌豆肽的结果表明,抗氧化活性较高的豌豆肽的平均分子量约640Da左右,其抗氧化能力是豌豆肽原液的2倍。     

银鲳酶解物抗氧化活性研究

选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对银鲳蛋白进行酶解以制备蛋白酶解物,以羟基自由基清除活性为指标确定银鲳最佳水解酶。结果显示,碱性蛋白酶的水解物抗氧化活性最强。实验对碱性蛋白酶水解银鲳的酶解条件(时间、温度、pH、酶添加量和固液比)进行正交实验设计,并对最佳水解条件下所获得的酶解物进行抗氧化活性测试。结果表明,银鲳蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基具有清除作用,其自由基清除效果呈现剂量依赖性,而且银鲳蛋白水解物还具有明显还原能力。所有这些体外抗氧化数据说明,银鲳蛋白水解物有明显的抗氧化效力。     

乳清蛋白水解物抗氧化活性的研究

本实验主要研究了乳清蛋白的碱性蛋白酶水解产物在不同体系中的抗氧化活性。通过测定水解物对卵磷脂脂质氧化体系的硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)抑制作用、过氧化值(PV)的抑制作用、亚铁还原能力、金属离子螯合能力、DPPH 自由基清除能力,研究乳清多肽的抗氧化活性。结果表明,底物浓度为5%、蛋白酶量的添加量为2%、水解时间为5h 时乳清蛋白的水解物具有最强的抗氧化能力;碱性蛋白酶制备的乳清蛋白水解物的抗氧化能力与底物浓度、水解时间、溶解度等有关。     

不同酶水解菜籽蛋白的水解物的抗氧化活性研究

使用alcalase、protamex、flavourzyme、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶共6种蛋白酶水解菜籽蛋白,研究水解物清除DPPH自由基能力、还原能力和抑制亚油酸过氧化活性。结果表明,6种蛋白酶水解菜籽蛋白的水解物都具有抗氧化活性,但水解物的抗氧化活性与水解所用酶的种类和水解时间有关,胰蛋白酶和flavourzyme水解物显示了较强的清除DPPH自由基和还原能力,6种蛋白酶水解物抑制亚油酸过氧化活性高于VE,但略低于BHT。alcalase水解菜籽蛋白时,水解10~45 m in的水解物清除DPPH自由基和还原能力较强,延长水解时间并不能提高其抗氧化活性。     

酶底比对玉米蛋白水解物抗氧化活性的影响

为改善玉米蛋白的功能特性,开发其生理活性,采用复合蛋白酶(Protamex)和碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)对高底物浓度1:10(m/v)玉米蛋白进行协同水解,研究酶底比对蛋白水解物的DPPH自由基清除率、·OH清除活性、Fe2+螯合能力、还原力、水解度(DH)和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,在试验范围内,Protamex+Alcalase顺序协同水解玉米蛋白的最适酶底比为:2.0%+2.0%(w/w),此时玉米蛋白水解物的DPPH自由基清除率(82.01±0.62)%,·OH自由基的清除活性为(78.8±0.56)%,Fe2+螯合能力为(43.3±1.20)%,还原力为0.43±0.03,DH为(19.93±0.59)%,可溶性蛋白含量为(63.20±0.04)mg/m L;Alcalase+Protamex顺序协同水解玉米蛋白的最适酶底比为:0.5%+0.5%(w/w),此时玉米蛋白水解物的DPPH自由基清除率(84.99±0.20)%,·OH自由基的清除活性为(89.9±1.63)%,Fe2+螯合能力为(40.95±0.43)%,还原力为0.454±0.01,DH为(9.43±0.70)%,可溶性蛋白含量为(40.54±0.01)mg/m L。因此,酶底比显著影响了玉米蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性。     

大米蛋白酶水解物的抗氧化活性研究

利用Alcalase蛋白酶水解大米蛋白0.5-6 h.用pH-stat法测定其水解度,并在卵磷脂脂质氧化体系中.测定硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS),得出5 h的碱性蛋白水解产物具有较高的抗氧化活性.测定不同浓度下的大米蛋白水解产物(5 h)的还原能力和清除自由基能力,以及对大米蛋白水解物进行氨基酸分析.结果表明,随着酶解物浓度的增加,还原能力和清除DPPH能力也逐渐增大;而且证实这与蛋白水解后的结构以及水解产物中的短肽、氨基酸有关.     

