XLPE电力电缆接头局部放电在线检测抗干扰技术研究

在分析各种抗干扰措施的基础上,研究了小波分析及极性鉴别抗干扰技术在电缆接头局部放电检测中的应用,提出了以频谱分析、小波分析、设定阈值、极性鉴别为主,以相位开窗、时延鉴别等手段为辅的抗干扰方法,并通过对信号进行频谱分析,判断信号是否需要开相位窗,选用数字滤波和小波分析,最后经极性鉴别和时廷鉴别的流程来进行电缆接头的局部放电测试。实验室和现场数据综合分析表明,该方法和流程适合在实验室和现场条件下进行交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆（cross-1inked polyethylene insulated cable,XLPE）接头的局部放电测试。     

Partial discharge detection in cables using VHF capacitive couplers

In order to detect and locate partial discharge (PD) activity within HV cables and in particular cable joints, the feasibility of using a very high frequency WHO capacitive coupler technique has been investigated. In addition, an alternative PD offline test method for cable joints or cable sections within long cable systems has been developed. By energising the joint or a short section of the cable screen only this method has the advantage of reducing the power supply requirement of the test source. The application of capacitive couplers for this PD offline test method has been investigated. In order to use this approach there must be an insulation gap between the coupler and the outer sheath of the test cable. The effect of this gap on measured sensitivity has been investigated experimentally and through the use of a simulation model. Obtained results are in good agreement. Cross-correlation techniques have been implemented to automatically estimate the signal time of flight from different-coupler outputs. Methods of calibrating the coupler applied to the alternative PD offline test method have also been investigated.     

An improved optically based PD detection system for continuous on-line monitoring of HV cables

An optically-based remote sensing technique using a laser source, polarization scrambler, standard single mode fibers, fiber polarizer, electro-optic (EO) modulator and optical receiver, for continuous on-line monitoring of partial discharges (PD) in high voltage cable joints is proposed. Both the fiber polarizer and EO modulator, which are placed near cable joints, are passive without any power requirements. An EO modulator with no electrical bias, which operates close to the half-intensity point, was used and proved to have much better light transmission performance and higher measurement sensitivity than the bias modulator approach investigated earlier. Various multiplexing techniques including optical switches and a fused fiber coupler have been investigated in order to implement multi-channel monitoring so that one laser source can be used to provide light to several fibers. The revised PD optical remote sensing technique has been applied to practical PD measurements on both 132 kV cable joint at the University of Southampton in the UK and 400 kV cable joints at Sudkabel GmbH in Germany. Obtained results have verified the principle and demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed technique.     

高压电缆附件局部放电超高频检测与分析

为保障XLPE电力系统安全运行,开展高压系统附件局部放电(PD)检测研究,建立了110kV交联聚乙烯电缆接头的数学物理模型并利用时域有限差分法对其内部产生的PD超高频(UHF)电磁波的传播特性进行数值仿真。研究检测位置和金属护套以及半导电层等4种因素对UHF信号波形畸变和能量衰减的影响,并通过实验室电缆接头PD实测验证的仿真结果表明:金属护套和半导电层对UHF信号波头和频率有较大的衰减作用,在-20dB衰减条件下,UHF传感器距离接头的理论值应<3m,且上限频率≤500MHz。     

交叉互联接地电缆系统局放检测的仿真研究

高压XLPE电缆系统缺陷大多发生在电缆附件部位,因此电缆的局部放电检测集中在电缆附件上。由于长距离电缆系统通常采用交叉互联的接地方式以减少屏蔽层损耗和降低电缆末端的电压升高,这样三相系统之间就存在放电信号互扰问题,放电相的脉冲信号就可以在其他相被检测到。本文针对此种电缆系统局部放电现场检测情况,设计了应用于电缆中间接头的VHF宽频带电容型传感器,并应用ATP软件对具有交叉互联接地方式的XLPE电缆系统进行仿真研究,通过对各种典型放电情况的仿真结果分析,掌握了此系统的局部放电信号互扰规律,为局部放电检测系统应用于现场在线检测提供了理论依据。     

On-site partial discharge measurements on premoulded cross-bondingjoints of 170 kV XLPE and EPR cables

A total number of 15 premoulded joints of three 170 kV cable circuits (XLPE and EPR) were equipped with partial discharge (PD) sensors. The developed sensors are based on inductive high frequency coupling of partial discharge pulses occurring in the joints. The PD activity of each joint was monitored during an after laying AC acceptance test. The test voltage of 190 kV was generated by means of a frequency-tuned series-resonance test set. The signals of the PD sensors were assessed with a spectrum analyser in a frequency range from 15 to 50 MHz, allowing a good separation of noise from PD signals under high interference levels. The investigation demonstrated the feasibility of on-site PD measurements on joints during after laying tests     

A new partial discharge detection method for live UHV/EHV cable joints

Partial discharge (PD) detection on live UHVEHV power cables and accessories is one of the most important techniques to prevent cable systems from serious difficulties caused by slight errors in joining the cables. A new PD detecting method is proposed in this paper. A resonance-type partial discharge (REDI) sensor is developed for detecting PD occurring inside the joints of live XLPE insulated cables. This sensor picks up the high-frequency components of PD current pulses on the surface of live cables, hence the output signals can clearly be observed at the noiseless area (for example, 10-60 MHZ). This new method was applied to the initial ac breakdown tests with three different types of joints of UHV/EHV power cables. The PD pulse sequence was detected before their breakdown in all cases. The charge quantity and the number of pulses increased tremendously just before the breakdown. In addition, the phase of PD pulse against the applied voltage (?-q characteristics) changes with time or with the progress of deterioration. According to these experimental results, the REDI sensor can be applied to the insulation diagnosis of live power cable joints.     

