氧化淀粉/卡拉胶复合膜制备与性能研究

利用木薯氧化淀粉为成膜主要材料,添加增塑剂山梨醇和增强剂卡拉胶,制备了一种新型可降解淀粉膜。研究了膜组分卡拉胶和山梨醇对复合膜的抗拉强度、伸长率、透光率、接触角和透氧系数的影响。分析结果表明:当m(氧化淀粉)∶m(山梨醇)∶m(卡拉胶)=10∶3∶1时复合膜的性能较佳,拉伸强度7.4MPa,断裂伸长率为28.1%,透光率为83.5%,接触角65.5°,透氧系数1.9cm~2/(s·Pa)。     

芒果核淀粉基膜的性能分析

目的 制备以芒果核淀粉为基质的淀粉膜,分析淀粉膜性能,为生物可降解包装材料的应用提供一定的理论指导和数据参考。方法 制备不同甘油、羧甲基纤维素和没食子酸浓度的淀粉膜,利用现代分析仪器分析膜的力学性能、水蒸气透过系数、抗氧化活性及热稳定性,并探究膜的最佳性能参数。结果 当甘油质量分数为30%、羧甲基纤维素质量分数为45%、没食子酸质量分数为4%时,膜的抗拉伸强度为25.28MPa,断裂伸长率为11.66%,水蒸气透过系数为0.14g·mm/(m2·h·kPa),抗氧化活性为75.93%。结论 芒果核淀粉能与添加的助剂形成有效交联,一定程度上增强了淀粉膜的力学性能和抗氧化活性,降低了水蒸气透过系数,并提高了膜的热稳定性。     

甘油对壳聚糖-淀粉复合可食性膜力学性能的影响

目的以壳聚糖-淀粉复合膜为研究对象,加入不同质量分数的甘油作为增塑剂,研究甘油对复合膜性能产生的影响。方法将壳聚糖溶液和玉米淀粉溶液以6∶4的体积比混合,再添加一定量甘油,流延成膜,利用万能试验机测定膜的力学性能,用扫描电镜观察膜的形貌特征,并对膜进行红外扫描和X-衍射分析。结果甘油与淀粉壳聚糖具有良好的相容性,当甘油质量分数为35%～55%时,随着甘油含量的增加,膜的抗拉强度下降,断裂伸长率增加,抗拉强度最高可达33.57 MPa,断裂伸长率最高可达80.39%。结论甘油作为一种增塑剂,能够改善膜的力学性能,为可食性膜的广泛应用提供了可能性。     

单糖对玉米淀粉基复合膜性能的影响

目的研究D-果糖和葡萄糖作为增塑剂对玉米淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响。方法糊化后的玉米淀粉溶液与壳聚糖溶液混合,分别添加5%,20%,35%,50%,65%(质量分数)的D-果糖及葡萄糖,均质后流延成膜;测定膜的力学性能,并通过扫描电镜、接触角、傅里叶红外扫描和X-衍射对复合膜相关特性进行表征。结果成膜物质之间相容性好,增塑剂用量由5%增加至65%,膜的厚度增加,经D-果糖和葡萄糖增塑的复合膜抗拉强度分别由73.99,70.88 MPa减至18.08,40.53 MPa。经D-果糖增塑的复合膜断裂伸长率呈递增趋势,在添加量为65%时达到19.03%,经葡萄糖增塑的复合膜呈现递减趋势。结论同一含量下,2种复合膜的厚度相近,抗拉强度相差不大,但经D-果糖增塑的复合膜断裂伸长率高,亲水性较好,更适合作为增塑剂应用在复合膜的制备中。     

层状双金属氢氧化物/聚乙烯醇气体阻隔薄膜材料制备及性能研究

目的 研发出一种具有优异氧气阻隔性能的柔性薄膜,其在食品包装领域具有良好的应用前景。方法 以具有生物降解性能的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基材,镁铝层状双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDH)为改性剂,柠檬酸为交联剂,采用流延法制备出具有优异气体阻隔性能的PVA/MgAl-LDH复合薄膜。结果 随着柠檬酸的含量的增加,复合薄膜的亲水性能逐渐增加,阻隔性能逐渐下降;随着复合薄膜中MgAl-LDH的含量的增加,复合薄膜的疏水性能和阻隔性能逐渐提高。当复合薄膜中MgAl-LDH的质量分数为1.5%时,薄膜的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为42 MPa,断裂伸长率为16.7%,此MgAl-LDH质量分数下薄膜的气体阻隔性能也最优异,气体透过量为16mL/(m²·24h·0.1MPa)。结论 柠檬酸的引入增加了薄膜内部亲水基团的数量,提升了复合薄膜的亲水性能。MgAl-LDH可以减少PVA薄膜内部自由体积,提升PVA薄膜的力学性能和阻隔性能。     

