基于ADAMS的飞机表面清洗臂动力学仿真与分析（英文）

针对五自由度的飞机表面清洗机械臂,利用Lagrange方程建立了清洗臂的动力学模型,采用Solidworks建立了该清洗臂的实体模型,将其导入到动力学分析软件Adams中生成了虚拟样机,并进行了动力学仿真与分析,由此得出各关节转角和关节力矩的关系曲线,确定了关节所需的输入力矩。这为机械臂的控制、关节驱动形式的确定提供了可靠依据。     

非线性权重粒子群算法的机械臂动力学参数辨识北大核心

对机械臂的动力学模型进行了研究,提出了一种六关节串联机械臂动力学参数辨识方法。首先,基于牛顿欧拉法建立模型,通过关节类型将动力学参数组合,确定待辨识的最小惯性参数集;其次,将傅里叶级数作为激励轨迹,采用一种非线性权重粒子群算法对其系数进行寻优,并设置惩罚函数来剔除不满足条件的粒子;最后,设计测试轨迹来进行力矩验证。仿真结果表明,非线性权重的粒子群算法仿真时间短,适应度值较优,明显地加快了收敛速度。在测试轨迹中,估算力矩与实际力矩基本吻合,其力矩差值在误差允许范围内。     

基于蒙特卡洛法的七自由度拟人机械臂工作空间分析

应用D-H法对七自由度拟人机械臂建立关节坐标系并确定杆系参数,建立机械臂运动学模型,应用齐次变换法推导出机械臂末端执行器的位姿。根据机械臂关节空间到工作空间的映射关系,提出采用蒙特卡洛法分析该机械臂的工作空间,得出机械臂工作空间的云图。为后续的机械人轨迹规划、动力学分析、运动控制和参数优化提供了参考依据。     

基于ADAMS的重载液压机械臂动力学建模与仿真

针对七自由度重载液压机械臂,建立精确、高效的重载液压机械臂系统逆动力学模型。利用牛顿-欧拉递推法、Spong柔性关节模型和Stribeck摩擦模型建立机械臂动力学模型;利用Creo完成机械臂三维模型搭建并导入ADAMS分析计算。与试验结果对比,确定系数均大于0.6,与无摩擦纯刚体模型计算结果相比有明显提升,验证了建模方法的准确性。     

考虑柔性关节的刚柔耦合机械臂的优化设计

为了提高刚柔耦合机械臂的运动精度,抑制由柔性关节引起的振动。根据"线性扭簧模型"和有限元法,推导出机械臂柔性关节和杆件的动力学模型,找寻刚柔耦合机械臂关节阻尼参数与末端振动位移的关系。确定关节阻尼取值范围并将其作为设计变量,设计目标为机械臂的末端振幅,进行优化。使用ADAMS对已建立关节阻尼优化设计模型的刚柔耦合机械臂进行优化设计,得到最小振幅时最优阻尼。对比并分析机械臂高速和低速两种工况下的结果,并对机械臂进行附加强迫振动分析。验证了柔性关节对高速和低速机械臂末端运动精度均有不可忽略的影响,为带有柔性关节机械臂抑制振动,提高精度提供理论依据。     

考虑关节间隙的空间机械臂臂杆振动特性研究

基于ADAMS动力学仿真软件,建立含间隙关节空间机械臂的动力学仿真模型,改变关节间隙尺寸和刚度系数等相关参数,获取不同关节间隙尺寸下的空间机械臂动力学响应;通过搭建含间隙关节的空间机械臂实验台,采用改变臂杆端盖孔径的方法改变关节间隙尺寸,分析不同关节间隙尺寸下的空间机械臂臂杆的输出振动特性。仿真与实验结果表明:臂杆末端的加速度和关节的接触碰撞力会随着空间机械臂关节间隙的增大而逐渐增大,但增幅会逐渐减小;空间机械臂关节间隙的增大还会导致关节内碰撞加剧,引起更大的能量损失。这可为提高含间隙空间机械臂的控制精度提供参考。     

六自由度机械臂运动学及工作空间分析

建立了一种用于危险作业条件下的六自由度机械臂模型,根据D-H方法建立了其数学模型,并进行正向运动学分析,通过计算和仿真,验证了所建运动学方程的正确性。通过采用蒙特卡洛法分析该机械臂的工作空间,利用Matlab对机械臂工作域进行求解,给出了机械臂末端的工作空间点云图。通过机械臂运动过程中基座的受力分析,结果表明:末端执行器移动速度越快,基座承受的力矩越大;各个关节角速度和末端执行器移动速度对力矩曲线的平稳性影响明显,且基本成正比;在末端执行器位移方向改变处,基座所受力矩最大。     

工业机械臂动力学模型简化分析与仿真

针对工业机械臂进行动力学分析的常用方法是利用Lagrange方程进行动力学建模后再实行仿真计算。利用Pieper准则,将五自由度工业机械臂动力学方程展开式简化,即将腕部与手抓部的关节视为外部干扰,只针对前三关节进行动力学分析;提出一种针对简化后的模型利用开源引擎ODE完成机械臂动力学计算;在建立的机械臂三维仿真平台上利用ODE进行仿真的方法。仿真结果表明:该仿真方法不仅可实现机械臂的实时控制,还能得到机械臂动力学参数曲线图。为解决机械臂动力学仿真中效率低和实时性差的问题提供了理论依据。     

基于SimMechanics的六自由度机械臂仿真研究

运动学和动力学分析对机械臂的研究具有很重要的作用。以往对机械臂的研究方法均需要建立复杂的数学模型和程序,而Sim Mechanics具有简单、快捷获取动态系统的模型的功能,并且系统建模方便直观,仿真功能强大,可以在模型中通过改变结构,优化系统参数,在仿真环境中分析结果。利用Sim Mechanics的上述优点,以工业六自由度机械臂ER10为研究对象,将SolidWorks建立好的机械臂ER10模型导入到MATLAB/SimMechanics仿真平台中,生成对应的仿真模型,并且在运动仿真平台中,通过在机械臂模型添加末端位姿信号和各个关节信号(角度函数,力矩值),全面地对机械臂进行运动学和动力学分析。     

卫生陶瓷施釉机器人动力学分析

为了提高卫生陶瓷机器人系统的稳定性,采用牛顿-欧拉方法建立了6自由度施釉机器人动力学模型,研究了终端效应器载荷变化对各关节力矩的影响。仿真结果表明:终端效应器载荷大小和方向的变化,对腰部、肩部和肘部3个关节的力矩影响很小,其力矩主要由机器人本身结构决定;终端效应器载荷大小和方向的变化对腕部3个关节的力矩影响较大,当载荷方向与操作臂重力方向相反时关节力矩变小。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.