淀粉和鱼糜品质对鱼糜凝胶性质的影响

本文探讨了糯玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和变性淀粉对不同品质鱼糜凝胶形成能力的影响。结果发现,添加糯玉米淀粉后鱼糜制品的破断强度从266.57 g下降至175.00 g,硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性也发生下降,而添加马铃薯淀粉可以使鱼糜制品的破断强度和部分质构得到显著提高。另一方面,冻融变性鱼糜制备的产品其破断强度、硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性出现下降,添加马铃薯淀粉能提高其产品的凝胶性质。不论鱼糜是否发生冻融变性,添加三种淀粉后鱼糜制品的持水力和蒸煮时的吸水率都显著提高,但鱼糜制品的色泽变差。根据SDS-PAGE结果,可以发现添加糯玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和变性淀粉都不会影响鱼糜蛋白之间的交联。SEM结果表明添加马铃薯淀粉可以使鱼糜凝胶网络结构变得更加致密有序,从而增强鱼糜制品的凝胶强度。以上结果表明,马铃薯淀粉比糯玉米淀粉和变性淀粉更适合作为鱼糜制品的辅料和添加剂。     

淀粉和蛋白类添加物对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

通过分析凝胶强度、白度、持水性等指标,研究淀粉类和非肌肉蛋白类添加剂对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,红薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉均可提高鱿鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度,分别提高了49.08%,20.77%,26.46%,30.16%;4种淀粉均可提高持水性,其中红薯淀粉效果较好,为79.10%;添加淀粉后虽会导致白度有不同程度的降低,但差异不显著。非肌肉蛋白的添加使鱿鱼鱼糜组织结构更加紧密;除乳清蛋白外,大豆分离蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白和蛋清蛋白均可提高鱿鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度,分别提高了39.03%,29.30%,35.82%。综合指标分析表明淀粉类及大部分蛋白质类添加物可以改善鱿鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性。     

紫菜粉添加对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶特性及其蛋白结构的影响

为改善秘鲁鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶品质,分析紫菜粉添加量对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶感官评分、色泽、凝胶强度、持水性、微观结构及其肌原纤维蛋白组成和二级结构的影响,探究紫菜粉改善鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的机理.结果表明:紫菜粉对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶白度影响显著,添加后鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶色泽偏黄绿色;随着紫菜粉添加量的增加,鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶强度和持水性显著增加,并在添加量...     

淀粉对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

探讨了不同种类的淀粉(玉米淀粉、糯玉米淀粉、羟丙基淀粉和交联淀粉)对罗非鱼鱼糜制品凝胶性能、弹性、持水力,色泽以及感官的影响.结果发现:在添加量5%时,四种淀粉均可改善罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶性能,但随着添加量的增加则会降低其凝胶性能.较高添加量时(5%),交联淀粉对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶性能影响效果最好.四种淀粉都可以不同程度的提高罗非鱼鱼糜的白度和持水力.对添加5%的四种淀粉的罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶进行感官评价,发现添加交联淀粉后的罗非鱼鱼糜的感官得分最高.     

山药添加量对鲢鱼鱼糜制品品质的影响

鱼糜中添加山药,不仅可以丰富制品的营养,降低生产成本,还可以替代淀粉增强鱼糜制品的凝胶强度。对不同山药添加量的鲢鱼鱼糜制品凝胶强度、白度、折叠性、持水性进行实验,结果表明：用山药代替马铃薯淀粉,其添加量为15%～20% 时有利于制品品质的改善;山药鲢鱼鱼糜中添加2%～4% 的马铃薯淀粉其品质得到进一步提高,其中2% 马铃薯淀粉与15% 山药或4% 马铃薯淀粉与10% 山药配合使用效果最好。     

