协同发酵对发酵乳中益生菌活菌数及酸乳品质的影响

益生菌因能够改善肠道健康而逐渐被应用于发酵乳中,但由于部分益生菌在牛乳中生长缓慢、难以凝乳,因此益生菌发酵乳的产业化受到限制。通过复合菌种的协同发酵法能够实现益生菌发酵乳的制备,但无法保障功能性益生菌的高活菌数。该研究以2株功能性益生菌——罗伊氏乳杆菌CCFM1175和副干酪乳杆菌CCFM1176为研究对象,以发酵乳pH、酸度及活菌数变化为参考,筛选适宜与益生菌协同发酵的发酵菌株,制备益生菌发酵乳,并测定其贮藏特性及感官品质变化。结果表明,通过与保加利亚乳杆菌5L6的协同发酵,罗伊氏乳杆菌CCFM1175和副干酪乳杆菌CCFM1176在发酵乳中的产酸速率及活菌数显著增加,发酵12 h后滴定酸度分别为(68.17±0.42)°T、(62.51±0.84)°T,活菌数分别为(8.24±0.05) lg CFU/mL、(8.61±0.08)lg CFU/mL,实现快速凝乳及高活菌数。同时,协同发酵法有效改善了发酵乳的后酸化现象并提高持水力,制备得到的益生菌发酵乳具有良好的贮藏特性及感官评价。该研究解决了2株功能性益生菌在发酵乳中难以凝乳或发酵速率较慢的问题,为促进功能性益生菌在发酵乳产业中的...     

乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8发酵乳缓解便秘的作用

便秘是一种常见的消化道疾病,益生菌可通过维持肠道菌群平衡、产生有益代谢产物、促进肠道蠕动和缓解炎症等方式改善便秘。该文对乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8发酵乳进行动态体外仿生消化系统测试,并利用人群实验探究发酵乳对便秘的有益影响。结果发现：乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8 具有良好的耐胃肠液能力,能够以活菌的状态进入宿主体内发挥益生功效。受试者在饮用乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8发酵乳后,排便频次、排便类型和排便用力程度均得到改善,其中排便类型和排便用力程度的改善效果在40～50 岁的人群中尤为明显。     

益生菌发酵乳功能研究进展

本文对益生菌发酵乳功能研究进展以及益生菌发酵乳产业化进展进行阐述,介绍益生菌发酵乳在降血糖、降血压、免疫活性、肠道疾病等方面的功能作用,为新型益生菌发酵乳的开发提供了参考依据。     

益生菌发酵乳的研究及产业化进展

益生菌产业朝气蓬勃,作为益生菌重要载体的发酵乳制品也在不断升级。随着肠道菌群研究的不断深入,消费者对于营养健康调控有了新的认识。益生菌发酵乳等健康饮食可调节肠道健康,进而预防人体慢性疾病,已成为共识。本文概述近年来益生菌发酵乳的研究进展和产业化现状,重点阐述益生菌发酵乳在肠道疾病、肿瘤和肠-X轴等方面功能作用的研究进展,以期为益生菌发酵乳的深入研究及产品开发提供参考。     

益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang和乳双歧杆菌V9发酵乳胞外多糖含量对流变学特性、质构和稳定性的影响