Computation of PD calibration reflectograms in shielded power cable

The basis for computing PD calibration reflectograms in shielded power cable is presented. The computed reflectograms include the effects of cable attenuation, initial pulse width, cable length, and PD detection bandwidth. The authors have developed a program based on the algorithms presented in this paper which they are making freely available to the technical community.     

Discrimination between internal PD and other pulses usingdirectional coupling sensors on HV cable systems

On-site partial discharge (PD) measurement is required to ensure proper installation of extra high voltage (EHV) cable systems accessories. To achieve high sensitivity and good localization, two problems have to be overcome. First, the strong high frequency in long XLPE cables requires that the sensors be located along the cable, preferably directly at the accessories. Secondly, the detection system must be able to distinguish internal PD from other pulses. This paper describes a solution based on directional coupling sensors and a data visualization system, which displays phase-amplitude diagrams for individual PD sources which are identified by the direction of pulse propagation. It has been applied to on-site measurements, type and routine testing of HV cable joints and stress cones. Due to the reliable discrimination between internal PD from the accessory measured and from other pulses, testing can be done in unshielded rooms even using terminations with internal PD and corona. The method works independently well on line voltage, resonance sources, oscillating voltages and 0.1 Hz cosine-square voltage. It has been used to verify the cable accessories installed in the 6.3 km long 380 kV cable system in Berlin, Germany     

导电硅橡胶弹性体的性能与影响因素

介绍了在一定用途的绝缘聚合物上加适量导电填料(导电炭黑)生产导电塑料与导电硅橡胶弹体等导电聚合材料的方法。聚合材料的导电率随填料量的增加先缓慢上升,当填料量达到渗透极限后则以指数曲线快速上升。这种材料的机、电性能取决于原料和加工方法,与温度、拉伸、压力、电场状况等多种因素相关。此材料产品可应用于高电压及电子技术、医疗技术等领域。     

振荡波电压法检测交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头新缺陷的试验与仿真

振荡波电压法主要是利用电缆等值电容与电感线圈的串联谐振原理。振荡电压的多次极性变换可在电缆缺陷处激发出局部放电信号,通过高频耦合器测量该信号可达到检测目的。采用振荡波电压法对一条退运电缆且中间接头分别存在压接管表面误用绝缘胶带、主绝缘表面存在水膜时的情况进行了研究。结果表明振荡波电压法对压接管表面误用绝缘胶带缺陷的检出效果比较明显,对其它一些缺陷检出效果不明显,基于有限元分析方法的电场仿真结果也验证了这一点。因此振荡波电压法可否作为10kV交联聚乙烯电缆入网试验的一种替代方法有待进一步研究。     

Cost-effective on-line partial discharge of measurements for cables

On-line partial discharge (PD) measurements are an efficient method for detecting certain insulation defects of cables. These include defects in cable joints and terminations, and defects due to mechanical impact. Noninvasive, efficient, and widely applicable, portable on-line PD measurement techniques are strongly favored by the electricity industry. Three on-site PD measurements for cables are described in this article to illustrate how the techniques achieve cost-effective insulation diagnosis to protect the main assets.     

On-line partial discharge detection in cables

This paper describes an on-line PD (partial discharge) detection technique applicable to power cables. The method can be applied to both wire screen and solid shielded cables. In wire screen shielded cables, PD components with frequencies <100 MHz can be detected at distances over 150 m from the source, PD activity with levels as low as 20 pC can be detected within 100 m. However, in the case of solid shielded cables, PD levels of ⩾50 pC can be measured within 60 m in the frequency range <50 MHz. This method also can be utilized to check cable accessories such as splices and terminations. PD pulses with frequencies to ~300 MHz can be measured near the joints and terminations. The suitability and the sensitivity of the VHF technique were checked against two other alternative PD detecting techniques (pulse phase analyzer and high speed digital oscilloscope) by performing PD measurements in standard air gap and defects induced in EPR-insulated cable under laboratory-controlled conditions. The suitability and sensitivity of the VHF method were as good as the two alternative PD detection techniques     