蚕蛹多肽制备工艺及其体外抗氧化活性

采用碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶水解蚕蛹蛋白,以水解度和清除DPPH·能力为指标对酶解过程进行分析,并研究水解产物多肽的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶对蚕蛹蛋白具有较好的水解效果,其水解产物有较高抗氧化活性,对DPPH·、超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)和羟自由基(·OH)都具有较强的清除能力。     

Free radical scavenging activity of porcine plasma protein hydrolysates determined by electron spin resonance spectrometer

A study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant capacity of porcine plasma protein before and after enzymatic hydrolysis. Porcine plasma protein was hydrolyzed by using Alcalase with degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 0 to 17.8%. The free radical scavenging effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysates (PPH) were evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. The reducing power of PPH increased with increasing of DH (P < 0.05). The 5-h PPH exhibited the strongest inhibition of lipid oxidation, as indicated by lowest thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values in a liposome-oxidizing system, and the strongest free radical scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O₂-) radicals. The increase of protein concentration enhanced (P < 0.05) free radical scavenging effect of PPH. Although non-hydrolyzed plasma protein displayed an antioxidative effect, it was far less potent than PPH. The results indicated that the antioxidant capacity of porcine plasma protein could be enhanced by enzymatic hydrolysis of Alcalase.     

Effect of degree of hydrolysis on the antioxidant activity of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) protein hydrolysates

Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) proteins were hydrolysed by papain and Protamex, the antioxidant activity of loach protein hydrolysates (LPH) was investigated. The results demonstrated that extensive hydrolysis by papain and Protamex led to the browning of the hydrolysates. When the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was 23%, hydrolysates prepared by papain (HA) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. The maximum values of the hydroxyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and the reducing power were 56.1%, 95.5%, 2.80 mM and 1.46, respectively. The hydrolysates prepared by Protamex (HB) showed the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (55.0%) at DH 28%, DPPH radical scavenging activity (92.2%) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (2.81 mM) at DH 23%, and the reducing power (1.17) at DH 33%. At the same DH value, there were significant (p < 0.05) differences between HA and HB. Several antioxidant amino acid residues, especially Trp and His, contributed significantly to the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates. An increase of peptides with molecular weight below 500 Da was observed as the DH increased for all LPH. The above results indicated that DH and protease greatly influenced the molecular weight and amino acid residue composition of LPH, and further influenced the antioxidant activity.Industrial relevanceLoach has long been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many kinds of diseases. From our previous work, loach was determined to be a good source of protein (accounts for approximately 17% (w/w) of the body weight). In this work, loach proteins were hydrolyzed by papain and Protamex to specific extent. The effect of DH on the antioxidant activities of hydrolysates was investigated. The results indicated that loach protein hydrolysates were potent antioxidants which were significantly affected by DH. This research is helpful for extensive development of loach product.     

鲤鱼鱼肉蛋白酶水解物抗氧化性及功能特性

采用碱性蛋白酶对鲤鱼鱼肉蛋白进行酶解,制备不同水解度的水解物。测定水解物的抗氧化活性以及不同pH值条件下水解物的功能特性。结果表明:随着水解度的逐渐升高,水解物的抑制脂质氧化能力、D PP H自由基清除能力、还原能力以及金属离子(Cu2+和Fe2+)螯合能力逐渐增加(P<0.05);同时,水解物的溶解性、乳化性和起泡性都在pH值为4.0(等电点)时达到最低,而后溶解性和乳化性随着pH值升高而增大(P<0.05),而起泡性随着pH值的升高先上升后又下降。因此,鲤鱼鱼肉蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物可以提高蛋白质的抗氧化活性和溶解性,但是较高的水解度会在一定程度上降低其乳化性和起泡性。     

鳄鱼骨双酶酶解产物的功能特性及其抗氧化活性

为了全面了解酶解时间、蛋白酶种类对鳄鱼骨蛋白酶解产物抗氧化性和功能特性的影响,采用木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及双酶(先加入木瓜蛋白酶,后加入碱性蛋白酶)在各自最适条件下对其进行酶解,制备了不同水解度的酶解产物,并对其功能特性及抗氧化性进行分析。结果表明:随着酶解时间的延长,酶解产物的亚铁离子螯合能力和还原力均有所增强。在酶解0.25 h时,酶解产物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,随着酶解时间的延长,木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物清除DPPH自由基的能力不断下降,碱性蛋白酶先下降后上升,而双酶酶解产物则没有显著变化。在2～4 h内相同酶解时间下,与单酶酶解产物相比,双酶酶解产物具有较强的亚铁离子螯合能力、还原力及清除DPPH自由基的能力(P<0.05)。在酶解产物的功能性质方面,随着酶解时间的延长,双酶酶解产物较单一酶酶解产物具有更好的溶解性、热稳定性及乳化性。结果表明,双酶酶解较单一酶酶解得到的产物具有较强的抗氧化性。     