干酪乳杆菌Zhang和乳双歧杆菌V9是我国自主开发具有良好益生特性的益生菌,发酵乳是益生菌的最优载体之一。本研究以2株益生菌应用于发酵乳为研究对象,采用多频扩散波谱法研究发酵过程中的流变学特性,通过稠度、硬度、内聚性和黏度指数测定分析发酵乳的质构特性,并分析贮藏期间活菌数和稳定性,胞外多糖(EPS)含量。结果表明,干酪乳杆菌Zhang、乳双歧杆菌V9和二者复配的发酵乳中EPS含量从贮藏期起始的(546.3±31.5),(361.1±20.1),(515.2±17.5)mg/L至贮藏期末增至(1 165.4±37.8),(903.6±33.9),(1 103.8±45.6)mg/L,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在发酵过程中,干酪乳杆菌Zhang组表现出较高弹性因子和低固液平衡值的流变学特性,显示形成紧密的凝胶结构。后熟后,干酪乳杆菌Zhang(包括单一和复配)发酵乳的稠度、硬度、内聚性和黏度指数显著较高,乳双歧杆菌V9发酵乳硬度和黏度指数显著较高,前者的黏度和持水性显著高于对照组,后者的黏度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。各组发酵乳贮藏期间的后酸化程度没有显著差异(P0.05),表明益生菌及其代谢产生的EPS对发酵乳流变学特性、质构特性及贮藏稳定性具有积极影响,且干酪乳杆菌Zhang作用较为突出。此外,干酪乳杆菌Zhang和乳双歧杆菌V9在贮藏期间活菌数在10~8CFU/mL以上,可有效保证益生菌发挥其促进健康的作用。综上,在发酵乳中添加益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang和/或乳双歧杆菌V9,不仅能够赋予发酵乳益生功效,而且能够改善质构特性和贮藏稳定性。本研究为实际生产、推广应用提供技术依据,同时为益生菌发酵乳的发酵及贮藏特性评价提供研究思路和方法。     

益生菌发酵乳低温酸性双重胁迫致益生菌损伤 机制的研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,是定植于人体肠道、生殖系统内,能产生确切健康功效从而改善宿主微生态平衡、发挥有益作用的活性有益微生物的总称。近年,有关益生菌发酵乳中低温酸性双胁迫致益生菌的损伤,发酵乳中益生菌活性的保护,以及组学技术推动下的菌株损伤相关代谢研究取得了一定进展。本文综述了益生菌低温酸性双胁迫下损伤应激和保护机制、菌株特性对发酵乳风味和质量的影响及益生菌发酵乳冷藏过程低温酸性双重胁迫下菌体活性的保护策略,为研究影响益生菌发酵乳中益生菌存活能力、菌体细胞膜特性及代谢酶活性的因素,明确益生菌发酵乳基质中益生菌低温酸性双胁迫损伤的分子机制,建立益生菌发酵乳加工和贮藏过程中益生菌的保护策略提供参考,也为未来改善益生菌发酵乳的功效和品质提供了科学依据。     

益生菌发酵乳的研究及产业化进展

益生菌产业发展得如火如荼,发酵乳制品作为益生菌的重要载体也在持续升级。肠道菌群研究是比较热门的话题,随着研究的不断深入,许多消费者对于营养健康调控有了新的认知。众所周知,益生菌发酵乳可以调节肠道,有效预防慢性疾病,增强人体免疫力,让人们以更好的身体状态来工作与生活。因此,对益生菌发酵乳进行深入分析是非常必要的。本文就益生菌发酵乳的相关内涵以及益生菌发酵乳的产业化进展进行详细论述,文章仅供参考。     

乳杆菌调节肠道屏障实验模型的研究进展

乳杆菌是一类被广泛应用于发酵食品和保健品中的益生菌,因其具有促进肠道屏障发育、调节肠道免疫功能、降低腹泻风险等作用而备受关注。许多研究表明了乳杆菌属的益生菌具有改善肠道屏障的作用,其调节作用主要表现在稳定或加强肠道黏膜屏障,产生拮抗微生物活性物质,增强非特异性免疫应答等。目前针对乳杆菌对肠道健康的调节已有很多模型,该文主要概述了体外实验模型包括Caco-2、HT-29和T-84等细胞模型,以及体内实验模型包括小鼠、肉鸡和仔猪模型。各种模型的建立与优化,为乳杆菌等益生菌影响肠道屏障作用的机理提供了很好的研究手段。     

植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391在酸奶体系中的细菌素产生特点

植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391能够合成细菌素,也是益生菌,在食品中既可作为益生菌使用,也可作为辅助发酵剂用于生物防控,该研究主要考察了KLDS1.0391菌株在酸奶体系中细菌素的产生特点。研究结果表明,在发酵的6 h期间,抑菌活性随发酵时间延长而增强,发酵结束时,添加植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391酸奶组的抑菌活性显著高于仅使用酸奶发酵剂的对照组(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,加入辅助发酵剂的实验组的感官品质未发生明显的变化。植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391具备开发益生酸奶的潜力。     