淀粉对高温杀菌鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为提高杀菌鱼糜制品的品质,本文研究了添加不同浓度的木薯原淀粉和四种变性淀粉(羟丙基化二淀粉磷酸酯,乙酰化二淀粉己二酸酯,磷酸交联淀粉,羟丙基化淀粉)对120℃高温杀菌鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。通过测定分别添加5%,10%和20%淀粉后复合鱼糜凝胶的破断力,破断距离,凝胶强度,白度,持水率,曲折实验和扫描电镜等指标,研究不同淀粉对杀菌鱼糜凝胶质构性,色泽和持水能力的影响。结果表明各种淀粉适宜的添加量均为10%。在各种淀粉添加剂中,木薯羟丙基化二淀粉磷酸酯和木薯乙酰化二淀粉己二酸酯对高温杀菌后鱼糜凝胶的破断力,凹陷距离的改善效果最好,能显著增强鱼糜的凝胶强度(p0.05)。添加淀粉均会改善鱼糜凝胶的白度,使白度增加。添加木薯原淀粉,木薯乙酰化二淀粉己二酸酯和木薯羟丙基化二淀粉磷酸酯可不同程度提高鱼糜的持水力。     

豆类淀粉对鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

本文研究了豌豆淀粉、绿豆淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。分析了添加不同含量淀粉时,鲢鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度、持水性、蒸煮损失、横向弛豫时间(T2)和微观结构的变化规律。结果表明,添加8%,10%的马铃薯淀粉或绿豆淀粉均可以显著增加鲢鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度、持水性,同时明显降低蒸煮损失。低场核磁共振显示,淀粉对鱼糜凝胶的横向弛豫时间T21和T22影响较小,对T23和T24的影响较大,尤其添加10%的马铃薯淀粉或绿豆淀粉均可以显著降低凝胶的T23和T24,减弱凝胶中不易移动水的流动性。与马铃薯淀粉和绿豆淀粉相比,豌豆淀粉在添加量为4%时便可以显著增强鱼糜制品的凝胶强度和持水性,同时明显降低其蒸煮损失、横向弛豫时间T23和T24。添加马铃薯淀粉(10%)、绿豆淀粉(10%)或者豌豆淀粉(4%)后的鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶均可以形成相当均匀、致密的空间凝胶网络结构。     

添加剂对羊栖菜-鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

摘要：鱼糜制品生产过程中加入羊栖菜可得到新型鱼糜制品。以白鲢鱼糜为原料,研究了羊栖菜浆液添加量对鱼糜凝胶性的影响,并进一步研究大豆分离蛋白、玉米淀粉及κ-卡拉胶对羊栖菜-鱼糜复合凝胶的凝胶强度及持水性的影响。结果表明,羊栖菜浆液添加量为20%时所得鱼糜凝胶强度最大,但持水性较差。与对照组相比,添加4%大豆分离蛋白、10%玉米淀粉及0.75% κ-卡拉胶时,所制得的羊栖菜-白鲢鱼复合鱼糜的凝胶强度分别提高13%、5%和16%,持水性分别提高9%、10%和8%。具有较高凝胶强度及持水性,具有较好的凝胶品质。     

变性淀粉对白鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶特性和蛋白构象的影响

为了研究原木薯淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯和醋酸酯淀粉对白鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶特性和蛋白构象的影响,分析不同淀粉添加量条件下,白鲢鱼鱼糜白度、凝胶强度、持水性、质构特性、储能模量(G')、化学作用力、蛋白二级结构和微观结构的变化规律。结果表明,添加淀粉可以显著提高鱼糜凝胶的持水性。当其添加量为1%时,可提高鱼糜凝胶的白度、凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼度,且羟丙基淀粉的改善效果最佳。流变学特性表明淀粉在鱼糜制品中起到非活性填料的作用。添加少量淀粉可阻碍氢键的形成,促进疏水相互作用及离子键的形成,诱导鱼糜蛋白的构象由α-螺旋结构向β-折叠结构转变。4种淀粉添加量为1%时均可以得到更为致密的鱼糜凝胶网络结构,其中,添加羟丙基淀粉可以使鱼糜凝胶网络中孔洞的大小、分布更均匀。添加1%的羟丙基淀粉可用于改善白鲢鱼鱼糜的凝胶品质。     

甜橙油与马铃薯淀粉复配对鱼糜制品品质的影响

为研究甜橙油与马铃薯淀粉复配对鱼糜制品品质的影响，分别以0,0.2,0.4,0.6 mL/100 g的甜橙油（按鱼糜质量计算）与马铃薯淀粉复配加入鱼糜中制成凝胶，对其凝胶强度、质构特性、持水性、色度、化学作用力进行分析，并用电子鼻、电子舌和感官评分进行感官品质研究。结果显示，0.4 mL/100 g的甜橙油与马铃薯淀粉复配制得的鱼糜凝胶具有最佳的凝胶强度与持水性，同时具有最高的白度值；甜橙油添加量为0.6 mL/100 g时凝胶性能次之。甜橙油与马铃薯淀粉复配对鱼糜制品的气味与滋味产生明显影响（P <0.05），并可降低酸味与增加甜味。综合分析表明0.4 mL/100 g的甜橙油与马铃薯淀粉复配可提高鱼糜凝胶整体品质，感官评分总分最高具有较好的可接受性。     

