移动传感器网络区域覆盖快速检测的拓扑方法研究

无线传感器网络以获取有用信息为最终目的,而获得的有用信息的多少取决于对监测区域的覆盖程度,因此覆盖算法是其研究的重要问题之一.现有的覆盖算法大多假定传感器节点能够提供精确的部署位置及相对方位.介绍了一种基于代数同调群的快速覆盖检测算法,基于网络拓扑即可快速判断网络的覆盖情况,无需传感器精确位置,降低了传感器设计复杂度.仿真结果表明,该算法可以快速有效地检测移动传感器部署的覆盖盲区.     

基于权重的目标覆盖控制算法

针对无线传感器网络中随机部署无法实现对重要性不同的目标的优化覆盖控制问题,利用目标重叠域和贪婪算法设计一种基于目标权重的最优部署算法。以概率感知模型的传感器节点作为研究对象,通过标定目标权重确定目标重叠域,采用贪婪算法选取节点的最优部署范围,根据指标函数的最小值确定节点的部署位置。实验结果表明,所提出的算法能够实现对离散目标的最优覆盖监测,而且能保证监测节点网络的连通性。     

基于和声搜索算法的无线传感器网络多重连通覆盖

连通与覆盖是传感器网络的重要问题,对传感器网络的服务质量有重要影响。对给定候选位置中选择最少数量的位置放置传感器节点来保证监测目标的多重覆盖和传感器节点之间的多重连通问题进行研究,提出一种基于改进和声搜索算法的节点部署策略。算法以放置节点的数量、监测目标的多重覆盖和节点的多重连通为优化目标,在和声搜索算法中一方面加入学习自动机增强算法参数的自适应性,另一方面通过对算法求解过程中优秀解的再利用,增强了算法的优化效率。为了对比算法性能,提出了一种基于贪婪算法的节点部署策略。仿真结果显示,提出的改进和声搜索算法优于提出的贪婪算法和原始和声搜索算法,证明了算法的有效性。     

基于微粒群模型的移动传感器网络部署研究

传感器节点的部署是无线传感器网络中的很重要的问题,因为它反映了传感器网络的成本和监视能力.为了减少传感器节点部署时产生的覆盖盲区,提高网络的覆盖率,提出了一种新的基于微粒群模型的移动传感器节点位置优化配置算法.该算法根据节点的位置信息建立节点部署优化模型.利用微粒群算法求解该优化模型,优化过程中的最优解作为节点的最终配置位置.仿真结果表明该算法最大可能地减少了网络中的覆盖盲区,有效改善了网络的覆盖率.     

基于信息覆盖理论的传感器节点部署方法

传感器网络中,覆盖控制是一个基本的问题.传感器节点既可以随机部署也可以在特定的环境中指定部署.传感器部署在传感区域网格的顶点处,如果信息能够覆盖网格中所有的顶点,此传感器网络为完全信息覆盖.通过研究基于完全信息覆盖理论的传感器节点指定部署,把传感器部署问题转化为受限的优化问题,并提出了一种贪婪算法,目的是在保证覆盖要求的条件下总代价的最小化.计算结果显示该算法不仅能有效的求得高质量的解决方案,而且还能在满足信息覆盖的要求的同时,极大地减少所需传感器的数量.     

基于差分算法的异构无线传感器网络多重覆盖节点调度方案

针对部署区域中存在多个不同覆盖质量需求的目标,本文提出一种基于多重覆盖算法的异构节点调度机制。该算法在满足区域覆盖要求和重点区域监测目标多重覆盖的要求,及节点能量的约束条件下,以网络的有效覆盖率最大和工作节点数目最少为目标,借助改进的差分算法来对节点状态进行优化达到提高网络覆盖性能和降低网络能耗的目的。仿真结果显示,本文的算法在满足热点目标监测要求的前提下,最大限度地兼顾网络的区域覆盖质量,减少了网络的能耗;较之随机调度算法,本文算法在覆盖率和网络能耗方面优于后者。     