微晶纤维素改性对聚乙烯醇薄膜性能的影响

目的研究不同添加量的微晶纤维素(MCC)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜性能的影响。方法通过共混溶液流延法制备得到MCC质量分数不同(0%,1%,2%,3%,4%)的PVA薄膜,测定分析MCC含量不同对PVA薄膜的颜色、光学性能、力学性能、阻隔性能、热稳定性和表面微观形态的影响。结果随着MCC含量的增加,PVA薄膜的透光率和断裂伸长率显著降低,雾度和抗拉强度显著增加,与纯PVA薄膜相比,MCC质量分数为4%的PVA薄膜的抗拉强度增加了64.8%,断裂伸长率降低了14.7%,水蒸气透过系数显著降低。当MCC质量分数从0%增加到3%时,薄膜的氧气透过系数由2.145×10~(-16) cm~3·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa)降低到1.393×10~(-16) cm~3·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa),但当MCC质量分数为4%时,薄膜的氧气透过系数略有增加。MCC的加入使得薄膜的热稳定性提高,初始分解温度略有升高,当MCC质量分数为4%时,薄膜表面和横截断面局部区域可以观察到少量的大颗粒出现团聚现象。结论 MCC的加入提高了PVA薄膜的力学性能、疏水性、阻隔性、热稳定性,控制好其加入量可以有效改善PVA薄膜的性能。     

大豆分离蛋白与明胶蛋白复合膜的制备与性能研究

以大豆分离蛋白为基质,添加明胶蛋白,用溶液铸膜法制备复合膜.研究了成膜液的溶液性能;复合膜的各种性能,包括表观性能、力学性能、阻隔性能.通过扫描电子显微镜观察了膜的微观结构.结果表明,当明胶含量为30%(质量分数)左右,两种蛋白的相容性最佳,复合膜的各项性能达到较佳值,拉伸强度达到31.59MPa,断裂伸长率达到65.96%,并且对氧气和水都有良好的阻隔性.     

乳清蛋白添加量对交联羧甲基玉米淀粉可食膜阻隔性能的影响

以交联羧甲基玉米淀粉(CCMS)为原料,辅以增强剂、增塑剂、脱泡剂及脱膜剂等,通过流延方法制备了交联羧甲基玉米淀粉/乳清蛋白可食性复合包装膜。实验考察了乳清蛋白粉的添加量对交联羧甲基玉米淀粉可食性膜阻隔性能的影响。结果表明:乳清蛋白添加量为15%(质量分数)时,可食性复合膜的阻隔性最好,其透氧系数为0.312×10-15cm3.cm/(m2.s.Pa),水蒸气透过系数为2.89 g.mm/(m2.d.kPa),吸水稳定性好。     

PET/PP药品包装用复合膜高阻隔性能研究

研究了聚酯PET/聚丙烯PP药品包装用复合膜的高阻隔性能,其氧气透过量最低可达0.7cm3/(m2·24h·0.1MPa),水蒸气透过量最低可达1.0g/(m2·24h),通过不同材料阻隔性能的对比及对复合膜红外分析,得出胶粘剂种类和其致密的粘合层结构,可能是材料拥有高阻隔性能的主要原因。     

交联羧甲基玉米淀粉／PVA复合膜制备工艺的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用先醚化后交联改性工艺合成了交联羧甲基玉米淀粉(CCMS).通过改性淀粉与聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液共混反应,并辅以增塑剂、增强荆、交联剂及疏水化改性剂等加工助荆制备了性能优异的CCMS/PvA复合膜.研究了复合膜制备过程中的影响因素及其对薄膜耐水性能、透光性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,当交联羧甲基玉米淀粉与PVA的质量比为7:3,甘油用量为10%(质量分数),复合交联剂用量3.3%(质量分数),疏水化改性荆聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷树脂(PPE)用量为1.5%(质量分数),溶液pH为10,反应温度88℃,反应时间35min时,淀粉膜的拉伸强度为40.5MPa,断裂伸长率为311%,透光率为82%,吸水率最小为3.6%(质量分数).     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.