Ⅲ型抗性淀粉在发酵乳中的研究进展

抗性淀粉有益于调节肠道菌群,改善肠道功能,控制胆固醇水平和血糖指数。近些年最受关注的是抗性淀粉的益生元效应。发酵乳被认为是益生菌与益生元最佳载体,将Ⅲ型抗性淀粉加于发酵乳中不仅可以改善发酵乳品质,还可以发挥益生元效应,增强发酵乳的功能性。简要介绍了抗性淀粉与益生元的关系,概述了Ⅲ型抗性淀粉在发酵乳中的应用,阐述了Ⅲ型抗性淀粉对发酵乳品质的影响及其益生性评价,以期为Ⅲ型抗性淀粉在功能性发酵乳的应用提供参考。     

发酵乳改善胃肠道功能作用的研究进展

发酵乳制品作为益生菌的优良载体,已有上百年的历史。近年来,发酵乳制品因其具有较高的营养价值,促进人体新陈代谢,提高人体免疫功能等方面的健康益处而深受消费者的青睐。众所周知,肠道菌群在体内发挥十分重要的作用,其中包括免受潜在病原体的侵害、从膳食成分中提取营养、以及调节消化和免疫稳态等。然而,发酵乳可通过调节肠道菌群,进而改善胃肠道功能。该研究综述了发酵乳通过调节肠道菌群,进而改善胃肠道功能作用,缓解炎症性肠病、便秘、腹泻、胃食管反流以及消化溃疡等疾病。旨在探究发酵乳改善人体胃肠道功能作用方面的主要研究进展,为发酵乳制品的相关研究及未来发展提供参考。     

Effects of a probiotic fermented milk beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on defecation frequency,intestinal microbiota,and the intestinal environment of healthy individuals with soft stools

The effects of drinking a fermented milk beverage that contains Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) at 40 billion bacterial cells/bottle for 4 weeks (probiotics, 1 bottle/day) on defecation frequency, intestinal microbiota and the intestinal environment of healthy individuals with soft stools were evaluated. Thirty-four healthy adults who had soft stools were randomised into 2 groups, and the effects of a regular 4-week intake of probiotics were evaluated by a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparative design. Defecation frequency significantly decreased after the 4-week intake period compared with before the probiotic treatment. The stool quality significantly improved (hardened) compared to the placebo. Also, the water content of the stools was lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group. Live LcS was recovered at 6.9 ± 1.3 and 7.2 ± 0.8 log₁₀ CFU per 1 g of stool after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, of probiotic treatment. The number of bifidobacteria in the stools also increased significantly compared with the level before starting the probiotics. The organic acid levels (total, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) significantly increased compared with the level before intake in both the probiotic and placebo groups, but they returned to the original levels after the end of the intake period. These results suggest that probiotic fermented milk beverage has an intestine-conditioning effect by improving the frequency of defecation and stool quality and increasing the intrinsic bifidobacteria in healthy individuals with soft stool.     

Review Article: Technological Aspects of Prebiotics in Probiotic Fermented Milks

Prebiotics are food components that exert beneficial effects on health of the host, associated with modulation of the intestinal flora via stimulating the growth and/or activity of the probiotics. One of the recommended ways to maintain high viable numbers of probiotic bacteria in the intestine as well as in the probiotic fermented milk products until the time of consumption is via the use of prebiotics. These compounds can also affect sensory profile, physicochemical and rheological characteristics, and economic properties of probiotic fermented milk products. In this article, technological aspects of prebiotics (viability of probiotics in the product as well as the physicochemical, rheological, sensory, and economic characteristics of product) in probiotic fermented milks are reviewed.     

Effect of Different Aloe Fractions on the Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Several foods on the market, such as yogurt and fermented milk, include mixtures of prebiotics and probiotic microorganisms effective in promoting the proliferation and equilibrium of intestinal bacteria, thus improving gut health. Particularly, researchers and the public have shown increasing interest in the combination of probiotics with natural substances that promote health or that can act as substrates to promote bacterial growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different extracts of Aloe barbadensis and Aloe arborescens in fermented milk, taking into account both the prebiotic effect of aloe polysaccharides and the antimicrobial activity of several secondary metabolites. The results demonstrate a beneficial effect of 5% aloe inner gel on Lactobacillus growth and confirm the antimicrobial activity of the phenolic compounds peculiar of green rind extracts.     