半径可调的无线传感器网络三维覆盖算法

针对三维无线传感器网络区域中节点覆盖的问题,提出一种半径可调的无线传感器网络三维覆盖算法（3D-CAAR）。该算法利用虚拟力作用实现无线传感器网络的节点均匀部署,同时结合传感器节点的半径可调覆盖机制,判断节点与被覆盖区域中目标点之间的距离。引入能耗阈值,使得节点根据自身情况调节节点感知半径,从而降低无线传感器网络的整体能耗,提高了节点利用率。最后,通过与传统基于人工势场的三维部署算法（APFA3D）、基于与未知目标精确覆盖的三维算法（ECA3D）仿真实验对比,3D-CAAR的事件集覆盖效能明显较高,能有效解决三维无线传感器网络中对目标节点的覆盖问题。     

基于虚拟力的传感器网络三维覆盖算法

针对三维无线传感器网络中节点非均匀覆盖需求的问题,提出一种基于虚拟力的三维覆盖算法(3D-CAVF).该算法是将虚拟力应用在无线传感器网络中实现节点布置, 通过虚拟力和拥挤度控制, 使节点能够自动覆盖事件, 并且使节点和事件的密度呈现一种平衡的效果.在Matlab平台上进行仿真实验,将所提算法与基于人工势场的三维部署算法(APFA3D)、基于未知目标精确覆盖的三维部署算法(ECA3D)进行比较,在事件呈T型不均匀部署和线型不均匀部署两种情况下进行实验,所提算法的事件集覆盖效能比APFA3D、ECA3D 算法有3.6%、3.1%的提高.仿真实验结果表明所提算法能够有效处理三维无线传感器网络中节点的布置问题.     

基于改进萤火虫算法的覆盖优化方法

针对无线传感器网络中目标区域仅部署静态节点和移动节点时,分别存在覆盖率低和成本高的问题,提出一种基于改进萤火虫算法的覆盖优化方法。首先,将静态和移动传感器节点随机部署在目标区域内,改进位置公式和步长因子,提高全局搜索能力,加快搜索速度;其次,利用改进萤火虫算法初步确定移动传感器节点的候选目标位置;最后,通过目标位置优化方法得到节点的最佳目标位置,从而完成覆盖优化。仿真结果表明,与基于PSO算法和CS算法等启发式算法的覆盖优化相比,该优化方法能够缩短平均移动距离,提高网络覆盖率,节省节点能量,延长网络生命周期。     

基于改进蚁群算法的无线传感器网络节点部署

为了降低无线传感器网络的总体能耗,保证信息的有效采集,针对无线传感器网络节点分布部署问题进行了研究,将其形式化为一个组合优化问题,以网络覆盖率为目标函数;提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的节点优化部署方法,并对信息素扩散源搜索策略以及信息素更新方式进行改进;仿真结果表明,算法能够在监测目标区域内以相对较小的代价完成传感器网络节点的分布优化,并能降低网络的能耗,提高网络的整体覆盖率.     

移动传感器网络中目标跟踪与监测的同步优化

针对移动传感器网络(Mobile sensor networks, MSNs)中动态目标(事件源)的监测优化问题, 为提高网络覆盖质量, 建立基于Voronoi剖分的监测性能(Quality of monitoring, QoM)评价函数, 提出基于群集控制的传感器节点部署分布式控制算法. 每个节点在本地结合最小二乘法和一致性算法来估计目标相对位置. 相比传统算法, 本文算法只需本地和单跳通信(可观测)邻居的信息, 从而减小通信时长和能耗. 算法在提高以目标为中心的一定区域监测性能的同时, 使全体传感器速度趋于一致, 从而在尽量保持网络拓扑结构的同时减少了整体移动能耗. 在目标匀速或目标加速度信息全网可知的情况下, 全体传感器速度渐近收敛至目标速度, 且监测性能收敛至局部最优. 所采用的目标位置估计滤波算法计算简单、切实可行.     