Development of 138 kV transition joint between HPPT cable andextruded cable

The authors describe the successful development of a 138 kV transition joint between high-pressure dielectric-fluid-filled cable with paper insulation and cable with extruded insulation, such as cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene propylene rubber. Such a joint must have adequate electrical and mechanical properties and contain the high-pressure dielectric fluid normally at 1400 kPa. For evaluation of the transition joint, the IEEE standard 404-1986 for laminar-to-laminar cable joints and extruded-to-extruded cable joints was considered, along with many of the specified types of tests included, such as high-voltage AC and DC, hot impulse to BIL, cyclic aging, and corona. The test results are reported     

Partial Discharge Pulse Propagation in Shielded Power Cable and Implications for Detection Sensitivity

Boggs and Stone (1982) defined the fundamental limits to the electrical detection of corona and partial discharge (PD), i.e., wideband detection of a PD-induced pulse in the presence of thermal noise. This paper treated the effect of frequency-dependent attenuation in shielded power cable in that context. However, most of the plots in that paper were the result of numerical computations. In the same year, Stone and Boggs set out a theory for high-frequency attenuation of shielded power cable. They showed good agreement between attenuation predicted from measured material properties and measured, high-frequency attenuation of shielded power cable. Since 1982, measurements of high-frequency cable attenuation have been reported by a number of authors for a variety of cables. In addition, software tools have become available that facilitate an analytic solution for the parameters of interest. This article summarizes the theory for PD propagation in shielded power cable for both symmetric (Gaussian) and asymmetric PD-pulse waveforms, based on the assumption that the attenuation constant (dB/m or Nepers/m) of the cable is proportional to frequency. This appears to be the most complete possible analytic exposition of PD attenuation in shielded-power cable, which has obvious applications to field PD measurements of such cable.     

XLPE电缆中间接头局部放电电磁波特性仿真分析

为研究XLPE电缆中间接头中局部放电激发的电磁波特性,建立了10 kV XLPE电缆接头模型,采用有限积分法对中间接头中超高频(UHF)电磁波的模式特性、衰减特性以及检测信号与局放脉冲波形之间的关系进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:在中间接头中,电磁波主要以准TEM模式传播,在其内部各处横向电场分量明显大于纵向分量;激励产生的电场强度和信号能量整体上随检测距离的增大迅速衰减,仅在导电硅胶附近由于电磁波反射增强而略有增大;UHF信号的能量由局放脉冲的波形决定,局放脉冲波形越陡,幅值越大,激发的UHF信号越强。     

Feature article - Dispersion and PD detection in shielded power cable

Dispersion, the variation in propagation velocity with frequency, is one of those phenomena that people in the field of partial discharge (PD) detection have talked about since at least the early 1980s, but which is lacking a formal treatment in the literature. When one of the authors recently published an analytic theory of PD propagation in shielded power cable, both reviewers said "dispersion, dispersion". They believed that dispersion was important but gave no evidence for that assertion. In fact, as shown below, dispersion in shielded power cable has little if any impact on measurement of PD magnitude because the Fourier components of the pulse attenuate to insignificance before they can disperse to a degree that would cause appreciable change in the peak pulse amplitude or integral of the pulse waveform. However, dispersion does cause some distortion of the pulse shape that has implications for PD location, as it has a second-order effect on the timing of the peak PD amplitude relative to other pulses in the pulse train caused by multiple reflections from the ends of the cable. A Gaussian PD pulse in the time domain will have a Fourier spectrum that is also Gaussian in the frequency domain. If the Fourier components in the frequency domain propagate down the cable at differing velocities, the waveform to which they add will vary as a function of distance propagated, and the energy in the PD pulse is likely to spread out in time, which would have an effect on wide band PD detection no matter what the means of detection.     

电力电缆局放定位中波速确定方法研究

由于电缆中局放脉冲传播速度很快,对电缆局放定位误差影响很大。由于电缆参数不同导致其中局放脉冲的传播速度有所差别。波速微小的差别会使定位结果偏差较大。针对不同电缆,局放定位应该采用基于实验确定的波速。在分析了广泛应用的交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘电缆中局放脉冲传播特性后,提出了电缆局放定位中波速确定方法。基于实验数据拟合,得到局放脉冲在电缆中的传播时间与电缆长度的表达式,为局放点精确定位打下基础。     

Development of 500-kV XLPE cables and accessories for long distanceunderground transmission lines-Part II: jointing techniques

This paper reports on the results of a basic inquiry for the purpose of developing extrusion-molded joints (EMJ) for use with 500 kV XLPE power cable. The authors have made it clear that the factors that govern EMJ performance, like cable performance, are contaminants in the insulation and protrusions in the semiconductor layer. Through modeling experiments, the authors determine the minimum breakdown strength of EMJ and use this to determine design values for 500 kV EMJ. Finally, they carry out breakdown tests on actual equipment, resulting in the prospect of the actual realization of 500 kV EMJ     

隔爆型电动机接线盒防爆电缆密封接头引入装置问题探讨

目前,防爆电缆密封接头作为引入装置越来受到用户的青睐,但是因其制造和使用没有一定的标准规范,因此,型号比较多而且不一致,造成用户选型困难。文章探讨了这一问题,并介绍了不同结构的隔爆型电缆密封接头及其型号,以供参考。