基于改进局部一致性约束的立体匹配算法

针对PatchMatchStereo立体匹配算法在实现倾斜平面时，因使用随机函数生成平面参数而导致算法计算量大且误匹配率高的问题，提出一种基于局部一致性约束的立体匹配算法。首先，通过对图像中的像素进行稀疏匹配获得视差置信度高的支撑点；其次，利用三角剖分为图像内各像素点确定一个三角平面，计算平面参数并分配给该平面内的点；然后，通过迭代传播为每个像素点找到更加准确的平面参数，构建出局部一致性平行窗口模型；最后，通过平面参数计算视差值并通过视差后处理优化视差。本文算法在Middlebury评估平台第三版标准测试数据集上进行实验，实验结果表明，处理后的平均误匹配率比PMS算法降低了4.39%，其中对单个图像的误匹配率最高降低15.42%。本文算法在降低误匹配率的同时提高了图像处理的效率，相较于其他算法具有显著的优越性。     

一种基于图像分割的立体匹配算法

针对在立体匹配过程中的低纹理和视差不连续的问题,提出了一种基于图像分割的立体匹配算法。首先采用Mean-Shift算法对彩色图像进行图像分割,并认为分割区域块内的像素视差是平滑的,然后采用较大窗口匹配方法,提取左右彩色图像相似像素点作为种子点,根据区域内的平滑约束条件,利用小窗口匹配方法将种子点向周围区域扩散,最终得到稠密视差图。实验结果表明该算法相比传统的自适应匹配算法,视差不连续区域匹配误差降低10%左右。     

基于加权匹配代价和色彩分割的快速立体匹配

针对现有立体匹配算法复杂、耗时较长的特点,提出了一种基于加权匹配代价和色彩分割的立体匹配算法。算法引入一种基于梯度差算子与绝对差算子加权的匹配代价计算初始视差。根据基于色彩分割的视差假设,采用Mean-Shift算子对图像进行分割,用分割后的图像作为模板优化初始视差。实验结果表明,该算法提高匹配精度和速度,具有良好的实用价值。     

基于改进Census变换的局部立体匹配算法

针对基于传统Census变换的立体匹配算法鲁棒性差和精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进Census变换的自适应权重立体匹配算法.首先,用Census变换窗口中邻域像素的中值来替换中心像素的灰度值,克服了邻域像素对中心像素的依赖;然后用自适应权重的方法分别计算匹配代价和进行立体匹配,得到初始视差;最后通过左右一致性校验和亚像素提精的方法得到稠密的视差图.实验结果表明,该算法有很强的鲁棒性和很高的匹配精度.     

基于改进Census变换与梯度融合的立体匹配算法

双目立体匹配根据视差原理将平面视觉转化到三维立体视觉,是三维重建的核心步骤之一。针对局部立体匹配算法在深度不连续、弱纹理区域匹配精度低且易受光照、噪声等因素干扰的问题,提出了一种改进的立体匹配算法。首先,在代价计算阶段将改进的Census代价与梯度代价进行融合,并采用引导滤波算法对图像进行多尺度代价聚合;然后,采用赢家通吃算法计算初始视差;最后,采用左右一致性检测、中值滤波进行视差后处理,得到最终的视差图。实验结果表明,本算法在Middlebury2.0测试平台上的平均误匹配率为5.11%,且具有很好的稳健性和实用性。     

融合梯度特性与置信度的立体匹配算法

针对现有局部立体匹配算法在计算匹配代价时, 不能很好区分强弱纹理区域,及在视差计算过程 中,不能很好的解决视差歧义问题,提出一种融合梯度特性与置信度的立体匹配算法。首先 计算梯度特 征,并根据梯度特征信息选择匹配代价计算的匹配窗口,针对强弱不同纹理区域选择不同尺 寸的匹配窗 口,有效的提高了立体匹配精度,降低了误匹配率;然后在视差计算中引入置信度约束条件 ,解决了视差 计算中视差歧义的问题,提高了立体匹配算法的稳定性与精度;最后使用水平与垂直方向交 叉区域检测进 行奇异值的修正。实验结果表明,该算法在Middlebury数据集中31对 立体图像对的平均误匹配率为7.96%,有效的提高了立体匹配精度。     

一种快速区域立体匹配算法设计及实现

为了精确建立两幅图像像素间的对应关系,克服区域立体匹配算法计算量大的缺点,提出了一种改进的区域立体匹配算法。改进的区域匹配算法运用双向立体匹配策略来提高两幅图像像素间的匹配精度,并结合mean-shift图像分割技术,在同一区域具有相同视差的假设前提下获得图像的稠密视差;为了克服区域立体匹配计算量大的缺点,该算法引入伪极线约束将真正匹配点的位置限定在一个非常小的范围内,从而大大减少了匹配点的搜索范围,有效地降低了匹配算法的计算量。实验结果表明,改进的双向匹配算法可以有效地缩小匹配搜索范围,并实现图像间的精确稠密匹配。     

基于引导滤波及视差图融合的立体匹配

立体匹配是双目视觉领域的重要研究方向.为在保证图片纹理区域匹配精度的同时降低弱纹理区域的误匹配率,提出一种基于引导滤波及视差图融合的立体匹配方法.首先,根据图像颜色相似性将图片划分为纹理较丰富区域和弱纹理区域.接着,分别采用不同参数的引导滤波进行代价聚合及视差计算,得到两张视差图.然后依据纹理区域划分的结果对获得的两张视差图进行融合.最后,通过左右一致性检测、加权中值滤波等视差优化步骤得到最终视差图.对Middlebury测试平台上标准图像对的实验结果表明,该方法在6组弱纹理图像上的平均误匹配率为9.67％,较传统引导滤波立体匹配算法具有更高的匹配精度.     

图像多通道边缘信息辅助的快速立体匹配算法

提出一种基于图像边缘及色彩信息辅助的立体匹配算法.首先给出一种彩色边缘侦测算子来获取彩色图像边缘信息,利用基于归一化相关系数的极线立体匹配得到视差图像边缘像素的视差信息.然后利用已获取彩色图像对的边缘信息对双步骤动态规划匹配策略进行匹配指导,获取稠密视差图并进一步优化.实验表明,提出的算法能很好地降低图像对中强度接近物体的误匹配概率的同时,有效提高匹配算法的运行效率.     

基于韦伯感知和导引滤波分层聚合快速立体图像匹配

该文利用韦伯定律和导引滤波提出基于代价分层聚合的快速立体匹配方法。首先提取立体图像对各彩色通道Weber描述符并初始化匹配代价。利用导引滤波增强匹配代价并提取视差候选;利用候选子集联合空间离散采样与自适应支持权重实现分层代价聚合;据此快速择优选取初始视差。视差求精中采用改进型双边滤波和对称映射后处理有效改善初始视差图中歧义区域。实验表明,该文方法能有效消除匹配歧义,获得分段平滑、高精度稠密视差;结构简单、快速高效且对光照变化具有鲁棒性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.