含障碍物区域的移动传感器网络部署算法*

针对感知区域内含障碍物的移动传感器网络(MSN)的优化问题,提出一种基于免疫算法与维诺图的移动传感器部署算法。共分为两个阶段：第一阶段,使用多目标免疫算法最大化网络覆盖率并最小化MSN移动与感知的能耗,使用维诺图调节传感器的感知范围;第二阶段：采用基于二值抗体的免疫算法调节传感器的状态,在保持高覆盖率的前提下,最小化节点感知与冗余覆盖引起的能耗。多组仿真实验结果显示,本算法对于有、无障碍的两种场景均获得了较好的覆盖率与能耗指标,并实现了较低的处理时间。     

基于虚拟力的混合感知网节点部署

感知网一般是由静态的或移动的节点组成,为保证感知网的感知功能,节点应该有自部署和自修复能力.然而全部由移动传感器组成的感知网的成本太高,为保证感知网的覆盖功能和低成本,提出了一种在静态传感器节点中加入移动传感器节点的混合感知网形式.为了更好地部署这些节点,最大化覆盖待感知区域,提出了一种基于节点间虚拟力的移动节点部署方法,利用静态节点和移动节点以及移动节点之间的虚拟人工势场产生的作用力来控制移动节点的运动,使移动节点能够在较短的时间内,以较少的能量消耗到达自己合适的位置.在理论上分析了算法的可行性,用仿真实验验证了此算法的有效性,并和其他3种类似算法进行了性能比较.     

Coverage enhancement by using the mobility of mobile sensor nodes

Coverage is a fundamental problem in sensor networks. Sensor coverage, which reflects how well a sensor network is monitored by sensors, is an important measure for the quality of service (QoS) that a sensor network can provide. In mobile sensor networks, the mobility of sensor nodes can be utilized to enhance the coverage of the network. Since the movement of sensor nodes will consume much energy, this mobility of sensor nodes should be properly managed by some pre-defined schemes or protocols. By noticing this issue, some existing works have proposed several movement-assisted sensor deployment schemes. These works assume that the target field is a 2-dimensional space. In this paper, we study a generalized case of this problem whereby the target field can be a space which ranges from 1-dimensional to 3-dimensional. Two variations of the movement-assisted sensor deployment problem with different optimization objectives were formulated. We identify a set of basic attributes which can be used as guidelines for designing movement-assisted sensor deployment schemes. Based on these attributes, we propose efficient algorithms for both variants of the movement-assisted sensor deployment problem.     

Coverage area enhancement in wireless sensor network

In the wireless sensor network, coverage area may be enhanced after an initial deployment of sensors. Though, some research works propose how to decrease the coverage hole by increasing sensing range or movement assisted sensor deployment, these are not suitable for energy constraint wireless sensor network, as longer mobility distance or higher power level consume more energy. In this paper, we address the increasing coverage area through smaller mobility of nodes. We find out the coverage hole in the monitoring region, which is not covering by any sensing disk of sensor. Then, we address the new position of mobility nodes to increase the coverage area. The simulation result shows the mobile nodes can recover the coverage hole perfectly. The coverage holes is recovered by mobility on the existing recovery area, which cannot be lost. Moreover, hole detection time in our proposed protocol is better than existing algorithm.

     

基于概率探测模型的传感器结点配置研究

无线传感器网络结点配置是传感器网络研究的核心问题之一,它反映出无线传感器网络的代价和探测能力.主要研究了基于一种更为实用化概率检测模型(引入x%-RS 的概念)的无线传感器网络覆盖优化配置问题.在严格确保无线传感器网络连通性的条件下,优化了传感器结点配置数目并达到要求的覆盖度,获得具体的传感器结点配置方案.为提高算法的效率,在分步优化算法的基础上尝试一次循环配置多个传感器结点.最后,通过模拟计算给出配置算法的性能.     