2种蛋白酶酶解曲拉干酪素条件优化及抗氧化性比较

以曲拉干酪素为原料、水解度为指标,在酶解时间、酶解温度、pH值、曲拉干酪素质量浓度、酶添加量单因素试验基础上,采用响应面试验对碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解工艺条件进行优化,并对2 种酶解液的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基清除率,Fe2＋、Cu2＋螯合能力和还原力等抗氧化性指标进行比较。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶分别在酶解时间3.8、2.5 h,酶解温度49.8、47.8 ℃,曲拉干酪素质量浓度60、35 g/L,pH 8.5、7.5,酶添加量140、2 900 U/g时水解度最大,为24.25%和13.57%。碱性蛋白酶解液超氧阴离子自由基清除率、Fe2＋螯合能力显著低于胰蛋白酶解液（P＜0.01）;羟自由基清除能力高于胰蛋白酶解液（P＞0.05）;2 种蛋白酶酶解液在酶解液质量浓度1～5 mg/mL时,Cu2＋螯合能力、DPPH自由基清除率和还原力随质量浓度均呈上升趋势,Cu2＋螯合能力低于Fe2＋螯合能力（P＞0.05）,DPPH自由基清除率和还原力二者差异显著（P＜0.01）。2 种蛋白酶对酶解物抗氧化性指标影响不同,碱性蛋白酶酶解物抗氧化性相对较优。     

Antioxidant activities and functional properties of tea seed protein hydrolysates (Camellia oleifera Abel.) influenced by the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis

Antioxidant activities and functional properties of tea seed protein hydrolysates (TSPH) prepared using alcalase with different (10, 20, 30 and 40%) values of the degree of hydrolysis (DH) were investigated. The effect of hydrolysis time on antioxidant activity was also investigated. As the hydrolysis time was extended, the DPPH radical scavenging activity increased and finally reached a plateau, the copper chelating capacity decreased, and the superoxide radical scavenging and iron chelating activities increased initially, then subsequently slowed. The solubility, foaming properties, and emulsification properties of TSPH were affected by pH and DH. As the DH value increased, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the reducing power increased and the copper chelating capacity decreased. TSPH at 20 and 30% DH values exhibited higher superoxide radical scavenging and stronger iron chelating activities respectively, than TSPH at other DH values. The DH value of TSPH affected the antioxidant activity and functional properties.     

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) protein hydrolysates

The enzymatic hydrolysis of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) protein isolate (BPI) by Alcalase and some physiochemical and antioxidant properties of the resulting hydrolysates were characterised. The hydrolysis resulted in remarkable decrease in the globulins or protein aggregates and concomitant increase in peptide fragments. The surface hydrophobicity of the hydrolysates decreased with increasing degree of hydrolysis (DH) and reached a minimum at DH 15%, but increased at further hydrolysis, whereas their amino acid compositions were unchanged. The polyphenol content of the hydrolysates gradually decreased with DH increasing from 0% to 15%, while it on the contrary increased upon further hydrolysis. The hydrolysates exhibited excellent antioxidant activities, including DPPH radical scavenging ability, reducing power and ability to inhibit linoleic acid peroxidation. The antioxidant activities of these hydrolysates were closely related to their polyphenol contents. The results indicated that polyphenol-rich buckwheat proteins are unique protein materials for the production of the hydrolysates with good nutritional and antioxidant properties.     

Antioxidant properties and protein compositions of porcine haemoglobin hydrolysates

Porcine haemoglobin hydrolysates were prepared through hydrolysis by Alcalase followed by Flavourzyme, and their protein compositions were analyzed using Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography. The antioxidant activities, including reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, of the hydrolysates were evaluated. The results showed that the hydrolysates of haemoglobin exhibited low reducing powers, but high ferrous ion chelating abilities and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The hydrolysate, obtained through hydrolysis by 2% Alcalase for 4 h and followed by 1% Flavourzyme for 6 h, had the highest ferrous ion chelating ability of 63.54% at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. The hydrolysate, obtained through hydrolysis by 2% Alcalase for 4 hrs, had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 41.94% at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. According to the results of protein composition analysis, we divided the hydrolysates into three groups, including high molecular weight (MW) group (Group I), medium MW group (Group II), and low MW group (Group III). The reducing power and ferrous ion chelating ability of the hydrolysates were significantly and positively correlated to the relative amount of Group I, and negatively correlated to the relative amount of Group III. This study revealed that the antioxidant activities of porcine haemoglobin hydrolysates were dependent on their protein compositions. The high MW protein fraction (Group I) was responsible for the high reducing power and ferrous ion chelating ability of the hydrolysate.