玉米淀粉和红薯淀粉对草鱼鱼糜凝胶性质的影响

以草鱼鱼糜凝胶为研究对象,从凝胶质地特性(破断强度、凹陷度、压缩功、凝胶强度)和凝胶析水率2方面研究了添加玉米淀粉和红薯淀粉对草鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,结果表明:添加玉米淀粉和红薯淀粉均可改善草鱼鱼糜凝胶的质构性质,2种淀粉的适宜添加量分别为10.8%和7.2%;2种淀粉对草鱼鱼糜凝胶性质的改善作用大小不同,在各自的适宜添加量条件下,红薯淀粉对草鱼鱼糜凝胶性质的改善效果比玉米淀粉更明显。     

不同淀粉种类对未漂洗革胡子鲶鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为研究淀粉种类对未经漂洗处理革胡子鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus,CG）鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,在未经漂洗的CG鱼糜（含2.2%食盐、0.4%转谷氨酰胺酶、20 mmol/kg CaCl2、0.2%浓缩乳清蛋白）中分别添加占鱼糜湿质量6%的木薯变性淀粉（modified cassava starch, MCS）、玉米淀粉（corn starch,CS）、绿豆淀粉（mung bean starch,MBS）及红薯淀粉（sweet potato starch,SPS）,以不添加淀粉的样品为对照组（CK）,5 组样品均通过两段式加热方式制备鱼糜凝胶,分别测定各组CG鱼糜凝胶的凝胶特性、白度、持水性、动态流变学性质和水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：与对照组相比,4 种淀粉的添加均会使CG鱼糜凝胶的持水性增强,但对CG鱼糜凝胶中水分变化的影响不同,其中添加MCS的CG鱼糜凝胶持水性最好,结合水相对含量最高（P21为3.67%）（P＜0.05）;4 种淀粉的添加均显著降低了CG鱼糜凝胶的白度（P＜0.05）,均能提高CG鱼糜的凝胶破断力（P＜0.05）,其中MBS组CG鱼糜凝胶破断力（567.55 g）和凝胶强度（4 739.81 g·mm）最大（P＜0.05）;动态流变特性测定结果表明,4 种淀粉的添加均会增加CG鱼糜的储能模量（G’）和损耗模量（G’’）（P＜0.05）,对G’和G’’的影响从大到小顺序依次均为MCS＞CS＞MBS＞SPS。综合各项指标得出,添加6% MCS最有利于提高未经漂洗处理CG鱼糜的凝胶特性和持水性。     

β-环糊精、单甘酯和黄原胶在鸡肉糜中的抗淀粉老化特性

利用流变仪研究了β-环糊精、单甘酯和黄原胶这3种淀粉抗老化剂在鸡肉糜中的抗老化特性。单因素试验结果表明:添加质量分数为0.2%β-环糊精抑制淀粉在肉糜中的老化作用效果较好;随着单甘酯和黄原胶质量分数增加,鸡肉糜抗淀粉老化的能力均逐渐提高。正交试验结果表明:当β-环糊精质量分数0.15%、单甘酯质量分数0.15%和黄原胶质量分数1.5%时,鸡肉糜抗老化效果最好。影响淀粉老化的因素顺序为黄原胶、单甘酯和β-环糊精。     

The effect of sodium tartrate and sodium citrate on quality changes of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

