RESEARCH ON THE MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBER SUSPENSIONS IN A WEDGE-SHAPED FLOW

1.　INTRODUCTIONTheliquidorgasflowofsolidfibersuspensionsconcernssomediffcultproblemsinthetheoreticalresearchofmultiphaseflowandNon-Newtonianflow.Sotheresearchofithasgreattheoreticalvalues.Atthesametime,theapplicationoftheflowwithfibersuspensionsisveryextensive.Inmaterialsscience,compositematerialsarebeingpaidmoreandmoreattentiontoshort-fibermaterialarethemostcommononeinvariouscompositematerials.Themoldingandmachiningofshort-fibermaterialhavemuchtodowiththedynamiccharacteristicsoftheflow…     

SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN NATURAL FRACTURES BASED ON DIGITAL IMAGE TECHNOLOGY

A method of fracture boundary extraction was developed using the Gaussian template and Canny boundary detection on the basis of the collected digital images of natural fractures. The roughness and apertures of the fractures were briefly discussed from the point of view of digital image analysis. The extracted fractured image was translated into a lattice image which can be directly used in numerical simulation. The lattice Boltzmann and modified moment propagation mixed method was then applied to the simulation of solute transport in a natural single fracture, and this mixed method could take the advantages of the lattice Boltzmann method in dealing with complex physical boundaries. The obtained concentrations was fitted with the CXTFIT2.1 code and compared with the results obtained with the commercial software Feflow. The comparison indicates that the simulation using the mixed method is sound.     

RESEARCH ON THE CYLINDRICAL PARTICULATE FLOWS

The study of cylindrical particulate flows has wide industrial applicability and hence received much attention. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review on the motion of cylindrical particles in shear layer, converging channel and iet flows, the dynamic of cylindrical particles sedimentation in a Newtonian fluid, the characterization of turbulent cylindrical particulate flows, the property of interaction between the particles, the structural feature and rheology of suspensions, the analysis of hydrodynamic instability of cylindrical particle suspensions. Finally, the concluding remarks are given.     

FIBER ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTIONS IN SLIT CHANNEL FLOWS WITH ABRUPT EXPANSION FOR FIBER SUSPENSIONS

The lattice Boltzmann method was used to investigate numerically the fiber orientation distributions in slit channel flows with abrupt expansion for fiber suspensions even in the concentrated regime. The channels have a thin slit geometry with 1：4 and 1：3 expansions. Both the interactions between fibers and that between fibers and channel walls were taken into consideration. Some of numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with the experiment data. It is found that most of fibers are aligned in the flow direction in all the suspensions in the entrance region of the expansion. Fiber orientation distributions, having different patterns in different regions of the flow, depend on the expansion ratio of the channel. The mechanical fiber-fiber interaction largely affects the fiber orientation in the downstream of the expansion and in the salient corner for the cases of concentrated suspensions. The hydrodynamic interaction plays an important role on the fiber orientation in the dilute suspension.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GROUND EFFECT ON INSECT HOVERING

The ground effect on insect hovering is investigated using an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method to solve the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A virtual model of an elliptic foil with oscillating translation and rotation near a ground is used. The objective of this study is to deal with the ground effect on the unsteady forces and vortical structures and to get the physical insights in the relevant mechanisms. Two typical insect hovering modes, i.e., normal and dragonfly hovering mode, are examined. Systematic computations have been carried out for some parameters, and the ground effect on the unsteady forces and vortical structures is analyzed.     

嵌套边界的非均匀格子Boltzmann方法

基于区域分裂技术与非平衡态外推技巧，设计了一种嵌套边界的非均匀网格算法。该算法的基本思想是：将流体流动区域分解成若干个边界相互嵌套的子区域，在每个子区域内部的分布函数使用均匀网格的格子Boltzmann方法求解，区域边界的分布函数通过粗细网格转换与非平衡态外推获得。使用该方法对二维顶盖驱动方腔流动问题进行数值模拟，计算结果与其他方法的结果相吻合，表明该方法可行的、有效的，并且在高雷诺数(Re)下有较好的稳定性。     

HYDRODYNAMICS OF FRACTAL FLOCS DURING SETTLING

The settling and hydrodynamic properties of 3-D fractal flocs in quiescent water are investigated with a numerical model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), with considering the settling velocity, hydrodynamic drag force and infra-floc flow. The comparisons of floc settling velocities and effective densities indicate that the numerical results present good agreements with observations in field and at laboratory. The results show that the drag force FD increases with the floc size df according to the relationship FD∝df3. Moreover, the intra-floc flow field and movement of the pore water provide a better understanding of the intra-floc flow from the microscopic viewpoint. The results also indicate that the lattice Boltzmann method is a promising approach to reveal the mechanisms of the flocculation in aquatic environments.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of oscillating-grid turbulence

The lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the oscillating-grid turbulence directly with the aim to reproduce the experimental results obtained in laboratory. The numerical results compare relatively well with the experimental data through determining the spatial variation of the turbulence characteristics at a distance from the grid. It is shown that the turbulence produced is homogenous quasi-isotropic in case of the negligible mean flow and the absence of secondary circulations near the grid. The direct numerical simulation of the oscillating-grid turbulence based on the lattice Boltzmann method is validated and serves as the foundation for the direct simulation of particle-turbulence interactions.     

EFFECT OF NON-SPHERICAL PARTICLES ON THE FLUID TURBULENCE IN A PARTICULATE PIPE FLOW

In the non-spherical particulate turbulent flows,a set of new fluid fluctuating velocity equations with the nonspherical particle source term were derived, then a new method,which treats the slowly varying functions and rapidly varying functions separately, was proposed to solve the equations, and finally the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds stress of the fluid were obtained by calculating the fluctuating velocity statistically. The equations and method were used to a particulate turbulent pipe flow. The results show that the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds stress are decreased almost inverse proportionally to the fluctuating velocity ratio of particle to fluid. Nonspherical particles have a greater suppressing effect on the turbulence than the spherical particles. The particles with short relaxation time reduce the turbulence intensity of fluid, while the particles with long relaxation time increase the turbulence intensity of fluid. For fixed particle and fluid, the small particles suppress the turbulence and the large particles increase the turbulence.     

用格子Boltzmann方法模拟平板层流边界层流动

本文应用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了平板层流边界层流动。考虑到平板边界的影响，我们对模型进行了修正，在标准格子Boltzmann方程中引入压力修正项。该项满足一定的假定条件，从而消除了压缩性引起的偏差。作为算例，我们用修正的模型计算了平板层流边界层流动，并与经典的Blasius解及Lavallee的格子气自动机结果进行了比较，结果是可以接受的。     

LATTICE BOLTZMANN SCHEME TO SIMULATE TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUID TRANSIENTS

ＮＯＭＥＮＣＬＡＴＵＲＥｐα ———ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｐ(0 )α ———ｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｅα———ｌｏｃａｌｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｔｒｅａｍｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｒ———ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｇｒｉｄｎｏｄｅδｔ ———ｔｉｍｅｉｎｃｒｅｍｅｎｔτ———ｔｈｅＢＧＫｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒα———ｉｎｄｅｘｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｔｒｅａｍｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｂ———ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐａ…     

用格子Boltzmann方法模拟涌波的反射与绕射

本文应用格子Boltzmann模型建立离散动力学模型,并利用Chapman Enskog对模型的方程组进行展开,建立了模拟二维浅水动力学的方程组。在从理论上证明了它严格地满足质量和动量的基本守恒定律的基础上,应用所建立的模型进行数值试验,模拟了溃坝涌波现象及其与固壁和建筑物的相互作用。利用这一模型计算了溃坝波与水中方柱和圆柱的相互作用,以及明渠内的涌波的反射和绕射复杂流场。该模型具有显式的表达形式,易于编程应用;粒子运动是彼此独立的,适合于并行数值计算;边界条件易于处理;易于处理多相流动微观机制等优点。     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SECONDARY NORMAL STRESS DIFFERENCE OF VISCOELASTIC FLUID ON ECCENTRIC CAPSULE FLOW

ＴＨＥＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＴＨＥＳＥＣＯＮＤＡＲＹＮＯＲＭＡＬＳＴＲＥＳＳＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＯＦＶＩＳＣＯＥＬＡＳＴＩＣＦＬＵＩＤＯＮＥＣＣＥＮＴＲＩＣＣＡＰＳＵＬＥＦＬＯＷ￥ＰａｎＤａ－ｌｉｎ（ＧｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆｏｆＴｅｃ...     