益生菌与肠道菌群、免疫调节的相互作用与机制研究进展

益生菌在改善宿主肠道微生态平衡、提高宿主健康水平和健康状态等方面发挥有益作用。其主要通过调理肠道微生物群、参与多种疾病的免疫调节,从而改善胃肠道生理机能来影响宿主健康。益生菌在预防和治疗胃肠道疾病等方面具有相当大的潜力,需要对其与肠道菌群、免疫调节的相互作用机制更深入的了解。本文对益生菌在肠道的分布与定植、益生菌对肠道菌群和肠道功能的调控作用以及益生菌与免疫调节的关系做了简单论述,以期为今后益生菌与肠道菌群互作研究以及益生菌的临床应用提供参考。     

抗坏血酸对发酵豆乳中嗜酸乳杆菌存活力影响的研究

本研究采用嗜酸乳杆菌和传统菌混合发酵制作酸豆乳的工艺,探讨在培养基中添加抗坏血酸对提高嗜酸乳杆菌在发酵酸豆乳成品中存活力的影响。实验结果表明,抗坏血酸可以促进酸豆乳中嗜酸乳杆菌的生长。通过对温度、发酵剂添加量及抗坏血酸添加量三个因素进行正交试验确定感官品质良好、活菌数量较高的组合为温度39℃、发酵剂添加量6%,抗坏血酸添加量0.01%,在此条件下生产的发酵酸豆乳质地细腻、酸甜适口,嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数达到6.3 × 108CFU/ml.     

The effect of probiotic fermented milk and inulin on the functions and microecology of the intestine

We investigated the effects of a probiotic fermented milk and inulin on gastrointestinal function and microecology. The study was double-blinded and comprised 66 healthy adults (22 male, 44 female), mean age 40 years (range, 22-60 years). After a 12-d baseline period the subjects were randomized to consume, for 3 weeks, 3x200 ml daily of either (1) a fermented milk with probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Bifidobacterium spp. 420 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 145), (2) a fermented milk with the same probiotics plus 4 g inulin, or (3) a control fermented milk. During the last 7 d of the baseline and the intervention periods, the subjects kept a record of their defaecation frequency and gastrointestinal symptoms, and collected all their faeces. Intestinal transit time, stool weight and faecal enzyme activities were measured. Thirty-nine subjects were randomized to give faecal samples for analysis of pH and microbes, including lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides and Clostridium perfringens. Consumption of fermented milk with probiotics or with probiotics and inulin increased the faecal number of lactobacilli (P=0.009, P=0.003) and bifidobacteria (P=0.046, P=0.038) compared with the baseline. Compared with the control fermented milk, both active products increased lactobacilli (P=0.005, ANCOVA). Subjects consuming fermented milk with probiotics and inulin suffered from gastrointestinal symptoms, especially flatulence, more than the others (P<0.001). In conclusion, the probiotic fermented milk product had a positive effect by increasing the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the colon. Inulin did not alter this effect but it increased gastrointestinal symptoms.     

益生菌改善牛乳蛋白过敏性的研究进展

牛奶蛋白过敏是儿童早期最常见的食物过敏反应之一,通常会持续到成年期。益生菌影响肠道微生物群并调节免疫反应。因此,它可能是可以缓解某些涉及肠道免疫系统疾病的工具,例如尚无治疗方法的牛乳蛋白过敏。本文中探讨了牛奶蛋白过敏的重要研究进展,介绍了牛乳蛋白过敏原和过敏机理。重点强调了益生菌在牛奶蛋白过敏方面取得的最新进展,通过调节肠道菌群和提高肠道免疫来改善牛乳蛋白过敏。最后阐述了低致敏性产品的研究现状,提出了研究及应用中面临的主要问题。益生菌改善牛乳蛋白过敏性的深入研究是过敏领域的重大突破,为缓解牛乳过敏提供理论依据。