A cellular learning automata-based deployment strategy for mobile wireless sensor networks

One important problem which may arise in designing a deployment strategy for a wireless sensor network is how to deploy a specific number of sensor nodes throughout an unknown network area so that the covered section of the area is maximized. In a mobile sensor network, this problem can be addressed by first deploying sensor nodes randomly in some initial positions within the area of the network, and then letting sensor nodes to move around and find their best positions according to the positions of their neighboring nodes. The problem becomes more complicated if sensor nodes have no information about their positions or even their relative distances to each other. In this paper, we propose a cellular learning automata-based deployment strategy which guides the movements of sensor nodes within the area of the network without any sensor to know its position or its relative distance to other sensors. In the proposed algorithm, the learning automaton in each node in cooperation with the learning automata in the neighboring nodes controls the movements of the node in order to attain high coverage. Experimental results have shown that in noise-free environments, the proposed algorithm can compete with the existing algorithms such as PF, DSSA, IDCA, and VEC in terms of network coverage. It has also been shown that in noisy environments, where utilized location estimation techniques such as GPS-based devices and localization algorithms experience inaccuracies in their measurements, or the movements of sensor nodes are not perfect and follow a probabilistic motion model, the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of network coverage.     

Flocking based distributed self-deployment algorithms in mobile sensor networks

In this paper, we address a novel deployment problem in isotropic mobile sensor networks. Sensors are to be relocated uniformly in a region of interest (ROI) centered at a target of interest (TOI) which could be stationary or mobile. With the assumption that relative direction of a sensor to the TOI can be recognized or inferred by devices equipped in the sensor, distributed control algorithms based on first-order and second-order dynamic models are proposed for both stationary and mobile TOI situations. The Lyapunov stabilities and coverage guarantee are provided. To further improve the deployment such as coverage holes inside the network and uniformity of the deployment, four assisted rules are also proposed. Then algorithms proposed for the situation of a stationary TOI are extended to anisotropic sensor networks. Simulations demonstrate the effective performances of the proposed algorithms.     

基于自组织图算法的水下传感器网络优化部署研究

水下传感器网络部署是开展水下传感器网络相关应用的基础,良好的传感器节点部署方案可以有效提高目标的监测质量;针对水环境中随机事件的突发性和不确定的特点,提出了基于自组织图算法的水下传感器网络优化部署方案;首先,随机部署传感器节点,预设随机事件呈L型不均匀分布,当随机事件发生在传感器覆盖漏洞处时,采用自组织图算法确定传感器节点需要移动到的目标位置;仿真结果表明,基于自组织图算法的水下传感器网络优化部署方案可以显著提高对随机事件的覆盖率,实现对水环境的有效监测。     

Maximizing connected coverage via controlled actor relocation in wireless sensor and actor networks

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) have recently emerged with the idea of combining wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In addition to resource constrained sensors, resource rich and mobile actor nodes are employed in WSANs. These actors can collect data from the sensors and perform appropriate actions as a result of processing such data. To perform the actions at all parts of the region in a timely manner, the actors should be deployed in such a way that they might be able to communicate with each other and cover the whole monitored area. This requires that the actors should be placed carefully prior to network operation in order to maximize the coverage and maintain the inter-actor connectivity. In this paper, we propose a distributed actor deployment algorithm that strives to maximize the coverage of actors without violating the connectivity requirement. The approach applies repelling forces between neighboring actors and from the sensors that sit on the boundaries in order to spread them in the region. The spreading of the nodes is done using a tree of actors which can provide more freedom for the movement of the nodes but at the same time maintain the required connectivity among the nodes. We present two techniques for creation of such an actor tree which are based on local pruning of the actor links and spanning tree of the inter-actor network. The performance of our approach is validated both analytically and experimentally.