用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟二维水力过渡过程

本文旨在探索用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟二维水力过渡过程的可行性。应用Chapman Enskog展开技术，导出了一套多尺度方程，将LB方程和其所对应的宏观方程联系起来；根据水力过渡过程基本方程的特点，建立了计算二维水力过渡过程的一个LB模型；应用该模型对一维正弦波的传播、一维断波的传播与反射、二维拐角衍射波等典型算例，以及近似为二维问题的混凝土蜗壳在机组甩负荷和起动工况下的水力过渡过程进行了模拟分析。研究表明用LB方法模拟多维水力过渡过程是可行的，值得进一步探讨。     

基于改进FV-LBM的多孔介质渗流模拟

提出了一种新的基于Brimman -Forchheimer方程的多孔介质流动格子Boltzmann法的有限体积形式（FV-LBM）。在该方法中,多孔介质效应通过将外力引入格子Boltzmann方程中,并通过以单元为中心的有限体积法求解,同时将权重的校正因子引入进来以提高数值计算的稳定性。用该方法验证了完全多孔Poiseuille流和Couette流,数值计算结果与理论解吻合较好。而且还用该方法模拟了具有均匀和非均匀孔隙度的裂隙-孔隙模型,结果表明：当达西数增加时,多孔层中的速度增加;而当裂隙区域的速度峰值减小时,速度轮廓接近抛物线。研究成果为多孔介质渗流模拟提供了有效途径。     

SIMULATION OF THE TWO PHASE FLOW OF DROPLET IMPINGEMENT ON LIQUID FILM BY THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

A Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with two-distribution functions is employed for simulating the two-phase flow induced by a liquid droplet impinging onto the film of the same liquid on solid surface.The model is suitable for solution of twophase flow problem at high density and viscosity ratios of liquid to vapor and phase transition between liquid and its vapor.The roles of the vapor flow,the density ratio of liquid to vapor and the surface tension of the droplet in the splashing formation are discussed.It is concluded that the vapour flow induced by the droplet fall and splash in the whole impinging process may affect remarkably the splash behaviour.For the case of large density ratio of liquid to vapor a crown may engender after the droplet collides with the film.However,for the case of small density ratio of liquid to vapor a "bell" like splash may be observed.     

A LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODELING FOR THE WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT IN A LINEAR WIND-DRIVEN QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL

1 .　INTRODUCTIONLatticeBoltzmannMethod (LBM )isanewnumericalmethodforcomputationalfluid (ChenandDoolen 1998) ,whichisdevelopedfromLat ticeGasCellularAutomaton (LGCA )inthelate80satlastcentury .LBMusesthecontinuousdistri butionfunctiontoreplacetheBooleanvariablesusedinLGCA .Asaresult ,LBMovercomesmanyshortcomingsofitsancestor ,suchasnoise ,notconformingtoGalileoinvarianceetc .HeandLuo(1997)developedLBMasaself containedsystemconstructedtheamodelwithoutconnectiontoLGCA .LBMha…     

STUDY ON THE ANGLE OF REPOSE OF NONUNIFORM SEDIMENT

A conception of exposure degree is used in this article to account for the hiding and exposure mechanism of nonuniform sediment transport. The force arms of particles on the bed slope are assumed to be a function of the exposure degree, which is stochastically related to the size and gradation of bed materials. Based on this conception, the formula for the angle of repose of nonuniform sediment is developed. The angle of repose of nonuniform sediment is experimentally investigated in rotation drum at the rolling motion of sediment particles. The nonuniform sediment is gotten from the mixture of two kinds of uniform sediment with different weight ratios and two experimental plans that one for changing the weight ratio of two kinds of uniform sediment from 1:9 to 9:1 and the other changing the uniform sediment size and weight ratio are used. The effect of the rotation speed and the filling degree on the angle of repose is investigated, too. Finally, the formula has been tested against a wide range of laboratory data, the prediction by the newly proposed formulas is very good.     

EFFECT OF SOLID PARTICLES ON STABILITY FLOW IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER ON A FLAT PLATE

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＳＯＬＩＤＰＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＳＯＮＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＦＬＯＷＩＮＴＨＥＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＬＡＹＥＲＯＮＡＦＬＡＴＰＬＡＴＥ￥ＬｉｎＪｉａｎ－ｚｈｏｎｇ；ＺｈｏｕＺｅ－ｘｕａｎＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａ...     

RESEARCH ON MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS-SOLID JET FLOW

l.INThoDUCT1ONTheresearchontwo-phasejetflowisbecomingahotspotofjetflowresearchinrecentyears.Therapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnologyhasmadeitpossibletosimulatetwo-phasejetflow,whichisofessentialimPortanceinvariousengineeringapplications.Forin-stanceitisausualproceduretospoutparticlesintoreactororcombustorinengineering.Theeffectofflowonparticlesdeterminestheparticledistributionandthepresenceofparticleshaveeffectonjetflowinturn.Therefore,theinvestigationontheparticledistributionandtheflowchar…