氧传感器用ZrO2-Y2O3固体电解质电导性能的研究

采用低温处理制备的ZrO2-Y2O3系列超细粉末,粉末粒度达到10－50nm,经压制、等静压成型、高温烧结成致密的氧化锆陶瓷。分别采用超细铂粉、专用铂电极浆料以及氯铂酸等原料制作电极,用交流电桥法测试各种陶瓷的导电性能,通过比较分析,基本确定了制备氧传感器的ZrO2-Y2O3系列固体电解质的组成。     

氧传感器用催化铂电极浆料的制备及其电性能测试

氧传感器是车用监控空燃比、保证尾气排放达标的测量组件,铂电极是催化传感器的核心元件。将特定质量比的铂-锆复合粉末与有机粘合剂混合,使用三辊轧机轧制制备了催化铂电极浆料,并将其应用于传感器上检测其电性能。结果表明,所得催化铂电极浆料满足氧传感器件的要求,性能良好。     

PZT压电陶瓷谐振器用银电极浆料

本文研究了中频压电陶瓷谐振器用银电极浆料的制备工艺，并对银膜在烧结过程中微观结构的变化进行了分析。新型的电极银浆用于制作PZT压电陶瓷电极，经高温烧线后，银膜表面光亮、平滑、致密。电极的谐振阻抗≤2．5Ω，机械品质因素＞1500。通过极化后的电学参数满足特定产品的性能要求。     

陶瓷电容器镍电极的致密化过程

分别在550、650、750和950℃的烧结温度下制备陶瓷电容器贱金属镍电极.研究了烧结温度对镍电极附着力和方阻的影响,分析了不同烧结温度下镍电极的微观组织和成分,揭示了镍电极致密化过程的本质.结果表明,随着烧结温度的增加,镍电极附着力逐渐增大,方阻逐渐下降;烧结温度是影响镍电极致密化过程的重要因素,950℃时形成了连续、致密的三层结构电极,中间层与镍电极附着强度相关;镍电极的致密化过程分为液态玻璃的生成、镍粉颗粒的溶解-析出和固相骨架的形成3个阶段.     

混合银粉对导电银浆烧结膜层附着力的影响

采用4种不同规格的银粉,并优选其中2种银粉按不同比例混合,制备得到不同氧化锌压敏电阻器用导电银浆;对烧结后的银浆样品进行表面形貌分析和附着力测试,并比较烧结温度对附着力的影响。结果表明,将2种单一银粉混合制备所得浆料烧结所得电极膜层表面更致密平整,附着力增加;调整合适的混合质量比,可以得到具有最大附着力的导电银浆;其机制可能是浆料在烧结过程中不同粒径的银粉相互填充间隙,产生协同作用,提高了膜层致密度。所得银浆最佳烧结温度为550~650℃。     

等离子放电烧结制备10ScSZ细晶块体及其烧结温度探究

采用燃烧法制备10ScSZ粉体,通过等离子放电烧结(SPS)制备10ScSZ细晶致密陶瓷块体。根据SPS上下电极间距随烧结温度的变化绘制烧结曲线,在1200℃附近电极间距最小,判断陶瓷致密化温度在1200℃左右。为验证该方法的可靠性,选取1050,1100,1150,1200,1250℃作为烧结温度分别制备样品。结果表明,在1150℃烧结的10ScSZ样品具有最高的致密度,达到99.4%,且具有平均晶粒尺寸为194 nm的细晶结构,与推测结果基本相符。该实验结果证实了在SPS烧结中通过烧结曲线判断合适的烧结温度是一种高效可行的方法。     

硼掺杂锌锡氧化物靶材的制备、组织及性能研究

采用纳米B_2O_3、ZnO和SnO_2粉末原料和氧压烧结法,在1200~1250℃烧结制备出不同硼掺杂量的锌锡氧化物(ZTO)陶瓷靶材(BZTO)。借助SEM、XRD,研究了掺杂量、烧结温度等对BZTO靶材微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明,B_2O_3在BZTO中的存在状态与加热/烧结温度紧密相关。600℃加热后,B_2O_3主要固溶于SnO_2和ZnO晶格中;1000℃和1250℃烧结后,B_2O_3与ZnO反应生成Zn_5B_4O_(11)中间相,也会部分固溶于基体相中。在1250℃烧结时,3.0wt%B_2O_3掺杂的BZTO靶材晶粒细小,组织致密,相对密度也最高。     

烧结温度对车用TiAl高温结构材料组织和性能的影响

采用SPS烧结方法对气雾化法来制备的车用Ti-42Al-10Nb-0.6W粉末和Ti B_2粉末进行烧结处理。通过SEM观察、力学测试研究了烧结温度对Ti Al高温结构材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明:该试样的拉伸强度随着烧结温度的增加先增加后降低;当Ti B_2成分为0.5%时,合金的拉伸强度达到最高。当烧结温度上升后,快速致密化的初始温度并没有发生较大改变。实验温度范围内发生最快致密化是在烧结温度为1140℃。在980℃下烧结得到的合金试样中形成了众多孔隙结构;温度为1060℃时烧结得到的试样孔隙现象已经不明显;在1140℃下烧结得到的试样致密度更大且组织更均匀。     

烧结工艺对纳米WC/MgO复合材料性能的影响

利用高能球磨法和放电等离子烧结技术制备了纳米WC/MgO复合材料,研究了烧结温度和烧结压力对WC-8wt%MgO复合材料密度、硬度和断裂韧性的影响.结果表明,烧结温度过低,试样的致密度差;烧结温度过高,晶粒快速长大,使得复合材料性能降低;烧结压力越大,复合材料的致密度越高,硬度和断裂韧性越好.最佳烧结工艺是烧结温度1650℃,烧结压力70 MPa,获得了该复合块体材料的最佳性能组合.     

基底温度对氧化铂薄膜结构与催化性能的影响

氧化铂电极是安全壳内置氢浓度监测传感器的重要元件，因其力学和电催化性不足而使氢传感器处于瓶颈，限制了我国AP1000技术的全面国产化。本文采用反应磁控溅射法在铂基材上成功制备出氧化铂薄膜电极，并探究了不同基底温度对薄膜组成、形貌及电催化性能的影响。结果表明，在Ar/50%O2溅射气氛下可获得由PtO和PtO2组成的氧化铂薄膜。随着温度由室温（RT）升至200℃，非晶态薄膜中氧空位逐渐被修复并转化为晶态，形成具有三维纳米枝晶状、无裂纹的薄膜，其PtO2占比提高，电化学活性面积（ECSA）增加，稳定性提高；而随着温度升至400℃，薄膜中氧空位浓度大幅降低，平均晶粒尺寸进一步增加，PtO2逐步分解为PtO和Pt，ECSA减小，稳定性及氧还原活性降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.