The yield of squid has grown gradually; however, the lack of intensive processing has led to the slow development of the squid industry. In a previous study, some organic salts were found to improve the quality of squid surimi gel. Therefore, this research focused on the effects of sodium citrate (SC) and sodium tartrate (ST) on the quality of squid surimi gel. Physical measurements, such as gel texture, water-holding capacity, and color of squid surimi gel, were conducted. The addition of 2.5% SC and ST significantly improved the gel strength by 40.7, 57.0, 22.9, and 58.1%, respectively, of gel strength compared with the addition of: 1.5 SC, 3.5 SC, 1.5 ST, and 3.5% ST alone. Rheological measurements revealed that the addition of 2.5% SC or ST shortened the gel degradation temperature range (i.e., 2.5% SC or ST: 40–53°C; other treatments: 40–60°C) of the squid paste during heating. Results of chemical force analysis showed that the addition of a high quantity of salt accelerated protein aggregation and reduced hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bond formation. Finally, an increase in the number of β-sheets and a decrease in the bulk water content demonstrated that the addition of 2.5% organic salt could form squid gel with a better network structure. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of high-quality squid surimi gel.     

不同种类淀粉对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

为了改善淡水鱼鱼糜制品的品质,以冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜为原料,分别添加4%木薯原淀粉、3种木薯变性淀粉（磷酸酯淀粉、羟丙基淀粉和乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯）及复配木薯变性淀粉（乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯与羟丙基淀粉质量比为3∶2）,考察淀粉添加对鱼糜凝胶质构、流变学特性、持水性及水分分布和微观结构等的影响,探讨不同种类淀粉对鱼糜凝胶品质的改善。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加5种淀粉均会显著降低罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶的白度（P<0.05）,但其凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性显著增大,凝胶持水性显著提高（P<0.05）,蒸煮损失率显著下降（P<0.05）,结合水含量显著增加（P<0.05）,凝胶微观结构更加均匀致密,且添加了复配木薯变性淀粉的凝胶质构特性最好,持水性最高。低场核磁共振成像和光学显微镜观察结果显示,不同种类的淀粉均能有效锁住鱼糜凝胶基质中的水分;升温过程中淀粉吸水膨胀,在鱼糜凝胶网络结构中起浓缩和填充作用;添加了复配木薯变性淀粉的鱼糜凝胶结构最致密均匀。因此,添加复配木薯变性淀粉可以有效改善罗非鱼鱼糜制品的品质,为淡水鱼鱼糜制品的开发提供了理论支撑。     

Effect of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin on physical properties and transition parameters of amylose–lipid complexes of native and acetylated starches

The effect of hydroxpropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) on physical properties and digestibility of wheat, potato, waxy maize and high-amylose maize starches before and after acetylation was studied. Effect of HPβ-CD on amylose–lipid complexes in native and acetylated potato starches synthesized using α-lysophosphatidylcholine was also studied. Acetylation increased swelling factor, amylose leaching, peak viscosity and susceptibility to α-amylase hydrolysis, but decreased gelatinization temperature and enthalpy and gel hardness in all starches. HPβ-CD markedly increased swelling factor and amylose leaching in native and acetylated wheat starches but had little or no impact on other starches. Wheat starch gelatinization enthalpy decreased in the presence of HPβ-CD but gelatinization temperature of all the starches was slightly increased. HPβ-CD had no influence on enzymatic hydrolysis. Melting enthalpy of amylose–lipid complex in both native and acetylated wheat starches was decreased by HPβ-CD. Acetylation also decreased the melting enthalpy of amylose–lipid complex in wheat starch. Similar trend of thermal transitions was observed in the presence of HPβ-CD for the amylose–lipid complexes synthesized in potato starch. Acetylation reduces the complex formation ability of the amylose polymer. Similar to gelatinization, acetylation widened the melting temperature range of amylose–lipid complexes while shifting it to a lower temperature. Higher swelling and amylose leaching, and decreased gelatinization temperature and enthalpy resulting from acetylation of wheat starch is consistent with its influence on starch hydration. Similar effects resulting from the inclusion of HPβ-CD were consistent with the disruption of amylose–lipid complex by HPβ-CD which promotes granular hydration.     

Roles of Starch in Surimi Seafood: A Review

Surimi seafood is a cooked gel product that utilizes fish protein from surimi to produce seafood analog products. Starch is the second most important ingredient used in the manufacture of surimi seafood due to its water holding ability and capacity to partially replace fish proteins while maintaining desired gel characteristics at a reduced cost. Typically, starch is added to surimi seafood formulations at 4–12%. Functional properties of surimi seafood to control wetness, stickiness, and/or thermal stability upon different storage and serving temperatures have been extensively studied using modified starches. There is a great need to review the role of starches in various applications of surimi seafood.